Pipe Supports and Skid Platforms: An Overlooked Noise Problem

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Patching
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Support Structures ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Sound Energy ◽  
Transmission Path ◽  
Noise Energy ◽  
Acoustic Impact

When an energy industry facility must meet environmental noise regulations, the primary noise sources are the drivers (such as engines and motors), driven tools (such as compressors and pumps), air moving devices, and turbulent flow in valves and piping. The primary sound transmission path is the airborne radiation of noise, which is controlled by enclosures, lagging and silencers. The opportunity for sound energy to be transmitted through structural vibration and reradiated at another location is largely overlooked in typical acoustic impact analyses. Pipe support and skid structures often have large flat panels which are very efficient radiators of noise energy, where the sound energy generated by compressors can be emitted into the environment at some distance from the actual energy source. How a pipe is mounted on its supports, and the design of those supports, can have a significant effect on the noise emissions from its support structures.

scholarly journals Emerging Technology for a Green, Sustainable Energy Promising Materials for Hydrogen Storage, from Nanotubes to Graphene—A Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2499
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jastrzębski ◽  
Piotr Kula
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Volumetric Density ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Carbon Based

The energetic and climate crises should pose a challenge for scientists in finding solutions in the field of renewable, green energy sources. Throughout more than two decades, the search for new opportunities in the energy industry made it possible to observe the potential use of hydrogen as an energy source. One of the greatest challenges faced by scientists for the sake of its use as an energy source is designing safe, usable, reliable, and effective forms of hydrogen storage. Moreover, the manner in which hydrogen is to be stored is closely dependent on the potential use of this source of green energy. In stationary use, the aim is to achieve high volumetric density of the container. However, from the point of view of mobile applications, an extremely important aspect is the storage of hydrogen, using lightweight tanks of relatively high density. That is why, a focus of scientists has been put on the use of carbon-based materials and graphene as a perspective solution in the field of H2 storage. This review focuses on the comparison of different methods for hydrogen storage, mainly based on the carbon-based materials and focuses on efficiently using graphene and its different forms to serve a purpose in the future H2-based economy.

Development of the Exhaust Systems Radiation Noise Simulation Technology

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Sakurai ◽  
Masaki Endo ◽  
Fred Perie
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Noise Radiation ◽  
Aeroacoustic Noise ◽  
Noise Simulation ◽  
Exhaust Noise ◽  
Radiation Noise ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of this paper is to present a Finite Element method able to simulate and predict exhaust radiation noise. The simulation takes into account fluid flow pulsation, aeroacoustic noise sources; flow induced structural vibration as well as noise radiation in the far field. All those phenomena are directly calculated in a fully coupled manner. By applying measured values at the model inflow, accurate radiation noise from the exhaust system is obtained. Locations of noise sources as well as mechanisms of noise generation are clarified. The method enables the investigation of exhaust noise radiation at early development stages. The use of semiconductor pressure sensors with 1-MHz sampling as well as Laser Doppler Velocimetry contributed greatly to the measurement accuracy required for the definition of inflow conditions.

scholarly journals WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES AS A SOURCE OF ACOUSTIC IMPACT ON THE POPULATION LIVING IN ADJACENT AREAS

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
E.B. Kuznetzova ◽  
O.I. Kopytenkova ◽  
I.D. Bulavina
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Minimum Distances ◽  
Acoustic Impact ◽  
Waste Incinerators

The paper presents the analysis result of acoustic air pollution in the operation of municipal solid waste, incinerators and waste transportation. The list of hygienically significant noise sources is defined. Minimum distances to ensure compliance with the regulatory requirements for the noise factor are determined.We presented a list of possible measures to reduce noise levels from the activities of enterprises to landfill municipal solid waste, and the destruction of household waste on the example of incinerators. The requirements of hygiene regulations and rules on the need to organize a sanitary protection zone of standard landfills equal to 500 m coincide with the restrictions on the acoustic factor when using 8 or more units of powerful machinery.The acoustic parameters according to the regulatory requirements will be provided at a distance of about 300 m for small landfills for one, two maps, taking into account the movement of vehicles. With the organization of the Sanitary Protection Zone of incinerators equal to 1000 m, the acoustic parameters are not decisive.

