Multi-Functional 3D Curvilinear Self-Folding of Glassy Polymers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Gyeong Lee ◽  
Sukyoung Won ◽  
Jeong Eun Park ◽  
Jeong Jae Wie
Keyword(s):  
Light Absorption ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strain Engineering ◽  
Local Deformation ◽  
Glassy Polymers ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Shape Morphing ◽  
Curvilinear Structures ◽  
External Stimuli

Abstract The selective light absorption of pre-stretched thermoplastic polymeric films enables wireless photothermal shape morphing from two-dimensional Euclidean geometry of films to three-dimensional (3D) curvilinear architectures. For a facile origami-inspired programming of 3D folding, black inks are printed on glassy polymers that are used as hinges to generate light-absorption patterns. However, the deformation of unpatterned areas and/or stress convolution of patterned areas hinder the creation of accurate curvilinear structures. In addition, black inks remain in the film, prohibiting the construction of transparent 3D architectures. In this study, we demonstrate the facile preparation of transparent 3D curvilinear structures with the selection of the curvature sign and chirality via the selective light absorption of detachable tapes. The sequential removal of adhesive patterns allowed sequential folding and the control of strain responsivity in a single transparent architecture. The introduction of multiple heterogeneous non-responsive materials increased the complexity of strain engineering and functionality. External stimuli responsive kirigami-based bridge triggered the multi-material frame to build the Gaussian curvature. Conductive material casted on the film in a pattern retained the conductivity, despite local deformation. This type of tape patterning system, adopting various materials, can achieve multifunction including transparency and conductivity.

Multifunctional Three-Dimensional Curvilinear Self-Folding of Glassy Polymers

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Gyeong Lee ◽  
Sukyoung Won ◽  
Jeong Eun Park ◽  
Jeong Jae Wie
Keyword(s):  
Light Absorption ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strain Engineering ◽  
Local Deformation ◽  
Glassy Polymers ◽  
Polymeric Films ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Shape Morphing ◽  
Curvilinear Structures ◽  
External Stimuli

Abstract The selective light absorption of prestretched thermoplastic polymeric films enables wireless photothermal shape morphing from two-dimensional Euclidean geometry of films to three-dimensional (3D) curvilinear architectures. For a facile origami-inspired programming of 3D folding, black inks are printed on glassy polymers that are used as hinges to generate light-absorption patterns. However, the deformation of unpatterned areas and/or stress convolution of patterned areas hinder the creation of accurate curvilinear structures. In addition, black inks remain in the film, prohibiting the construction of transparent 3D architectures. In this study, we demonstrate the facile preparation of transparent 3D curvilinear structures with the selection of the curvature sign and chirality via the selective light absorption of detachable tapes. The sequential removal of adhesive patterns allowed sequential folding and the control of strain responsivity in a single transparent architecture. The introduction of multiple heterogeneous nonresponsive materials increased the complexity of strain engineering and functionality. External stimuli responsive kirigami-based bridge triggered the multimaterial frame to build the Gaussian curvature. Conductive material casted on the film in a pattern retained the conductivity, despite local deformation. This type of tape patterning system, adopting various materials, can achieve multifunction including transparency and conductivity.

Smart Polymers and their Applications: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gore S. A. ◽  
Gholve S. B. ◽  
Savalsure S. M. ◽  
Ghodake K. B. ◽  
Bhusnure O. G. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Smart Polymers ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Water Soluble Polymers ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Stimuli Sensitive ◽  
External Stimuli

Smart polymers are materials that respond to small external stimuli. These are also referred as stimuli responsive materials or intelligent materials. Smart polymers that can exhibit stimuli-sensitive properties are becoming important in many commercial applications. These polymers can change shape, strength and pore size based on external factors such as temperature, pH and stress. The stimuli include salt, UV irradiation, temperature, pH, magnetic or electric field, ionic factors etc. Smart polymers are very promising applicants in drug delivery, tissue engineering, cell culture, gene carriers, textile engineering, oil recovery, radioactive wastage and protein purification. The study is focused on the entire features of smart polymers and their most recent and relevant applications. Water soluble polymers with tunable lower critical solution temperature (LCST) are of increasing interest for biological applications such as cell patterning, smart drug release, DNA sequencing etc.

