Evaluation of New In-Ditch Methods for Measurement and Assessment of External Corrosion

New technologies for in-ditch non-destructive evaluation were lately developed and are becoming of mainstream use in the evaluation of external corrosion features for both In-Line-Inspection performance evaluation and pipeline integrity assessment. However, doubt was cast about the reliability and repeatability of these new technologies (hardware and processing software) when compared with those used in the traditional external-corrosion in-ditch measurement and the reliability of the pipeline integrity assessment calculations (PBurst) embedded in their software when compared with industry-wide accepted calculation methods. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to evaluate the variation and repeatability of the measurements produced by these new technologies in corrosion feature profiling and associated PBurst calculations. Two new 3D scanning systems were used for the evaluation of two pipe samples removed from service which contain complex external corrosion features in laboratory. The reliability of the 3D scanning system in measuring corrosion profiles was evaluated against traditional profile gage data. In addition, the associated burst pressures reported by the systems were compared with results obtained using industry-widely used calculation methods. Also, consistencies, errors and gaps in results were identified. In this paper, the approach used for this study is described first, the evaluation results are then presented and finally the findings and their implications are discussed.

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Image binarization method for markers tracking in extreme light conditions

Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering ◽

10.3233/ica-210674 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Milan Ćurković ◽

Andrijana Ćurković ◽

Damir Vučina

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

3D Scanning ◽

Scanning System ◽

Image Size ◽

Image Binarization ◽

Basic Part ◽

Binarization Algorithm ◽

Binarization Method ◽

Scanning Systems ◽

Time Image

Image binarization is one of the fundamental methods in image processing and it is mainly used as a preprocessing for other methods in image processing. We present an image binarization method with the primary purpose to find markers such as those used in mobile 3D scanning systems. Handling a mobile 3D scanning system often includes bad conditions such as light reflection and non-uniform illumination. As the basic part of the scanning process, the proposed binarization method successfully overcomes the above problems and does it successfully. Due to the trend of increasing image size and real-time image processing we were able to achieve the required small algorithmic complexity. The paper outlines a comparison with several other methods with a focus on objects with markers including the calibration system plane of the 3D scanning system. Although it is obvious that no binarization algorithm is best for all types of images, we also give the results of the proposed method applied to historical documents.

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OP107 The Stakeholder Involvement Strategy For Horizon Scanning In Korea

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s0266462318001368 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (S1) ◽

pp. 40-40

Author(s):

Jooyeon Park ◽

Eunjung Park ◽

Chaemin Shin

Keyword(s):

Social Impact ◽

New Technologies ◽

Stakeholder Involvement ◽

Scanning System ◽

Final Report ◽

Health Technologies ◽

Horizon Scanning ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Scanning Systems ◽

Horizon Scanning System

Introduction:As science advances the number of newly developed health technologies increases, but the lifecycles of health technologies becomes shorter. Thus, the importance of horizon scanning systems for identifying promising new health technologies and evaluating their potential impact is increasing. Engaging and collecting opinions from various stakeholders in this search process is very important. The purpose of this study was to develop a strategy for involving various stakeholders in all steps of the horizon scanning system in Korea.Methods:The horizon scanning system consists of five steps: identification, filtration, prioritization, assessment, and dissemination. We identified the stakeholders to be considered at each stage, and examined who would be involved and how. In addition, we planned how to synthesize and apply stakeholder opinions and to test the feasibility of these methods by using them in a horizon scanning system.Results:In the identification stage, developers, health professionals, and consumers suggested new and emerging health technologies to investigate. In the filtration stage, the person in charge of licensing judged the technologies based on appropriateness, innovativeness, and potential of market entry. In the prioritization phase, experts from eight to ten related fields (clinical, health technology and drugs, policy, methodology, patient organizations, etc.) participated and judged the technologies according to seven criteria (burden of disease, clinical impact, innovativeness, economic impact, acceptability, social impact, and evidence). In the assessment stage, between one and four clinical and methodological experts assessed the potential impact of the selected promising health technologies using seven evaluation items (unmet needs, improved patient health, health equity, change in medical behaviors, acceptability with respect to the patient and clinical condition, change in medical costs, and social, ethical, political, and cultural aspects). Before its dissemination, the final report was delivered to relevant industries for feedback (with particular emphasis on accuracy of data on the technology).Conclusions:There are many stakeholders in the horizon scanning system for new and emerging health technologies, depending on the healthcare system, policy, environment, etc. This study confirmed that stakeholder opinions on new technologies can vary. In addition, standards of social value judgment may change over time. It is therefore very important for horizon scanning systems to engage various stakeholders, collect their opinions, and make rational scientific decisions.

