Effects of Density and Viscosity Measurements Errors at the Pipeline Batch Tracking System

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marais Liebenberg ◽  
David Eduardo G. P. Bueno ◽  
Claudia C. Magalha˜es
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Pipeline Segment ◽  
Measurements Errors ◽  
Flow Simulator ◽  
Product Pipeline

Batch Tracking System (BTS) is commonly found as pipeline operational real time functionality within operator companies’ control room. It tracks batches, offering amongst other information their volumes, positions and Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA). In order to reliably calculate those system outputs, BTS requires operational information like pressures, temperatures and flow rates, elevation profile, as well as some fluid physical properties, being the most important ones density and viscosity. This work aims to track the actual necessity of measuring those variables and to establish their impact on ETA in a 700km long South African multi-product pipeline network. Thus, the flow dynamic was analysed using a commercial pipeline flow simulator, where the network operational scenario was entirely reproduced and then variations of density and viscosity were introduced to track the effects on batches’ ETA, per pipeline segment. As a result of the study, which employed usual refined products such as petrol and Diesel, it was identified: (i) both variables played a relevant role on the ETA estimation requiring to be accurately determined, even though viscosity is the most relevant; (ii) viscosity showed a more predictable behaviour as flow resistance shall take place independently of the elevation profile; (iii) density was highly dependent of the elevation profile; and (iv) the biggest ETA accumulated variation verified was around 128 minutes (due to a variation of –20% in the viscosity value) and the lowest one around 4 minutes (due to a variation of –2% in the density value).

IoT Based Bus Tracking System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 2889-2893
Author(s):  
Miss Payal W. Paratpure
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cloud Server ◽  
Bus Operator ◽  
Gps Device

Tracking of public bus location requires a GPS device to be installed, and lots of bus operators in developing countries don't have such an answer in situ to supply an accurate estimation of bus time of arrival (ETA). Without ETA information, it's very difficult for the overall public to plan their journey effectively. In this paper, implementation of an innovative IOT solution to trace the real time location of buses without requiring the deployment of a GPS device is discussed. It uses Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) proximity beacon to trace the journey of a bus by deploying an Estimate location beacon on the bus. BLE detection devices (Raspberry Pi 4) are installed at selected bus stops along the path to detect the arrival of buses. Once detected, the situation of the bus is submitted to a cloud server to compute the bus ETAs. A field trial is currently being conducted in Johor, Malaysia together with an area bus operator on one single path. Our test results showed that the detection of BLE beacons is extremely accurate and it's feasible to trace the situation of buses without employing a GPS device during a cost-effective way.

Mobile Enabled RFID-GPS Based Bus Tracking System

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Sankaranarayanan ◽  
Paul Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Bus Stops

Public transportation in many countries is being used as a means of transport for travelling and accordingly people would prefer these public transportation to be scheduled properly, on time and the frequency be adequately fixed for commuters to make good use of it. It has been found that quite an amount of research work has been carried out, by way of using RFID technology in the public transportation systems towards the tracking of passengers when they board and exit buses. In addition research has also been carried out in using GPS towards the tracking of buses along with RFID technology at traffic lights, bus stops, intersections etc and also displaying expected arrival times on LCD screen at bus stops along with their current positions. Taking these aspects into consideration, an intelligent mobile bus tracking system for the Jamaican Urban Transport Corporation has been proposed and validated as a case study. The proposed system also enables commuters towards tracking the bus of their choice and also knowing their expected arrival times. So taking the above aspects into consideration, in this research the authors have proposed and validated on how control center of a bus company could track the location of a bus based on information received from RFID reader and GPS Transmitter positioned at various Bus stops and in the Bus and accordingly the expected time of arrival calculated for displaying the information on commuter's handset via Gmap. The implementation of the bus tracking scheme has been carried out using Adobe Flash player and Java.

scholarly journals Improving Cybersafety Maturity of South African Schools

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Elmarie Kritzinger
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Full Compliance ◽  
Compliance Level ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Role Players ◽  
Level 1

This research investigated the current maturity levels of cybersafety in South African schools. The maturity level indicates if schools are prepared to assist relevant role players (teachers and learners) in establishing a cybersafety culture within the school environment. The research study measured the maturity levels of cybersafety in 24 South African schools by evaluating the four main elements that are needed to improve cybersafety within schools. These elements are (1) leadership and policies, (2) infrastructure, (3) education, and (4) standards and inspection. The study used a UK-approved measurement tool (360safe) to measure the cybersafety maturity of schools within South Africa, using five levels of compliance (Level 1: full compliance, to Level 5: no compliance). The data analysis clearly indicated that all the schools that participated in the study had a significantly low level of cybersafety maturity and compliance. Schools are starting to adopt technology as part of their educational and social approach to prepare learners for the future, but there is a clear lack of supporting cybersafety awareness, policies, practices and procedures within South African schools. The research proposed a step-by-step approach involving a ten-phase cybersafety plan to empower schools to create and grow their own cybersafety culture.