scholarly journals Molecularly engineered switchable photo-responsive membrane in gas separation for environmental protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aishah Rosli ◽  
Siew Chun Low
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Gas Separation ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Separation Systems ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Responsive Membranes ◽  
External Stimuli

In recent years, stimuli-responsive materials have garnered interest due to their ability to change properties when exposed to external stimuli, making it useful for various applications including gas separation. Light is a very attractive trigger for responsive materials due to its speedy and non-invasive nature as well as the potential to reduce energy costs significantly. Even though light is deemed as an appealing stimulus for the development of stimuli-responsive materials, this avenue has yet to be extensively researched, as evidenced by the fewer works done on the photo-responsive membranes. Of these, there are even less research done on photo-responsive materials for the purpose of gas separation, thus, we have collected the examples that answer both these criteria in this review. This review covers the utilisation of photo-responsive materials specifically for gas separation purposes. Photo-chromic units, their integration into gas separation systems, mechanism and research that have been done on the topic so far are discussed.

scholarly journals Redox-triggered switching in three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Gao ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Sheng Yin ◽  
Junliang Sun ◽  
Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Molecular Switches ◽  
Pore Channel ◽  
Pore Surface ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Conversion Yield ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Reversible Transformation ◽  
Internal Pore

Abstract The tuning of molecular switches in solid state toward stimuli-responsive materials has attracted more and more attention in recent years. Herein, we report a switchable three-dimensional covalent organic framework (3D COF), which can undergo a reversible transformation through a hydroquinone/quinone redox reaction while retaining the crystallinity and porosity. Our results clearly show that the switching process gradually happened through the COF framework, with an almost quantitative conversion yield. In addition, the redox-triggered transformation will form different functional groups on the pore surface and modify the shape of pore channel, which can result in tunable gas separation property. This study strongly demonstrates 3D COFs can provide robust platforms for efficient tuning of molecular switches in solid state. More importantly, switching of these moieties in 3D COFs can remarkably modify the internal pore environment, which will thus enable the resulting materials with interesting stimuli-responsive properties.

scholarly journals 4D Printing: dawn of an emerging technology cycle

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eujin Pei
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Covering Material ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Applications ◽  
External Stimuli

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to reviews state-of-the-art developments in four-dimensional (4D) printing, discuss what it is, investigate new applications that have been discovered and suggest its future impact. Design/methodology/approach – The article clarifies the definition of 4D printing and describes notable examples covering material science, equipment and applications. Findings – This article highlights an emerging technology cycle where 4D printing research has gained traction within additive manufacturing. The use of stimuli-responsive materials can be programmed and printed to enable pre-determined reactions when subject to external stimuli. Originality/value – This article reviews state-of-the-art developments in 4D printing, discusses what it is, investigates new applications that have been discovered and suggests its future impact.

Robotic surfaces with reversible, spatiotemporal control for shape morphing and object manipulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (53) ◽  
pp. eabf5116
Author(s):  
Ke Liu ◽  
Felix Hacker ◽  
Chiara Daraio
Keyword(s):  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Mechanical Stiffness ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Shape Morphing ◽  
Deformation Response ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Passive Network ◽  
Liquid Crystal Elastomers ◽  
Layered Design

Continuous and controlled shape morphing is essential for soft machines to conform, grasp, and move while interacting safely with their surroundings. Shape morphing can be achieved with two-dimensional (2D) sheets that reconfigure into target 3D geometries, for example, using stimuli-responsive materials. However, most existing solutions lack the ability to reprogram their shape, face limitations on attainable geometries, or have insufficient mechanical stiffness to manipulate objects. Here, we develop a soft, robotic surface that allows for large, reprogrammable, and pliable shape morphing into smooth 3D geometries. The robotic surface consists of a layered design composed of two active networks serving as artificial muscles, one passive network serving as a skeleton, and cover scales serving as an artificial skin. The active network consists of a grid of strips made of heat-responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) containing stretchable heating coils. The magnitude and speed of contraction of the LCEs can be controlled by varying the input electric currents. The 1D contraction of the LCE strips activates in-plane and out-of-plane deformations; these deformations are both necessary to transform a flat surface into arbitrary 3D geometries. We characterize the fundamental deformation response of the layers and derive a control scheme for actuation. We demonstrate that the robotic surface provides sufficient mechanical stiffness and stability to manipulate other objects. This approach has potential to address the needs of a range of applications beyond shape changes, such as human-robot interactions and reconfigurable electronics.