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Improvement of ENEA Laser Induced Fluorescence prototypes: an intercalibration between an hyperspectral and a multispectral scanning system

ACTA IMEKO ◽

10.21014/acta_imeko.v10i1.822 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Maria Federica Caso ◽

Luisa Caneve ◽

Valeria Spizzichino

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Spectra ◽

Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽

Spectroscopic Technique ◽

Scanning System ◽

Imaging Data ◽

Rapid Acquisition ◽

Calibration Samples ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Scanning Systems

Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) is a well-recognized spectroscopic technique in cultural heritage for non-destructive surface chemical analysis. It is particularly suitable for in situ analysis on delicate targets as artworks, because it does not need any sample preparation nor contact, working remotely also where only optical access is available. Recently ENEA has developed two LIF prototypes with multispectral (Forlab) and hyperspectral (Lifart) scanning systems, that return different typologies of results, making them necessary and dependent each other. In fact, Forlab permits by its motorized optics the rapid acquisition of fluorescence maps and images of large surfaces in specific spectral wavelengths, while Lifart returns complete fluorescence spectra, giving a complete spectral information of an object. In this paper the intercalibration of two systems is reported, with the data analysis of calibration samples and a software to automatically correct imaging data, that take into account Forlab filters bandpasses and optical efficiencies, in order to make these two configurations as much as possible comparable. The new correcting algorithm was also tested on LIF measurements carried out on an Egyptian casket and sarcophagus, obtaining higher quality fluorescence images.

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Advanced Acoustic Micro Imaging Applications: Deciphering Multiple Acoustic Echoes and Reflections

ISTFA 2004: Conference Proceedings from the 30th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2004p0376 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew J. Komrowski ◽

Luis A. Curiel ◽

Daniel J. D. Sullivan ◽

Quang Nguyen ◽

Lisa Logan-Willams

Keyword(s):

Failure Analysis ◽

Case Studies ◽

New Technologies ◽

Electronic Packages ◽

Advanced Packaging ◽

Ic Package ◽

Non Destructive

Abstract The acquisition of reliable Acoustic Micro Images (AMI) are an essential non-destructive step in the Failure Analysis (FA) of electronic packages. Advanced packaging and new IC materials present challenges to the collection of reliable AMI signals. The AMI is complicated due to new technologies that utilize an increasing number of interfaces in ICs and packages. We present two case studies in which it is necessary to decipher the acoustic echoes from the signals generated by the interface of interest in order to acquire trustworthy information about the IC package.

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Online Publication of Monuments

The Oxford Handbook of Egyptian Epigraphy and Paleography ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190604653.013.24 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 355-369

Author(s):

Willeke Wendrich

Keyword(s):

Peer Review ◽

3D Modeling ◽

Online Publication ◽

New Technologies ◽

3D Scanning ◽

Architectural Drawings ◽

3D Gis ◽

Unity 3D ◽

Long Term Preservation

This chapter outlines the advantages of digital epigraphy in the context of the original monuments. It analyzes the perception of epigraphic publication of monuments, taking into account new technologies. 3DVR models can be created using architectural drawings and measurements (CAD and 3D modeling), 3D scanning, and Structure for Motion (SfM). These systems present different advantages and challenges, which are discussed. Current options for publication include VSim, 3D GIS, and Unity 3D platforms. The issues of peer review of publications and long-term preservation of data are addressed. The chapter concludes with a consideration of the issue of potentially misleading impressions given by 3DVR representations.

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Fine pottery shaping techniques in Predynastic Egypt: A pilot study on non-destructive analysis using an X-Ray CT scanning system

Journal of Archaeological Science Reports ◽

10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.102989 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. 102989

Author(s):

Keita Takenouchi ◽

Kyoko Yamahana

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Ct Scanning ◽

Scanning System ◽

X Ray ◽

Destructive Analysis ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Predynastic Egypt

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Modular MA-XRF Scanner Development in the Multi-Analytical Characterisation of a 17th Century Azulejo from Portugal

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21051913 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1913

Author(s):

Sergio Augusto Barcellos Lins ◽

Marta Manso ◽

Pedro Augusto Barcellos Lins ◽

Antonio Brunetti ◽

Armida Sodo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monte Carlo ◽

Monte Carlo Simulations ◽

17Th Century ◽

Scanning System ◽

X Ray ◽

Portable Instruments ◽

Complementary Techniques ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Suitable Technique ◽

