Air Permitting of New WTE Projects

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Henderson ◽  
John L. Hanisch ◽  
Kevin R. Scott ◽  
Joel S. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Nox Control ◽  
State Programs

Two major new Waste-To-Energy (WTE) Projects have received Air Construction Permits under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program during the past two years and a third is scheduled to receive its permit prior to NAWTEC 20. These new facilities are being required to operate with significantly lower emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and other major air pollutants than similar existing US facilities. This paper will explore the permitting process on these three projects and the divergent approaches being taken by the applicants to meet the stringent emission requirements imposed by the PSD permits. The Palm Beach County (Florida) Renewable Energy Facility No. 2 (PBREF No. 2) will be a three unit, 3,000 ton per day (tpd) mass burn facility which will utilize Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems similar to that used in many recent European WTE facilities for NOx control. The Fairfield (Maryland) Renewable Energy (Fairfield) and Aercibo (Puerto Rico) Renewable Energy (Aercibo) Projects are each two unit, 2,106 tpd Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) facilities which will utilize regenerative SCR (RSCR®) systems. This will be the first time RSCR® has been used in a WTE application. All three permits require achievement of a NOx emission rate of 45 parts per million by volume at 7% O2 dry basis (ppmvd). PBREF No. 2 and Fairfield received PSD permits from delegated state programs prior to the new Greenhouse Gas (GHG) and condensable PM2.5 permitting rules going into effect at the beginning of 2011. Aercibo is being permitted by United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region II and will reflect new GHG and condensable PM2.5 permitting rules. This paper discusses the approach to the Best Available Control Technology (BACT) and Lowest Achievement Emission Rate (LAER) determinations and differences in final permit requirements.

Keeping Up With Growth by Recommitting to a Long-Term Waste-to-Energy Future

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond H. Schauer
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Palm Beach County ◽  
The North ◽  
Institutional Knowledge ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Essential Components

The Solid Waste Authority of Palm Beach County (Authority) has owned the North County Resources Recovery Facility (NCRRF) since 1989, producing clean, economical and renewable energy from refuse derived fuel while preserving precious landfill space. As with any facility as it approaches the end of its first 20-year operating term, the Authority found it necessary to initiate a comprehensive refurbishment to ensure its continued effective operations. The operating agreement between the Authority and the Palm Beach Resource Recovery Corporation (PBRRC), a subsidiary of Babcock & Wilcox (B&W), is set to expire concurrently with the end of the this 20-year term. The Authority acknowledged that PBRRC has unparalleled institutional knowledge of the NCRRF and, as such, took the opportunity to renegotiate its operating agreement with PBRRC for an additional 20-year term. The Authority was also able to build into the new operating agreement conditions for PBRRC to provide assistance to a third party design-builder performing the refurbishment. Additionally, understanding that B&W produced many of the key combustion unit components of the original NCRRF construction, the Authority worked into the new agreement terms for B&W to provide several essential components for the refurbishment that will be installed by the design-builder. When the refurbishment is completed in 2011, the Authority will still only have disposal capacity through 2021 with its existing landfill. To be able to keep up with rapid growth in Palm Beach County, the Authority has initiated the due diligence phase for the development of a new mass burn waste-to-energy facility and landfill that will expand the disposal capacity of the Authority’s system for more than 100 years.

EPA’s Performance Track and Its Practical Application

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Barthelemy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Environmental Leadership ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Presentation Time ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Environmental Agencies

Performance Track is a voluntary environmental partnership between the government and participating U.S. facilities of all types and sizes. The Environmental Protection Agency governs and operates the Performance Track program in conjunction with the state environmental agencies. The goal of Performance Track is to provide environmental leadership and pollution reduction at its source. This presentation will provide insight on how Montenay Bay operates according to its Performance Track commitments. Montenay Bay is a waste-to-energy facility in Panama City, Florida. The presentation will describe how Montenay Bay qualified for the Performance Track program, and how it positively influences their normal operating decision making processes. A representative from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will be available for the remainder of the presentation time to answer any questions conference members might have concerning the EPA Performance Track program.

Superheater Life With Stainless, Inconel, and Carbon Steel Alloys at the Maine Energy Recovery Company

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Robbins ◽  
Ken Huard ◽  
John King
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
History Of

The Maine Energy Recovery Company is a refuse derived fuel (RDF) waste to energy facility that began commercial operation in 1987. The facility consists of an RDF production operation, two B&W boilers which produce 210,000 lb/hr of steam at 650 psig/750F with a design Furnace Exit Gas Temperature of 1700 F, and a 22 MW steam turbine generator. Since startup, the facility has suffered fireside erosion/corrosion of the waterwalls, superheater, and generator bank hot side sections. Through the years, Maine Energy has made various operational and design changes in order to improve combustion and overall boiler availability. While combustion has improved as evidenced by improved emissions, reduced supplemental fuel usage, and lower ash production, superheater availability has suffered. At the same time reliability of the waterwall and generating bank components have improved. This paper will present a history of Maine Energy’s efforts to improve its superheater availability including a summary of the tube wastage rates for various superheater alloys, as well as Maine Energy’s plans for its superheaters.