Phase Separation of Carboxylated Poly-L-lysine

2014 ◽  
Vol 1622 ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Esha Das ◽  
Kazuaki Matsumura
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Solvation State ◽  
External Stimuli

ABSTRACTStimuli-responsive materials are capable of reversibly altering their properties depending on the environmental conditions or external stimuli. External stimuli typically include thermal, pH, electric fields, optical, magnetic fields, mechanical forces and chemical interactions. There are many instances in nature where responsive surfaces have been observed. Temperature is the most widely used stimulus in environmentally responsive polymer systems. The change of temperature is not only relatively easy to control, but also easily applicable both in vitro and in vivo. Temperature responsive polymers exhibit a phase transition at a certain temperature, which causes a sudden change in the solvation state. Polymers that become insoluble upon heating have a so-called lower critical solution temperature (LCST). One example of these polymers is poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide), which shows LCST at about 32 °C, close to the physiological temperature. In this study, we report the developing of novel polyampholytes which shows thermo-, salt-responsive liquid-liquid phase separation in aqueous solution.

Boron-based stimuli responsive materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (13) ◽  
pp. 3537-3549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soren K. Mellerup ◽  
Suning Wang
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Molecular Systems ◽  
External Stimuli

Representative types of boron-based molecular systems that respond to external stimuli such as temperature, pressure, light, or chemicals (oxygen, acid, base etc.) are described in this review article. The boron molecules are classified according to their operating mechanisms, with emphasis on systems, which are based on switchable boron-donor bonds and switchable excited states.

scholarly journals Comparative study of robotic artificial actuators and biological muscle

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 168781402093340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liang ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Kunyang Wang ◽  
Zhihui Qian ◽  
Luquan Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
High Level ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Robotic Applications

Biological muscles exhibit a high level of integration, in which actuators, sensors and transmission elements can be included in one component. Artificial muscles or actuators refer to intelligent stimuli-responsive materials that could reversibly deform with the trigger of various external stimuli. These materials, which have attracted tremendous attention, produce natural muscle-like actuation performance and show promising applications in robotics. After an introduction of various actuator technologies that contribute to robotic applications, a comparative analysis of the main actuation parameter is provided. The comprehensive comparisons of each kind of artificial muscle are summarised, and the promising properties that are required in robotics are presented, which highlight the development of their actuation performances and the challenges that limit their further employments. Future developmental prospects and perspectives of artificial actuators are discussed.

scholarly journals Recent Progress on Plant-Inspired Soft Robotics with Hydrogel Building Blocks: Fabrication, Actuation and Application

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Xu ◽  
Yongsen Zhou ◽  
Baoping Zhang ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Jianfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Soft Robotics ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
External Stimuli

Millions of years’ evolution has imparted life on earth with excellent environment adaptability. Of particular interest to scientists are some plants capable of macroscopically and reversibly altering their morphological and mechanical properties in response to external stimuli from the surrounding environment. These intriguing natural phenomena and underlying actuation mechanisms have provided important design guidance and principles for man-made soft robotic systems. Constructing bio-inspired soft robotic systems with effective actuation requires the efficient supply of mechanical energy generated from external inputs, such as temperature, light, and electricity. By combining bio-inspired designs with stimuli-responsive materials, various intelligent soft robotic systems that demonstrate promising and exciting results have been developed. As one of the building materials for soft robotics, hydrogels are gaining increasing attention owing to their advantageous properties, such as ultra-tunable modulus, high compliance, varying stimuli-responsiveness, good biocompatibility, and high transparency. In this review article, we summarize the recent progress on plant-inspired soft robotics assembled by stimuli-responsive hydrogels with a particular focus on their actuation mechanisms, fabrication, and application. Meanwhile, some critical challenges and problems associated with current hydrogel-based soft robotics are briefly introduced, and possible solutions are proposed. We expect that this review would provide elementary tutorial guidelines to audiences who are interested in the study on nature-inspired soft robotics, especially hydrogel-based intelligent soft robotic systems.

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