Cobalt Blue

A modular X-ray scanning system was developed, to fill in the gap between portable instruments (with a limited analytical area) and mobile instruments (with large analytical areas, and sometimes bulky and difficult to transport). The scanner has been compared to a commercial tabletop instrument, by analysing a Portuguese tile (azulejo) from the 17th century. Complementary techniques were used to achieve a throughout characterisation of the sample in a complete non-destructive approach. The complexity of the acquired X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectra, due to inherent sample stratigraphy, has been resolved using Monte Carlo simulations, and Raman spectroscopy, as the most suitable technique to complement the analysis of azulejos colours, yielding satisfactory results. The colouring agents were identified as cobalt blue and a Zn-modified Naples-yellow. The stratigraphy of the area under study was partially modelled with Monte Carlo simulations. The scanners performance has been compared by evaluating the images outputs and the global spectrum.

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Integrity Assessment of Non-Piggable Pipeline Through Direct Assessment

ASME 2013 India Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference ◽

10.1115/iogpc2013-9835 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Jai Prakash Sah ◽

Mohammad Tanweer Akhter

Keyword(s):

Hydrostatic Pressure ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Stress Corrosion ◽

Health Assessment ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Pipeline System ◽

Internal Corrosion ◽

Integrity Assessment ◽

Direct Assessment ◽

External Corrosion

Managing the integrity of pipeline system is the primary goal of every pipeline operator. To ensure the integrity of pipeline system, its health assessment is very important and critical for ensuring safety of environment, human resources and its assets. In long term, managing pipeline integrity is an investment to asset protection which ultimately results in cost saving. Typically, the health assessment to managing the integrity of pipeline system is a function of operational experience and corporate philosophy. There is no single approach that can provide the best solution for all pipeline system. Only a comprehensive, systematic and integrated integrity management program provides the means to improve the safety of pipeline systems. Such programme provides the information for an operator to effectively allocate resources for appropriate prevention, detection and mitigation activities that will result in improved safety and a reduction in the number of incidents. Presently GAIL (INDIA) LTD. is operating & maintaining approximately 10,000Kms of natural gas/RLNG/LPG pipeline and HVJ Pipeline is the largest pipeline network of India which transports more than 50% of total gas being consumed in this country. HVJ pipeline system consists of more than 4500 Kms of pipeline having diameter range from 04” to 48”, which consist of piggable as well as non-piggable pipeline. Though, lengthwise non-piggable pipeline is very less but their importance cannot be ignored in to the totality because of their critical nature. Typically, pipeline with small length & connected to dispatch terminal are non-piggable and these pipelines are used to feed the gas to the consumer. Today pipeline industries are having three different types of inspection techniques available for inspection of the pipeline. 1. Inline inspection 2. Hydrostatic pressure testing 3. Direct assessment (DA) Inline inspection is possible only for piggable pipeline i.e. pipeline with facilities of pig launching & receiving and hydrostatic pressure testing is not possible for the pipeline under continuous operation. Thus we are left with direct assessment method to assess health of the non-piggable pipelines. Basically, direct assessment is a structured multi-step evaluation method to examine and identify the potential problem areas relating to internal corrosion, external corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking using ICDA (Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment), ECDA (External Corrosion Direct Assessment) and SCCDA (Stress Corrosion Direct Assessment). All the above DA is four steps iterative method & consist of following steps; a. Pre assessment b. Indirect assessment c. Direct assessment d. Post assessment Considering the importance of non-piggable pipeline, integrity assessment of following non piggable pipeline has done through direct assessment method. 1. 30 inch dia pipeline of length 0.6 km and handling 18.4 MMSCMD of natural gas 2. 18 inch dia pipeline of length 3.65 km and handling 4.0 MMSCMD of natural gas 3. 12 inch dia pipeline of length 2.08 km and handling 3.4 MMSCMD of natural gas In addition to ICDA, ECDA & SCCDA, Long Range Ultrasonic Thickness (LRUT-a guided wave technology) has also been carried out to detect the metal loss at excavated locations observed by ICDA & ECDA. Direct assessment survey for above pipelines has been conducted and based on the survey; high consequence areas have been identified. All the high consequence area has been excavated and inspected. No appreciable corrosion and thickness loss have observed at any area. However, pipeline segments have been identified which are most vulnerable and may have corrosion in future.

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