Development of Pipeline Leak Detection Technologies

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Andy Hoffman ◽  
Adrian Kane ◽  
John Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Leak Detection ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Volume Balance ◽  
New Development ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
Detection Technologies ◽  
Made In

New development continues in pipeline leak detection technologies in order to meet the increasing demand of the oil, gas, chemical and water industry. After a review of the available technologies, this paper discusses the advances made in two key technologies: statistical volume balance and negative pressure wave. Some application examples in brine, multi-product and crude oil pipelines are presented to demonstrate the improvement in leak detection sensitivity and location accuracy.

Synergy in Leak Detection: Combining Leak Detection Technologies That Use Different Physical Principles

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Y. Han ◽  
Mark S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Pressure Wave ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Wave System ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Volume Balance ◽  
Product Withdrawal ◽  
Negative Pressure Wave ◽  
Detection Technologies

Different leak detection technologies offer different benefits and limitations. Popular options include real-time transient models, statistical volume balance analysis and negative pressure wave systems. Atmos offers a combination of different systems to improve the leak detection performance on a pipeline. This paper outlines the very successful integration of a Statistical Volume Balance System and a Negative Pressure Wave System on a crude oil pipeline. The live product withdrawal tests demonstrated that the combined system maximized the reliability, detection speed, location accuracy and sensitivity of the overall leak detection system. This paper will examine the benefits and technical challenges of combining these two leak detection technologies. The integrated solution delivers the reliability and robustness of the Statistical Volume Balance System together with the rapid response time and location accuracy of the Negative Pressure Wave System. The field application of the two systems integrated on a 170 kilometer crude oil pipeline will be explained in detail, along with the results of some actual controlled product withdrawal tests on the pipeline.

New Development in High Efficiency Deep Grinding

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre D. L. Batako ◽  
Valery V. Kuzin ◽  
Brian Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
New Development ◽  
Cutting Processes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

High Efficiency Deep Grinding (HEDG) has been known to secure high removal rates in grinding processes at high wheel speed, relatively large depth of cut and moderately high work speed. High removal rates in HEDG are associated with very efficient grinding and secure very low specific energy comparable to conventional cutting processes. Though there exist HEDG-enabled machine tools, the wide spread of HEDG has been very limited due to the requirement for the machine tool and process design to ensure workpiece surface integrity. HEDG is an aggressive machining process that requires an adequate selection of grinding parameters in order to be successful within a given machine tool and workpiece configuration. This paper presents progress made in the development of a specialised HEDG machine. Results of HEDG processes obtained from the designed machine tool are presented to illustrate achievable high specific removal rates. Specific grinding energies are shown alongside with measured contact arc temperatures. An enhanced single-pole thermocouple technique was used to measure the actual contact temperatures in deep cutting. The performance of conventional wheels is depicted together with the performance of a CBN wheel obtained from actual industrial tests.

scholarly journals Leak Detection Systems for Short Pipelines

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Martins Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Transient Model ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Volume Balance ◽  
Pipeline Networks ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Flow Detection

This paper describes procedures developed by PETROBRAS Research & Development Center to assess a software-based leak detection system (LDS) for short pipelines. These so-called “Low Complexity Pipelines” are short pipeline segments with single-phase liquid flow. Detection solutions offered by service companies are frequently designed for large pipeline networks, with batches and multiple injections and deliveries. Such solutions are sometimes impractical for short pipelines, due to high cost, long tuning procedures, complex instrumentation and substantial computing requirements. The approach outlined here is a corporate approach that optimizes a LDS for shorter lines. The two most popular implemented techniques are the Compensated Volume Balance (CVB), and the Real Time Transient Model (RTTM). The first approach is less accurate, reliable and robust when compared to the second. However, it can be cheaper, simpler, faster to install and very effective, being marginally behind the second one, and very cost-efective. This paper describes a procedure to determine whether one can use a CVB in a short pipeline.

scholarly journals MoIncreasing The Efficiency of the Systems of Overhead Oil Pipelines Equipped with Electric Heating

