Investigation of Interaction Between Oil Spills and Hydrostatic Changes

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taghi Tavakoli ◽  
Jo̸rgen Amdahl ◽  
Bernt J. Leira
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Integration Technique ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Oil Leakage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Second Procedure

In this paper an assessment of the potential oil outflow from tankers in the case of grounding is presented. The purpose of the study is to investigate how the introduction of double sides, double bottom and damage location will influence the amount of oil escaping from a damaged tank. Furthermore, the objective is to analyze the interaction between oil outflow and hydrostatic changes. In a previous paper, OMAE2008 [1], the pressure integration technique has been utilized to estimate the spill rate and the potential amount of spill without considering the hydrostatic changes. The results were confirmed by CFD simulations. The principles of this technique were presented and its advantages and disadvantages were discussed. In this paper interaction between oil leakage and hydrostatic changes is studied. In order to investigate possible additional oil spill caused by hydrostatic changes two procedures are utilized. In the first procedure, it is assumed that the oil flows out from the cargo tank or water flows in till hydrostatic equilibriums is attained, and subsequently the buoyancy changes due to oil outflow or water inflow are calculated. The additional oil spills caused by the hydrostatic changes are then calculated. The computations are carried out iteratively and continued until the difference between oil loss volumes obtained from two consecutive computations reaches a prescribed tolerance. In reality, there is no time lag between the buoyancy changes and oil loss volume. In order to eliminate the lag, time domain procedure has been applied. In the second procedure, the oil spill and hydrostatic changes are calculated simultaneously in each time step.

scholarly journals Optimization on Emergency Materials Dispatching Considering the Characteristics of Integrated Emergency Response for Large-Scale Marine Oil Spills

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Li ◽  
Manel Grifoll ◽  
Miquel Estrada ◽  
Pengjun Zheng ◽  
Hongxiang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Distribution Point ◽  
Dispatching Algorithm ◽  
Marine Oil Spills ◽  
The Difference

Many governments have been strengthening the construction of hardware facilities and equipment to prevent and control marine oil spills. However, in order to deal with large-scale marine oil spills more efficiently, emergency materials dispatching algorithm still needs further optimization. The present study presents a methodology for emergency materials dispatching optimization based on four steps, combined with the construction of Chinese oil spill response capacity. First, the present emergency response procedure for large-scale marine oil spills should be analyzed. Second, in accordance with different grade accidents, the demands of all kinds of emergency materials are replaced by an equivalent volume that can unify the units. Third, constraint conditions of the emergency materials dispatching optimization model should be presented, and the objective function of the model should be postulated with the purpose of minimizing the largest sailing time of all oil spill emergency disposal vessels, and the difference in sailing time among vessels that belong to the same emergency materials collection and distribution point. Finally, the present study applies a toolbox and optimization solver to optimize the emergency materials dispatching problem. A calculation example is presented, highlighting the sensibility of the results at different grades of oil spills. The present research would be helpful for emergency managers in tackling an efficient materials dispatching scheme, while considering the integrated emergency response procedure.

Subsistence Fisheries and the Exxon Valdez: Human Health Concerns

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Ann Hayward Walker ◽  
L. Jay Field
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Exxon Valdez

ABSTRACT As a result of the Exxon Valdez oil spill, many residents of villages in Prince William Sound, Lower Cook Inlet, the Alaska Peninsula, and Kodiak Island were alarmed by the prospect that their subsistence food supply might have been contaminated by oil and thus present an increased health risk. Although major oil spills have occurred in the past, no database has been developed on human health effects resulting from the consumption of oil-contaminated food. This information gap and the time lag of several months required to develop relevant data were the principal impediments to rapidly addressing the villagers’ concerns. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) was asked by the federal on-scene coordinator and the Alaska Oil Spill Health Task Force to take an active role in addressing the subsistence food safety concerns of native villagers. Specific issues of concern to villagers included the following: Were subsistence foods contaminated as a result of the spill? Could subsistence foods be screened or tested by villagers to detect contamination? Did consumption of subsistence foods pose a health risk, either immediate (acute) or long-term (chronic)? What species in what areas were safe to eat? Answering these questions involved researching the screening and testing equipment and protocols in existence, developing and implementing a sampling program, selecting techniques and a laboratory to conduct the analyses, and identifying experts to evaluate the analytical data as they might relate to the human health risk. This paper describes the activities and findings of the NOAA subsistence program; it does not address occupational health issues associated with the oil spill.

