Management of Broken Rail Risk for High Speed Passenger Rail

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan M. Zarembski
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Inspection Scheduling ◽  
Rail Service ◽  
Research Studies

The issue of broken rail risk has been of major concern to railways worldwide, to include passenger and freight railways. Broken rail derailments on high speed passenger operations are of particular concern, as depicted by the consequences of the 2000 Hatfield derailment in the UK. Research studies have shown that the risk of broken rail derailments is directly related to the rate of rail defect development and the associated relationship between service defects and detected defects. This paper examines the relationship between rail defects and broken rail derailments together with techniques used to reduce the risk of these broken rail derailments. Specifically, the paper focuses on the relationship between all defects, service defects and derailments and examines the effect on improved inspection, either through improved inspection technology or improved inspection scheduling, on reducing rail service defects and associated derailments. The paper also examines the levels of broken rail risk that have been found on freight and passenger systems in North America and Europe and provides guidelines for the range of broken rail risk that has been found effective.

Beyond evidence-based policy and practice

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
Mike Fisher
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Social Work Research ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper concerns the impact of social work research, particularly on practice and practitioners. It explores the politics of research and how this affects practice, the way that university-based research understands practice, and some recent developments in establishing practice research as an integral and permanent part of the research landscape. While focusing on implications for the UK, it draws on developments in research across Europe, North America and Australasia to explore how we can improve the relationship between research and practice.

Amtrak Acela: The Challenge of High-Speed Passenger Rail Service

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Benson ◽  
Jessica Hermo ◽  
James S. O’Rourke
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Rail Service

scholarly journals Comparative Study of High-Speed Passenger Rail Deployment in Megaregion Corridors: Current Experiences and Future Opportunities

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevara Melibaeva ◽  
Joseph Sussman ◽  
Travis P. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
International Experiences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rail Service

Deployment of high-speed passenger rail services has occurred around the world in densely-populated corridors, often with the effect of either creating or enhancing a unified economic “megaregion” agglomeration. This paper will review the technical characteristics of a variety of megaregion corridors, including Japan (Tokyo-Osaka), France (Paris-Lyon), and Germany (Frankfurt-Cologne), and their economic impacts. There are many lessons to be drawn from the deployment and ongoing operation of high-speed passenger rail service in these corridors for other countries now considering similar projects, such as the US and parts of the European Union. First, we will review three international cases, describing the physical development of each corridor as well as its measured impacts on economic development. In each case, the travel time reductions of the high-speed service transformed the economic boundaries of the urban agglomerations, integrating labor and consumer markets, while often simultaneously raising concerns about the balance of growth within the region. Moreover, high-speed travel within the regions has had important implications for the modes and patterns of travel beyond the region, particularly with respect to long-distance air travel. An example is the code-shared rail-air service between DeutscheBahn and Lufthansa in the Frankfurt-Cologne corridor. Next, we will examine the implications of these international experiences for high-speed rail deployment elsewhere in the world, particularly the US and Portugal, one of the EU countries investing in high-speed rail. Issues considered include the suitability of high-speed passenger rail service in existing megaregions as well as the potential for formation of megaregions in other corridors. By understanding the impact of high-speed passenger service on economic growth, labor markets, urban form, and the regional distribution of economic activity, planners can better anticipate and prepare countermeasures for any negative effects of high-speed rail. Examples of countermeasures include complementary investments in urban and regional transit connections and cooperation with airlines and other transportation service operators. High-speed passenger rail represents a substantial investment whose implementation and ultimate success depends on a wide range of factors. Among them is the ability of planners and decision-makers to make a strong case for the sharing of benefits across a broad geography, both within and beyond the megaregion (and potential megaregion) corridors where service is most likely to be provided. This paper provides some useful lessons based on international experiences.