scholarly journals HOW NOT TO QUEUE: JUDICIAL SCRUTINY OF THE MPRDA’S QUEUING SYSTEM – AN ANALYSIS OF Aquila Steel (South Africa) Limited v Minister of Mineral Resources (72248/15) [2016] ZAGPPHC 1071 AND LEGISLATIVE CHANGES TO THE QUEUING SYSTEM

Obiter ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heleen van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Queuing System ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
The South ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legislative Changes

The social rules of standing and waiting in a queue do not require explanation. When queuing at the post office, supermarket, or the theatre entrance, it is common knowledge that someone trying to enter the queue at any place but the rear end will cause, to say the least, an unfriendly reaction. Leaving the queue without good reason and without discussing this with the person behind one, may very well lead to losing one’s place in the queue. There are nuances, of course, informed by other important social norms or common decency, such as allowing leniency to queuing decorum for the infirm or disabled; or to be reasonable in allowing someone back into the queue when he/she had to leave for a good reason and with the promise of return, for example, to fetch an ID document accidentally left in the car. Adherence to these rules and norms is an expression of the deeply democratic principle of “ordinality” – something going more commonly by the statement “first-come; first-served”. Very simply, with limited exceptions, the person that is first in the queue must be served first.The “first-come; first-served” principle is not only a social rule of queuing. The notion that priority must be given according to the time of arrival is a manifestation of distributive and procedural justice, and is also “one of the most primitive canons of property jurisprudence”. In South African mining law, the “first-come; first-served” principle is associated with the notion that overlapping applications for a licence to conduct extractive-related activities, must be processed in order of receipt. In the mining context, the application of rules related to queuing and the “first-come; first-served” principle is, of course, more complex in a social setting. The reason for this stems from the different, and at times conflicting, interests that must be taken into account. While a simple application of the “first-come; first-served” principle may benefit individual queuers, the government, for example, may be interested in granting rights to entities that have the best financial and technical skills to exploit a mineral deposit optimally. The government may also be interested in granting rights to entities that are best able to advance the objectives of transformation and equitable access to mineral resources.The decision in Aquila Steel (South Africa) Limited v Minister of Mineral Resources ((72248/15) [2016] ZAGPPHC 1071) presents a striking illustration of the importance of rules related to queuing in the South African mining industry. This illustration is even more vivid, taking into account legislative changes to the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 that were pending at the time of the judgment and that has subsequently taken effect. The judgment and legislative developments, furthermore, illustrate the interrelationship between the “first-come; first-served” principle and the notion of “exclusivity” as understood in the mining context.This case note discusses all aspects of the Aquila Steel judgment, but hones in on its implications for the queuing system in the South African mining context and, in particular, the relationship between the “first-come; first-served” principle and the notion of exclusivity.

scholarly journals A liberalised South African airline industry: Measuring airline total-factor productivity

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Brits
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Airline Industry ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Index Approach ◽  
Proportional Change ◽  
Operational Information

The liberalisation of the South African airline industry through economic deregulation established competitive domestic and international markets. Sustainability of air transport, subject to these liberalisation effects, depends on efficient management information such as total-factor productivity, which necessitates comprehensive financial and operational information. Total-factor productivity in general, however, is not utilised by airlines as a key performance indicator since the measuring thereof is complex and regarded as tedious. Changes in air transport total-factor productivity can be measured in two ways. First, an index approach can be adopted that shows the proportional change in the inputs in relation to a proportional change in output. Secondly, a production function can be determined (econometric approach) that shows a change of productivity as a shift in the production curve. The research on which the article is based, exploited the theory, selection and application of an appropriate approach to determine changes of total-factor productivity of an individual airline to assist/support efficient decisionmaking by management.

Does Operational Efficiency Depend on the Airport’s Size?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshianeo Tracey
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
South African ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Operational Information

This paper presents operational performance analysis using DEA which is short for data envelopment analysis. The study focuses on 9 South African commercial airports. These were divided into different hub groups according to their size. Few airports utilize any type of operational performance indicators for performance evaluation. Operational information such as aircrafts’ landing and take-off movements are some of the important data that can be used. Airport performance measures are necessary for stakeholders such as passengers and day-to-day business operations. The study was limited to only two inputs and two outputs. Outputs being passenger throughput and total air traffic movements. The inputs being hourly runway capacity and public parking bays. After DEA was used to evaluate the efficiency of the airports, statistical analysis was done to identify those airports that dominate others in terms of efficiency.