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
A. K. Nikolaev ◽  
◽  
N. A. Zaripova ◽  
V. V. Pshenin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Robotic Device ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
Technical Solutions

Nowadays, there are several technical solutions for remote monitoring of the parameters of pipelines in thermal insulation. The analysis of such solutions is presented in the article. The authors proposed an algorithm for calculating the pressure drop in a stopped pipeline, suitable for determining leaks. The value of the algorithm increase due to the possibility of its use for calculating the parameters of hydrotesting in conditions of significant temperature differences. This implies the possibility of integrating the obtained relationships into parametric leak detection systems. The article also considers different proposals for increasing the efficiency of using pipelines equipped with SKIN systems. The authors proposed a diagnostic robotic device capable of overcoming complex sections of SKIN systems, as well as monitoring the system along its entire length.

Establishing a Detection Threshold for Acoustic-Based External Leak Detection Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Bussière ◽  
Mark Stephens ◽  
Marzie Derakhshesh ◽  
Yue Cheng ◽  
Lorne Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Threshold ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Threshold Measure ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Very High

Abstract A better understanding of the sensitivity threshold of external leak detection systems can assist pipeline operators in predicting detection performance for a range of possible leak scenarios, thereby helping them to make more informed decisions regarding procurement and deployment of such systems. The analysis approach described herein was developed to characterize the leak detection sensitivity of select fiber optic cable-based systems that employ Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS). The detection sensitivity analysis consisted of two steps. The first step involved identifying a suitable release parameter capable of providing a defensible basis for defining detection sensitivity; the second step involved the application of logistic regression analysis to characterize detection sensitivity as a function of the chosen release parameter. The detection sensitivity analysis described herein provides a means by which to quantitatively determine the leak detection sensitivity threshold for each technology and sensor deployment position evaluated in a set of full-scale tests. The chosen sensitivity threshold measure was the release parameter value associated with release events having a 90% probability of being detected. Thresholds associated with a higher probability level of 95% were also established for comparison purposes. The calculated sensitivity thresholds can be interpreted to mean that release events associated with release parameter values above the sensitivity threshold have a very high likelihood (either 90 or 95%) of being detected.

The potential for geothermal lithium in Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierfranco Lattanzi ◽  
Andrea Dini ◽  
Giovanni Ruggieri ◽  
Eugenio Trumpy
Keyword(s):  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
High Enthalpy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Deep Reservoir ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Made In

<p>Italy has never been a lithium (Li) producer, and the potential for “hard rock” deposits is moderate at best. On the other hand, the increasing demand for Li-based rechargeable batteries fostered new interest in this metal, and prompted the quest for alternative resources. The extraction of Li from geothermal brines (“geothermal lithium”) is currently considered in several countries, including, in Europe, France, Germany, and UK (EGEC, 2020).</p><p>Italy has vast geothermal resources, and there is a potential for “geothermal lithium” as well. A preliminary survey of literature data pointed out several occurrences of fluids with Li contents up to hundreds of mg/L. Among high-enthalpy fluids, we point out those of Cesano, Mofete, and Latera. At Cesano, geothermal fluids contain about 350 mg/L lithium (Calamai et al., 1976). Early studies conducted in the past century (Pauwels et al., 1990) suggested the feasibility of lithium recovery from these fluids. Even higher contents (480 mg/L) occur in the deep reservoir at Mofete (Guglielminetti, 1986), whereas fluids in the shallow and intermediate reservoir in the same field contain 28 to 56 mg/L. Geothermal fluids at Latera have somewhat lower contents (max 13.5 mg/L; Gianelli and Scandiffio, 1989). Several low-enthalpy thermal waters in Emilia-Romagna, Sardinia, Sicily and Tuscany also show significant (> 1 mg/L) Li contents (max 96 mg/L at Salsomaggiore; Boschetti et al., 2011). There are no published Li data for high-enthalpy fluids at Larderello; however, evidence of Li-rich fluids was found in fluid inclusions in hydrothermal minerals (Cathelineau et al., 1994). Moreover, the shallow (ca. 3.5 km) granitoid body underlying the field contains a Li-rich (about 1,000 ppm) biotite (A. Dini, unpublished data); it has been estimated that such rock may contain as much as 500 g Li per cubic meter.</p><p> </p><p>References</p><p>Boschetti T., et al. - Aquat Geochem (2011) 17:71–108</p><p>Calamai A., et al. <strong>- </strong>Proc. U.N. Symp. Development Use Geotherm. Energy, S. Francisco, USA (1976), 305-313</p><p>Cathelineau M., et al. – Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta (1994) 58: 1083-1099</p><p>EGEC (European Geothermal Council). https://www.egec.org/time-to-invest-in-clean-geothermal-lithium-made-in-europe/. Accessed December 2, 2020.</p><p>Gianelli G., Scandiffio G. - Geothermics (1989) 18: 447-463</p><p>Guglielminetti M. - Geothermics (1986) 15: 781-790</p><p>Pauwels H., et al. - Proc. 12th New Zealand Geothermal Workshop (1990), 117-123</p>