scholarly journals Classification of factors influencing the foreign economic activity of enterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Viktoriia FURSOVA ◽  
Nelia KARATSEVA ◽  
Maryna RUBAN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Management Capability ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. While providing foreign economic activity, enterprises have many problems, which can lead to loss of their financial stability and even bankruptcy. That is why, especially in periods of crisis it is very important to identify factors that affect the efficiency of foreign economic activity of companies. The purpose of the work is to systematize the modern researches and to improve the classification of factors influencing the foreign economic activity of economic entities to ensure their sustainable development. Results. The article is devoted to the study of the factors influencing the foreign economic activity of enterprise. Based on the systematization of the views of the majority of authors, it was determined that today there is no generally accepted classification of factors affecting foreign economic activity. Most researchers divide impacts on foreign economic activity on the external and internal, the difference is only in the number and types of factors. Due to the critical analysis of the modern researches, the authors identified a number of advantages and disadvantages in the classifications of factors affecting foreign economic activity. According to the results of the study, a classification of factors of influence on foreign economic activity is proposed, which contains 5 criteria: source of origin, management capability, type of foreign economic activity, the specificity of the impact, the nature of the impact on foreign economic activity effectiveness. Conclusion. Other classification criteria such as time lag, degree of predictability, coverage, etc. should also be taken into account by management during the formulating a strategy for the development of foreign economic activity enterprises, but these characteristics do not reveal the specifics of foreign economic activity of economic entities. The proposed classification can be the basis for further research, that identified the types of risks of foreign economic activity. The generalization and systematization of the theoretical foundations on this issue is of practical value and will help to identify the main ways of forming an effective strategy for the development of enterprises in foreign markets.

scholarly journals Oil Spill Detection Using Satellite Imagery

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Amber Bonnington ◽  
◽  
Meisam Amani ◽  
Hamid Ebrahimy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Oil Spill Detection ◽  
New Development ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

<span>Since oil exploration began, oil spills have become a serious problem. When drilling for oil, there is always a risk of an oil spill. With the new development of technology over the years, oil spill detection has become much easier making the clean-up of a spill to happen much faster reducing the risk of a large spread. In this study, remote sensing techniques were used to detect the Deep-water Horizon oil spill through a change detection method. The change detection method allows the viewer to determine the difference of an area before and after an oil spill as well as detect the irregular difference on a surface. To confirm the effectiveness of change detection method, two approaches were used each showing the differences in the images before and after the spill allowing the size and shape to be identified. The swipe tool in the ArcGIS software was used to visually show the changes. The difference tool was also used to both visually and statistically to investigate the difference before and after the Deep-water Horizon oil spill event.</span>

Volunteers at Oil Spill Cleanups: Guidance for On-Scene Coordinator1

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray E. Spears ◽  
Suzanne E. Helton ◽  
Anita L. Pease ◽  
Thearin R. Wendel
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Service Workers ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACT Contamination of waters, beaches, shorelines, and wildlife after oil spills is the subject of increasing public concern, especially in the wake of recent large spills receiving extensive media attention. In many areas, members of local communities have demonstrated their concern by arriving at the sites of oil spills and volunteering to participate in efforts to clean up affected areas. The volunteers often arrive in large numbers and are usually untrained in the mechanisms of oil spill response and cleanup. The National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP) specifies that a designated federal on-scene coordinator (OSC) coordinate and direct federal activities at the site of certain response and removal actions, including the way in which volunteers will be used. What is crucial to OSCs is distinguishing between those people who fall under the legal concept of “volunteer” and those who are offering to provide gratuitous services. Accepting voluntary services, as opposed to gratuitous services, presents a dilemma in the form of liability to both the government and OSC. This discussion focuses on statutory requirements that OSCs must follow at the site of an oil cleanup, the difference between “volunteer” and “gratuitous” service, and liability when accepting these services. The NCP specifies that OSCs identify ways in which volunteers be used, and recent oil spill cleanup efforts in three states provide examples of the way in which gratuitous service workers can be used to make significant contributions.

PROBABILISTIC LONG RANGE FORECAST SYSTEM FOR OIL SPILL TRAJECTORIES IN THE GULF OF BISCAY (SPAIN)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 299721
Author(s):  
Mar Cárdenas ◽  
Ana J. Abascal ◽  
Sonia Castanedo ◽  
Yanira Guanche ◽  
Fernando J. Méndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Transition Probability Matrix ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Time Step

The increasing number of accidental oil spills has motivated the development and implementation of operational oceanography systems (OOS) to help in the decision process during oil spill emergency situations. Currently, most of the national and regional OOS have been setup for short-term (up to 5 days) oil spill forecast. However, recent accidental oil spills such as Prestige in Spain (2002) or Deep Horizon in Gulf of Mexico (2010), have revealed the importance of having larger prediction horizons (up to 30 days) in regional-scale areas. In this work, we have developed a stochastic methodology based on the combination of clustering algorithms and Markov chains of first order to provide medium term (15–30 days) probabilistic oil spill forecasts. The method encompasses the following steps: (1) classification of representative atmospheric patterns using clustering techniques (PCA and k-means [1]); (2) determination the transition probability matrix associated with the Markov chain. The element of the transition matrix (pij) represents the probability of moving from a cluster “i” to a cluster “j” in one time step. In case an accident occurs, the Markov chain provides through the transition probability matrix, the evolution of ocean-atmospheric conditions during the forecasting period; (3) this result is used to force TESEO Lagrangian transport model [2] which allows the characterization of trajectories in probabilistic terms during the forecasting period. The methodology has been applied in the Gulf of Biscay (Spain) to simulate the evolution of oil slick observations and drifter buoys gathered during the Prestige accident. The cumulative probability maps have been compared with these data (oil slicks observations and drifter data), showing that actual trajectories are consistent with the probability of contamination obtained. Results seem promising and we expect to reduce uncertainty by incorporating autoregressive logistic models to help improving the possible evolution of the ocean-atmospheric conditions. A detailed description of the methodology, application and validation will be shown in the presentation and in the final paper.