SCR DeNOx Systems in Hitachi Zosen Inova’s European EfW Facilities

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Chromec
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
Nox Control ◽  
The Cost

Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions of new Energy-from-Waste (EfW) facilities, especially in ozone non-attainment zones, are coming under increased scrutiny by permitting agencies in the US as new EfW projects are permitted. While the EPA national technology based limits for EfW plants under the New Source Performance Standards are still at 150 ppmdv at 7% O2, many permitting authorities are requiring substantially lower limits for new EfW plants in their states or air quality regions under EPA’s New Source Review/Prevention of Significant Deterioration air quality permitting program. This trend is directly related to the question, how the Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER) and Best Available Control Technology (BACT) limits for NOx in EfW plants should be defined in ozone nonattainment and attainment areas respectively. Since lower NOx limits increase the cost of EfW as a sustainable waste management method, too stringent emission limits may have the adverse effect that more waste is landfilled due to the economic competition between these waste management methods which will actually lead to higher overall emissions and lower sustainability. Like other technology suppliers, Hitachi Zosen Inova (HZI, earlier AE&E Inova), a worldwide leader in EfW technology, has used various NOx control options. Apart from standard SNCR systems which can safely meet the EPA NSPS limits, there is DyNOR™, the advanced SNCR-based technology which can safely reach values below 100 ppmdv at 7% O2, and the SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) technology, which can reach values down to far below 50 ppmdv at 7% O2. However, once a certain emission limit is determined, the question is how this limit can be safely and continuously achieved with the lowest possible cost per ton of waste treated.

An Assessment of the Capabilities of the Munters Zeolite Rotor Concentrator to Reduce VOC and Odor Emissions From a Municipal Waste Combustion Facility

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Secunde ◽  
Peter Krenitsky
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Odor Emissions ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Particulate Removal ◽  
Odor Generation

Maine Energy Recovery Company is a waste-to-energy facility, firing refuse-derived fuel (RDF) in two B&W boilers to produce steam which is used to generate 22MW of electricity. As part of its on-going effort to study odor generation and enhance their odor control system, Maine Energy discovered that a greater quantity of volatile organic compounds (VOC) are generated by the waste itself than had previously been estimated. The VOCs that were found are primarily light alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, and butanol, along with compounds such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), benzene, toluene, xylene, and others. These compounds are generated from the operation of diesel-fueled equipment in the facility’s tipping building, and from the decomposition of the waste itself. The VOC generation also has a strong seasonal component, where generation is highest in the warmer summer weather, and lowest in the depths of winter. In the summer of 2005, Maine Energy undertook a pilot scale study of VOC control using a proprietary concentrator technology from Munters Corporation, Zeol Division of Amesbury, Massachusetts. A scaled-down version of their rotary zeolite concentrator was employed at Maine Energy over a six week period from July to September 2005. Numerous samples were taken at the inlet and outlet of the device, and several extended tests were conducted using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) technology to search for specific organic compounds. The results showed that the device reduced VOC, as well as odors, by approximately 85%, without the benefit of extensive fine-tuning of the device or the process during this limited run. The testing also revealed the need for extensive particulate removal at the inlet to the device, which would have a significant effect on cost efficiency.

2,400 Tons Per Day Refuse Derived Fuel Facility With Advanced Boiler and Air Pollution Control Systems

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Abrams ◽  
Kevin Toupin ◽  
John T. Costa ◽  
Ned Popovic
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Gas Removal ◽  
Dust Tail ◽  
Nox Control

A greenfield Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) facility in Alliance Ohio will process 2,400 Tons Per Day (TPD) of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and Construction & Demolition Debris (C&D). The Ohio EPA has issued the final air permit for the facility. There will be two equipment trains to handle the material each consisting of Riley Power’s Advanced Stoker™ boiler, Turbosorp® dry scrubber, and Regenerative Selective Catalytic Reduction (RSCR®) nitrogen oxides (NOx) control system. The key parts of the “chute to stack” equipment represent a significant advancement in technology when compared to past facilities, as demonstrated by the designation by the State of Ohio as an “Advanced Energy Project”. The Riley Advanced Stoker™ boiler has unique design features to ensure high efficiency, corrosion resistance, and fuel flexibility while at relatively low cost. The use of the Turbosorp will result in lower emissions of lead, other volatile heavy metals, and mercury than for a typical spray dryer/baghouse (SDA) system. Acid gas removal is also superior to an SDA system while utilizing less lime reagent and power. The RSCR follows the Turbosorp as a “low dust” SCR but with auxiliary energy consumption about 85% lower than a typical low dust, tail end SCR. The RSCR will reduce NOx and Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions to low values when compared to other facilities producing energy from waste. This paper will describe the design basis for the system including fuels to be processed, steam flow and conditions, and emissions. A detailed description of the technologies will also be presented.

The Evolution of Non-Ferrous Recovery at the Solid Waste Authority of Palm Beach County’s North County Resource Recovery Facility

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Schauer ◽  
James P. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Palm Beach County ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
The North ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Wholly Owned Subsidiary

The North County Resource Recovery Facility is a 2,000 tpd refuse derived fuel (RDF) Waste to Energy facility located in West Palm Beach, FL. Palm Beach Resource Recovery Corporation (PBRRC), a wholly owned subsidiary of The Babcock & Wilcox Company (B&W), operates and maintains the facility under a long-term operation and maintenance (O&M) agreement with the Solid Waste Authority of Palm Beach County.

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