scholarly journals ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR SCHOOL ROLE PLAYERS IN ADDRESSING CYBER INCIDENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
Naume Sonhera ◽  
◽  
Elmarie Kritzinger ◽  
Marianne Loock ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
School Officials ◽  
Cyber Aggression ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Radar Screen ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Role Players ◽  
School Role

Cyber incidents are causing major challenges for school officials who are called upon to respond to these incidents involving learners, globally. Online threats take place off the radar screen of educators and parents, and this makes it difficult to address cyber incidents in schools and more impossible to monitor off school premises. The overwhelming challenges in South African schools are that there are no clear roles and responsibilities for relevant role-players when handling cyber incidents. Therefore, this article is aimed to determine the responsibilities of role players in handling cyber incidents in South African schools. The research used a qualitative approach and purposive sampling to collect data from the learners, to get their experiences and perceptions on reporting cyber incidents. The rationale for selecting learners was based on the view that cyber aggression is a very concerning issue in the school environment. The research went on to document the responsibilities of various role-players, which include the school with its educators, principal and the learners, the Department of Basic Education, the community, and the parents. The article focused on highlighting the roles and responsibilities of role players when handling cyber incidents in South African Schools and the views of learners on adults when handling cyber incidents. The study concludes that if the role players seriously follow their roles and responsibilities, cyber incidents can be reduced in schools. It is also important to note that role players cannot work in isolation; rather, they need a coordinated approach to share the responsibilities, as cyber incidents are not restricted to the classroom or school grounds. This problem requires all role players to work together, in proactive ways to intervene and reduce cyber incidents.

scholarly journals User experience evaluation for a bus tracking apps in smart campus initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2254-2262
Author(s):  
Norazlina Khamis ◽  
Kelly Kong Kai Li
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
User Evaluation ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
User Experiences ◽  
Campus Environment ◽  
City Bus ◽  
Smart Campus

Satisfying user experience (UX) is one of the major goals for any application. A good UX will contribute to the higher rate adoption of the application itself. With the emergence of IoT, the concept of smart campus is widely being researched and developed. Smart campus initiative is relatively important as the campus can be considered as a small town by utilizing the same IT infrastructure as smart city. Bus tracking system is one of the initiatives in smart campus environment. One of the main issues is to assess the usability of this apps before it can be deployed widely in campus. This paper will discuss the user experiences evaluation using MeCUE technique on UMS HopIn! a bus tracking apps an initiative towards implementation of smart campus in Universiti Malaysia Sabah. The app gives user the real time location of campus buses and the estimated time of arrival (ETA) for each of the buses. Based on user evaluation it has been found that the application has meet within the expectation with most of the requirements has been fulfilled and the good of UX rating. Thus, the same approach can be applied to support the development of any future smart campus initiative.

scholarly journals MATERNAL MORTALITY

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 679-685
Author(s):  
SALMA JABEEN ◽  
BUSHRA S ZAMAN ◽  
AFZAAL AHMED ◽  
SHER-UZ-ZAMAN BHATTI
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Determinants Of Maternal Mortality

Objectives: To estimate maternal mortality ratio (MMR), obstetrical causes and determinants of maternal mortality. Study Design: A descriptive study. Place & Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department at Bahawal Victoria Hospital, affiliated with Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur. This was a 3 years study conducted from January 2006 to December 2008. Patients & Methods: All direct and indirect maternal deaths during pregnancy, labor and perpeurium were included. The patients who expired after arrival were analyzed on specially designed Performa from their hospital records and questions asking from their attendants. The reason for admission, condition at arrival, cause of death and possible factors responsible for death were identified. The other information including age, parity, booking status, gestational age and relevant features of index pregnancy, along with the distance from hospital was recorded on Performa and analyzed by SPSS version 11. Results: There were a total of 21501 deliveries and 19462 live births with 2039 peri-natal moralities. Total 133 maternal deaths occurred during last 3 consecutive years revealed MMR 683 per 100000 live births. Majority of the women who died were un-booked (91%). The highest maternal mortality age group was 20-30 years in which 54.2% deaths were observed. Out of 133 maternal deaths, 21% were primigravida. Obstetrical hemorrhage (44.4%) was the most frequent cause followed by hypertensive disorders (21.8%) & sepsis (15%). There were 33.8% of patients who were brought at compromised stage and 52.6% brought critical, only 13.5% died were stable at the time of arrival at hospital. Conclusions: Obstetrical haemorrhage was the leading cause of maternal deaths. Thisdreadful cause is preventable and manageable if steps are taken in time during antenatal period for risk detection and in postnatal period. Community awareness, training of traditional birth attendants to recognize the severity of disease and importance of being in time and improving referral can reduce the maternal deaths.

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