scholarly journals Simulation of the 2003 Foss Barge - Point Wells Oil Spill: A Comparison between BLOSOM and GNOME Oil Spill Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Duran ◽  
Lucy Romeo ◽  
Jonathan Whiting ◽  
Jason Vielma ◽  
Kelly Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Tidal Motion ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Temporal Interpolation ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison

The Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) National Energy Technology Laboratory’s (NETL’s) Blowout and Spill Occurrence Model (BLOSOM), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment (GNOME) are compared. Increasingly complex simulations are used to assess similarities and differences between the two models’ components. The simulations presented here are forced by ocean currents from a Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) implementation that has excellent skill in representing tidal motion, and with observed wind data that compensates for a coarse vertical ocean model resolution. The comprehensive comparison between GNOME and BLOSOM presented here, should aid modelers in interpreting their results. Beyond many similarities, aspects where both models are distinct are highlighted. Some suggestions for improvement are included, e.g., the inclusion of temporal interpolation of the forcing fields (BLOSOM) or the inclusion of a deflection angle option when parameterizing wind-driven processes (GNOME). Overall, GNOME and BLOSOM perform similarly, and are found to be complementary oil spill models. This paper also sheds light on what drove the historical Point Wells spill, and serves the additional purpose of being a learning resource for those interested in oil spill modeling. The increasingly complex approach used for the comparison is also used, in parallel, to illustrate the approach an oil spill modeler would typically follow when trying to hindcast or forecast an oil spill, including detailed technical information on basic aspects, like choosing a computational time step. We discuss our successful hindcast of the 2003 Point Wells oil spill that, to our knowledge, had remained unexplained. The oil spill models’ solutions are compared to the historical Point Wells’ oil trajectory, in time and space, as determined from overflight information. Our hindcast broadly replicates the correct locations at the correct times, using accurate tide and wind forcing. While the choice of wind coefficient we use is unconventional, a simplified analytic model supported by observations, suggests that it is justified under this study’s circumstances. We highlight some of the key oceanographic findings as they may relate to other oil spills, and to the regional oceanography of the Salish Sea, including recommendations for future studies.

Scaling sorbent materials for real oil-sorbing applications and environmental disasters

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Patalano ◽  
Fabian Villalobos ◽  
Pedro Pena ◽  
Evan Jauregui ◽  
Cengiz Ozkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Environmental Cleanup ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sorbent Materials ◽  
Crude Oil Spill

ABSTRACTThere are few feasible options for sorbents, which can be quickly manufactured and deployed in the event of a major oil spill and so every oil spill is an ecological disaster. This paper aims to provide an understanding of what a realistic, full-scale crude oil spill solution would look like based on the performance of the best sorbents currently available, their costs, and their advantages.Adsorbent materials or “sorbents” described here have been a recent target for research toward applications in environmental cleanup, remediation, and hazardous material containment. These materials contain many compositions, syntheses, and practical manufacturing parameters that make most of them practically and logistically unfit to tackle quantities much larger than a single barrel of oil. Different properties of crude oil and nonpolar materials, such as their viscosity, density, and weathering, can also make these materials seem attractive on a lab scale but underperform in field testing and in practical applications. This review addresses the challenges, advantages, and disadvantages of different technical applications of the superior sorbent materials and material types in the literature. In addition, we discuss the different costs and manufacturing challenges of sorbent materials in real oil spills and what a feasible containment sorbent material might look like.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Physicochemical Parameters of Bodo Creek, Rivers State, Nigeria: A Pre-spill, Post-spill and Post-clean-up Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1505-1512
Author(s):  
D.K. Nkeeh ◽  
A.I. Hart ◽  
E.S. Erondu ◽  
N. Zabbey
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
Rivers State

Water bodies are a source of ecosystem services such as water supply, production, recreation, and aesthetics. In 2008, two major oil spills took place in Bodo creek. A major challenge with the assessment and monitoring of an environment is the lack of baseline data. However, Bodo Creek has been studied extensively. This paper, therefore, reviews pre-spill, post-spill, and post-clean-up studies on physicochemical parameters in Bodo Creek. This paper revealed that the difference in the levels of the physicochemical parameters including pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and temperature in Bodo Creek, before and after the oil spill was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); other physicochemical parameters examined in this paper are alkalinity, total hardness, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TDS). This paper also revealed that pH and temperature were higher in the post-cleanup study, while DO and conductivity were higher in the pre-cleanup study. BOD was significantly higher in the post-spill study than the pre-spill study, indicating a high level of pollution as a result of the oil spill. This review also shows that there are higher pH and temperature levels in post-clean-up studies than the pre-cleanup studies. Pre-clean-up DO and conductivity were higher than the levels in the post-clean-up study.

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