Applying the European High-Speed Rail Experience to North America

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Lehlbach ◽  
David T. Hunt ◽  
Kevin M. Foy ◽  
Rodney E. Case
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Partnership Model ◽  
The North ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Partnership Approach

Driven by a range of factors, there is growing interest in highspeed passenger rail (HSR) and intercity passenger rail (IPR) in North America. A valuable source of information on the cooperation needed to make these services viable in North America is European experience with HSR/IPR, which extends over many decades. North American owners and operators can learn much from Europe with regard to operating dense, mixed-use corridors: Using a “partnership” model, European rail operators have found that when incremental demand for freight and passenger markets are considered together, networks can be expanded faster and further. In North America, a similar partnership approach to capital and strategic planning has already shown huge benefits, for example, in the development of the highly regarded Capital Corridor passenger service in California and in infrastructure improvements on Canadian National’s Kingston subdivision that allow VIA Rail to provide 100–125 mph train service. Through an analysis of current passenger/freight cooperation in Europe, and the examination of HSR/IPR developments and trends in North America, we aim in this paper to illustrate how benefits can be achieved for all stakeholders in the North American rail system as passenger services expand.

When is High-Speed Rail Fast Enough?

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth G. Sislak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Hampton Roads ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Rail Service

The vision for high-speed rail in America includes corridors that are “emerging” as candidates for investment in passenger rail service improvements including increasing maximum authorized speeds to 90 and 110 mph. Will increasing speeds up to 110 mph be cost effective in terms of attracting new riders? This paper will explore the results of studies examining incremental capital costs and the marginal ridership and revenue increases in the Richmond – Hampton Roads passenger rail project and other current emerging high-speed rail corridors throughout the United States.

Planning Capacity Improvements in the Chicago – Milwaukee – Madison Rail Corridor Using the Rail Traffic Controller (RTC) Rail Operations Simulation Model

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Tobias ◽  
David House ◽  
Randy Wade
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Wisconsin Department ◽  
Commuter Rail ◽  
Canadian Pacific Railway ◽  
Planning Capacity ◽  
Rail Service ◽  
Rail Traffic

The Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) contracted HNTB Corporation (HNTB) to utilize the Rail Traffic Controller™ (RTC™) computer simulation software developed by Berkeley Simulation Software to analyze the rail capacity requirements for high speed (110 mph maximum) Chicago to Milwaukee to Madison passenger rail service. The purpose of this study was to determine whether sufficient capacity exists in the corridor to accommodate the projected growth in intercity passenger rail service as well as growth in freight and commuter rail service. Where capacity constraints were identified, the model was also used to evaluate the benefits of proposed infrastructure improvements. HNTB and WisDOT worked with Illinois DOT, the Canadian Pacific Railway, Metra and Amtrak to identify and test rail improvements that will provide sufficient capacity for projected future high speed, commuter and freight rail services in the corridor. The modeling results are shown through string lines and tables comparing the impacts of each case on the performance of each type of train. Metrics used include: • Average speeds. • Delay minutes per 100 miles. • On Time Performance (for passenger trains). RTC is a very useful tool for the simulation of current and proposed rail operations. It has helped identify bottlenecks and analyze the effectiveness of proposed improvements. The model results from this study are a critical component in WisDOT’s negotiations with CP over the extent and location of capacity improvements for high speed operations. The RTC model output also supported WisDOT’s application for federal stimulus funding for the corridor improvements.

Customers' Reactions to the Introduction of High-Speed Rail Service

2005 ◽  
Vol 1916 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Sunduck Daniel Suh ◽  
Keun-Yul Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Rail Systems ◽  
Rail Service ◽  
Rail Travel

Korean Train Express (KTX) of South Korea introduced high-speed commercial rail service on April 1, 2004. It currently has two lines covering 661.1 km (413.2 mi), and its trains achieve speeds of 300 km/h (186 mph). KTX's offering represents the first phase of a scheduled two-phase introduction due to be completed in 2010. This paper documents the service changes of external transportation operators during the first 3 months of KTX operation and details the initial reactions of KTX customers. KTX reduced rail travel time between major cities by almost half. By offering 128 daily services, it increased seat supply by 33% among the major cities and increased revenue by nearly 100% for the Seoul–Busan line, as compared with the same April–June period the previous year. KTX achieved one million passengers in 14 days and 10 million passengers in 142 days of operation. Although these numbers are significant, they represent only about half the demand forecasted. Three major causes of this discrepancy are an inability to provide fully implemented KTX services, low Korean economic activity, and a degraded level of service on conventional passenger rail systems. The expected service level of passengers and the initial marketing strategies used appear to have negatively affected the successful introduction of KTX. However, demand trends show continued increases after the initial response. As a whole, KTX strengthened the viability of Korean rail travel and is expected to contribute to the building of a more balanced national transportation system.