Calculating Structural Vibration and Stress from Turbulent Flow Induced Forces

2014 ◽  
pp. 343-356
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Hambric ◽  
Matthew Shaw ◽  
Robert L. Campbell ◽  
Stephen C. Conlon
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Structural Vibration

scholarly journals Simplification of sound-pressure characteristics using narrow flow channels subject with temperature gradient

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 02025
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Kyoden
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Thermoacoustic Engine ◽  
Sound Energy ◽  
Flow Channels ◽  
Mesh Screen ◽  
Steep Temperature Gradient ◽  
Noise Energy ◽  
Made In

A thermoacoustic engine is one of promising system for utilization of unused energy. The object of this paper is to study the system of unused energy, such as heat energy and sound energy in noise using thermoacoustic engine. The thermoacoustic engine is composed of a stack sandwiched by two heat exchangers and tube. The stack has many narrow flow channels and its length for 50 mm. For example, in order to create narrow flow channels, the stack is comprised of wire-mesh screen. When the steep temperature gradient is made in the stack, a self-exited gas oscillation is generated. Thus, heat energy can be converted into sound energy. In this paper, thermoacoustic conversion device applied for noise energy generated from engine plants was presented. The noise has complicated frequency characteristics and low energy density. We demonstrated selective amplification of acoustic pressure only one-frequency in noise by utilization of the technique of thermoacoustic engine. In addition, the other frequencies were attenuated by viscosity dissipation in the stack. Summarizing these results, the simplification and amplified sound was created from complex noise.

Use of Cepstra in Acoustical Signal Analysis

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Lyon ◽  
A. Ordubadi
Keyword(s):  
Signal Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Filtering ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Vibration Transmission ◽  
Transmission Path ◽  
Source Characteristics ◽  
Cepstral Analysis ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
Time And Frequency Domains

Cepstral Analysis is an example of nonlinear filtering that has been applied to extracting the properties of transmission path and source characteristics in acoustics. To see why this is so, we review some of the properties of linear windowing in the time and frequency domains with a view to revealing the limitations that these methods have. We then describe the cepstrum and the conditions under which it can be helpful in separating source and path characteristics. The method is illustrated by describing some applications. Finally, research directions that may help to extend the applicability of cepstral analysis to structural vibration transmission are discussed.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF ACOUSTIC SCREENS OF DIFFERENT DESIGNS

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Oleg G. ORLOV
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Metal Consumption ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Sound Energy ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Complete Absorption ◽  
Absorbing Material ◽  
The Cost

Various sources of noise in cities and ways to combat them are considered. The effi ciency of two types of acoustic screens is analyzed: single-layer and two-and three-layer. The positive and negative characteristics of various designs of existing acoustic screens are listed. A fundamentally new design of the acoustic screen is described: the panels have a ridge profi le, they are located along the vertical axis of the frame with a step at which the panels above the located ridge cover the top of the lower ridge, the outer surfaces of the panels and their end parts are made of a material that has sound-refl ecting properties, and the inner surfaces of the panels are made of sound-absorbing material. Such an acoustic screen is devoid of the disadvantages inherent in acoustic screens of other structures and is more effi cient. The considered invention allows due to the use of the ridge shape of acoustic panels: prevent the refl ection of sound energy in the direction of noise sources (a small part will be directed upwards); provide almost complete absorption of sound energy as it passes through the channels formed by the ridge panels; provide the same effective protection against noise sources located on both sides of the screen; prevent the formation of snow and ice crust on sound-absorbing surfaces, which ensures the constant eff ectiveness of the screen in diff erent seasons of the year; reduce metal consumption, which will reduce the weight of the structure without reducing its effi ciency and reduce the cost of acoustic screens.

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