Computerized Realtime X-Ray Inspection of Consumer Waste Product for Hazardous Materials

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Korkala ◽  
Ken Robbins ◽  
David Chon
Keyword(s):  
Material Handling ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Software Upgrades ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Design And Manufacture

This presentation describes the design and manufacture of a computer controlled x-ray scanning system for the fully automated inspection of waste for hazardous materials. Of particular importance was the necessity to accurately detect various sizes of propane tanks and large heavy metal objects. In addition, rejects had to be accurately identified and each image saved for archival requirements. The equipment utilized, material handling, software development and implementation is detailed herein. The problems of establishing a stable image in a harsh environment required ruggedizing all of the components as well as positive pressure air delivery and air conditioning of the computer and related electronic enclosures. The use of commercially available equipment and latest detector technology were utilized as much as possible to reduce costs and to provide a reliable low maintenance system that also included the ability to conduct diagnostics and software upgrades remotely via computer.

X-ray mapping without STEM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
Judith M. Brock ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Life Science ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Made In

A knowledge of the distribution of chemical elements in a specimen is often highly useful. In materials science specimens features such as grain boundaries and precipitates generally force a certain order on mental distribution, so that a single profile away from the boundary or precipitate gives a full description of all relevant data. No such simplicity can be assumed in life science specimens, where elements can occur various combinations and in different concentrations in tissue. In the latter case a two-dimensional elemental-distribution image is required to describe the material adequately. X-ray mapping provides such of the distribution of elements.The big disadvantage of x-ray mapping hitherto has been one requirement: the transmission electron microscope must have the scanning function. In cases where the STEM functionality – to record scanning images using a variety of STEM detectors – is not used, but only x-ray mapping is intended, a significant investment must still be made in the scanning system: electronics that drive the beam, detectors for generating the scanning images, and monitors for displaying and recording the images.

Design and manufacture of sputtered multilayers for applications to soft X-ray optics

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1589-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ph. Houdy ◽  
P. Boher
Keyword(s):  
Ray Optics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Design And Manufacture

scholarly journals Modular MA-XRF Scanner Development in the Multi-Analytical Characterisation of a 17th Century Azulejo from Portugal

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1913
Author(s):  
Sergio Augusto Barcellos Lins ◽  
Marta Manso ◽  
Pedro Augusto Barcellos Lins ◽  
Antonio Brunetti ◽  
Armida Sodo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Portable Instruments ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Suitable Technique ◽  
Cobalt Blue

A modular X-ray scanning system was developed, to fill in the gap between portable instruments (with a limited analytical area) and mobile instruments (with large analytical areas, and sometimes bulky and difficult to transport). The scanner has been compared to a commercial tabletop instrument, by analysing a Portuguese tile (azulejo) from the 17th century. Complementary techniques were used to achieve a throughout characterisation of the sample in a complete non-destructive approach. The complexity of the acquired X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectra, due to inherent sample stratigraphy, has been resolved using Monte Carlo simulations, and Raman spectroscopy, as the most suitable technique to complement the analysis of azulejos colours, yielding satisfactory results. The colouring agents were identified as cobalt blue and a Zn-modified Naples-yellow. The stratigraphy of the area under study was partially modelled with Monte Carlo simulations. The scanners performance has been compared by evaluating the images outputs and the global spectrum.

Evaluation of computer-controlled SEM in the study of metal-contaminated soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Langmi ◽  
J. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Weathering Crusts ◽  
Individual Particles ◽  
Element Mapping ◽  
Scanning Electron

Computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) has been assessed for the determination of form and size distribution of heavy metals in urban contaminated soils. Metal distributions within individual particles were determined using X-ray element mapping. The sites selected for study were (1) around a landfill site, previously a colliery in Wolverhampton, UK and (2) a private garden adjacent to a railway in Nottingham, UK. Backscattered thresholding techniques were used to isolate the Pb-containing categories. The classification results for both Wolverhampton and Nottingham soils were generally similar but more Pb-containing classes were observed for the Nottingham samples when a comparison was made between results of the same size fractions. However, difficulties with the technique arose when particles showing chemically similar weathering crusts were assigned to the same class, despite having different internal compositions. The CCSEM data therefore need to be interpreted with caution and their application limited to situations in which particle internal complexity is not an issue.

Management of an unusual presentation of foreign body aspiration

1992 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 751-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan H. Ramadan ◽  
Nicolas Bu-Saba ◽  
Anis Baraka ◽  
Salman Mroueh
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Subcutaneous Emphysema ◽  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Chest X Ray

AbstractForeign body aspiration is a very common problem in children and toddlers and still a serious and sometimes fatal condition. We are reporting on a 2-year-old white asthmatic male who choked on a chick pea and presented with subcutaneous emphysema, and on chest X-ray with an isolated pneumomediastinum but not pneumothorax. On review of the literature an isolated pneumomediastinum without pneumothorax was rarely reported. This presented a challenge in management mainly because of the technique that we had to use in order to undergo bronchoscopy and removal of the foreign body. Apnoeic diffusion oxygenation was used initially while the foreign body was removed piecemeal, and afterwards intermittent positive pressure ventilation was used. The child did very well, and his subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum remarkably improved immediately post surgery.

The X-Ray Scanning Microscope Beam Branch Line and Its Scanning System Design at BEPC

1992 ◽  
pp. 154-156
Author(s):  
Deming Shu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Motuo Wang ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Wei He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Branch Line ◽  
X Ray

Measurement Method of X-ray Focus Projection Coordinates of Three-Dimensional Micro-Computerized Tomography Scanning System

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1275-1280
Author(s):  
杨民 Yang Min ◽  
刘静华 Liu Jinghua ◽  
李保磊 Li Baolei ◽  
吴文晋 Wu Wenjin ◽  
王钢 Wang Gang
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tomography Scanning ◽  
Focus Projection

scholarly journals Development of nanometer level accurate computer-controlled figuring with high spatial resolution and its application to hard X-ray focusing mirror

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidekazu MIMURA ◽  
Hirokatsu YUMOTO ◽  
Satoshi MATSUYAMA ◽  
Yasuhisa SANO ◽  
Kazuto YAMAUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computer Controlled
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