Thromboplastin Related Differences in the Determination of International Normalised Ratio: A Cause for Concern?

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (03) ◽  
pp. 426-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kitchen ◽  
I D Walker ◽  
T A L Woods ◽  
F E Preston
Keyword(s):  
Patient Management ◽  
External Quality Assessment ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Warfarin Dosage ◽  
External Quality ◽  
External Quality Assessment Scheme ◽  
International Normalised Ratio ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryWhen the International Normalised Ratio (INR) is used for control of oral anticoagulant therapy the same result should be obtained irrespective of the laboratory reagent used. However, in the UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme (NEQAS) for Blood Coagulation INRs determined using different reagents have been significantly different.For 18 NEQAS samples Manchester Reagent (MR) was associated with significantly lower INRs than those obtained using Diagen Activated (DA, p = 0.0004) or Instrumentation Laboratory PT-Fib HS (IL, p = 0.0001). Mean INRs for this group were 3.15, 3.61, and 3.65 for MR, DA, and IL respectively. For 61 fresh samples from warfarin-ised patients with INRs of greater than 3.0 the relationship between thromboplastins in respect of INR was similar to that observed for NEQAS data. Thus INRs obtained with MR were significantly lower than with DA or IL (p <0.0001). Mean INRs for this group were 4.01, 4.40, and 4.59 for MR, DA, and IL respectively.We conclude that the differences between INRs measured with the thromboplastins studied here are sufficiently great to influence patient management through warfarin dosage schedules, particularly in the upper therapeutic range of INR. There is clearly a need to address the issues responsible for the observed discrepancies.

Researching (with) Major Food Retailers

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Evans
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Major Food ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Food Retailer ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

This paper considers the relationship between social science and the food industry, and it suggests that collaboration can be intellectually productive and morally rewarding. It explores the middle ground that exists between paid consultancy models of collaboration on the one hand and a principled stance of nonengagement on the other. Drawing on recent experiences of researching with a major food retailer in the UK, I discuss the ways in which collaborating with retailers can open up opportunities for accessing data that might not otherwise be available to social scientists. Additionally, I put forward the argument that researchers with an interest in the sustainability—ecological or otherwise—of food systems, especially those of a critical persuasion, ought to be empirically engaging with food businesses. I suggest that this is important in terms of generating better understandings of the objectionable arrangements that they seek to critique, and in terms of opening up conduits through which to affect positive changes. Cutting across these points is the claim that while resistance to commercial engagement might be misguided, it is nevertheless important to acknowledge the power-geometries of collaboration and to find ways of leveling and/or leveraging them. To conclude, I suggest that universities have an important institutional role to play in defining the terms of engagement as well as maintaining the boundaries between scholarship and consultancy—a line that can otherwise become quite fuzzy when the worlds of commerce and academic research collide.

Predictive Failure Analysis of Solder Joints with Simultaneous High Speed EBSD and EDS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lindsay ◽  
P. Trimby ◽  
J. Goulden ◽  
S. McCracken ◽  
R. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Bond Failure ◽  
Microstructural Parameters ◽  
Snpb Solder ◽  
Grain Orientations ◽  
Accelerated Thermal Cycling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

Abstract The results presented here show how high-speed simultaneous EBSD and EDS can be used to characterize the essential microstructural parameters in SnPb solder joints with high resolution and precision. Analyses of both intact and failed solder joints have been carried out. Regions of strain localization that are not apparent from the Sn and Pb phase distribution are identified in the intact bond, providing key insights into the mechanism of potential bond failure. In addition, EBSD provides a wealth of quantitative detail such as the relationship between parent Sn grain orientations and Pb coarsening, the morphology and distribution of IMCs on a sub-micron scale and accurate grain size information for all phases within the joint. Such analyses enable a better understanding of the microstructural developments leading up to failure, opening up the possibility of improved accelerated thermal cycling (ATC) testing and better quality control.

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