Clean Energy Goals Driving Utilities to Accelerate Pipeline Replacements and Leak Detection Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Estelle Mangeney ◽  
Ashish Mohan Tiwari ◽  
Shreyas Vangala
Keyword(s):  
Clean Energy ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Detection Technologies

“Good versus Good Enough?” Empirical Tests of Methane Leak Detection Sensitivity of a Commercial Infrared Camera

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 2368-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind P. Ravikumar ◽  
Jingfan Wang ◽  
Mike McGuire ◽  
Clay S. Bell ◽  
Daniel Zimmerle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Empirical Tests

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Pipeline Monitoring and Oil Leakage Detection Technologies: Principles and Approaches

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutiu Adesina Adegboye ◽  
Wai-Keung Fung ◽  
Aditya Karnik
Keyword(s):  
Leak Detection ◽  
Leakage Detection ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Pipeline Networks ◽  
Pipeline Failure ◽  
Pipeline Monitoring ◽  
Detection Technologies ◽  
Open Issues

Pipelines are widely used for the transportation of hydrocarbon fluids over millions of miles all over the world. The structures of the pipelines are designed to withstand several environmental loading conditions to ensure safe and reliable distribution from point of production to the shore or distribution depot. However, leaks in pipeline networks are one of the major causes of innumerable losses in pipeline operators and nature. Incidents of pipeline failure can result in serious ecological disasters, human casualties and financial loss. In order to avoid such menace and maintain safe and reliable pipeline infrastructure, substantial research efforts have been devoted to implementing pipeline leak detection and localisation using different approaches. This paper discusses pipeline leakage detection technologies and summarises the state-of-the-art achievements. Different leakage detection and localisation in pipeline systems are reviewed and their strengths and weaknesses are highlighted. Comparative performance analysis is performed to provide a guide in determining which leak detection method is appropriate for particular operating settings. In addition, research gaps and open issues for development of reliable pipeline leakage detection systems are discussed.

Dynamic Modelling and Real-Time Leak Detection for NGL Pipelines

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent R. Young ◽  
J. Greg Cooke ◽  
Ron E. Daye ◽  
William Y. Svrcek
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Volume Balance ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Dynamic Simulation Model ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
Real Time Information

This paper describes the development and use of a dynamic simulation model and the implementation of a novel leak detection system. Experiences from the implementation and operation of the system will also be detailed from a user perspective. The dynamic model may be used for the transient simulation of the pipelines. The model was used to test the real-time leak detection system. The results of the simulation also prompted a change in the control scheme of the pipelines that resulted in less transient operation. The leak detection system is based upon rigorous thermodynamics and dynamic mass balance calculations driven by real-time information from field flow, pressure and temperature sensors. This system was successfully implemented to replace a simple volume balance system for NGL pipelines near Empress, Alberta.

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