scholarly journals Simulation of the 2003 Foss Barge - Point Wells Oil Spill: A Comparison between BLOSOM and GNOME Oil Spill Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Duran ◽  
Lucy Romeo ◽  
Jonathan Whiting ◽  
Jason Vielma ◽  
Kelly Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Tidal Motion ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Temporal Interpolation ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison

The Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) National Energy Technology Laboratory’s (NETL’s) Blowout and Spill Occurrence Model (BLOSOM), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment (GNOME) are compared. Increasingly complex simulations are used to assess similarities and differences between the two models’ components. The simulations presented here are forced by ocean currents from a Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) implementation that has excellent skill in representing tidal motion, and with observed wind data that compensates for a coarse vertical ocean model resolution. The comprehensive comparison between GNOME and BLOSOM presented here, should aid modelers in interpreting their results. Beyond many similarities, aspects where both models are distinct are highlighted. Some suggestions for improvement are included, e.g., the inclusion of temporal interpolation of the forcing fields (BLOSOM) or the inclusion of a deflection angle option when parameterizing wind-driven processes (GNOME). Overall, GNOME and BLOSOM perform similarly, and are found to be complementary oil spill models. This paper also sheds light on what drove the historical Point Wells spill, and serves the additional purpose of being a learning resource for those interested in oil spill modeling. The increasingly complex approach used for the comparison is also used, in parallel, to illustrate the approach an oil spill modeler would typically follow when trying to hindcast or forecast an oil spill, including detailed technical information on basic aspects, like choosing a computational time step. We discuss our successful hindcast of the 2003 Point Wells oil spill that, to our knowledge, had remained unexplained. The oil spill models’ solutions are compared to the historical Point Wells’ oil trajectory, in time and space, as determined from overflight information. Our hindcast broadly replicates the correct locations at the correct times, using accurate tide and wind forcing. While the choice of wind coefficient we use is unconventional, a simplified analytic model supported by observations, suggests that it is justified under this study’s circumstances. We highlight some of the key oceanographic findings as they may relate to other oil spills, and to the regional oceanography of the Salish Sea, including recommendations for future studies.

scholarly journals Revisit of a Case Study of Spilled Oil Slicks Caused by the Sanchi Accident (2018) in the East China Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Zhehao Yang ◽  
Weizeng Shao ◽  
Yuyi Hu ◽  
Qiyan Ji ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East China Sea ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
East China ◽  
The East China Sea ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Spatial Coverage

Marine oil spills occur suddenly and pose a serious threat to ecosystems in coastal waters. Oil spills continuously affect the ocean environment for years. In this study, the oil spill caused by the accident of the Sanchi ship (2018) in the East China Sea was hindcast simulated using the oil particle-tracing method. Sea-surface winds from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), currents simulated from the Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM), and waves simulated from the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) were employed as background marine dynamics fields. In particular, the oil spill simulation was compared with the detection from Chinese Gaofen-3 (GF-3) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The validation of the SWAN-simulated significant wave height (SWH) against measurements from the Jason-2 altimeter showed a 0.58 m root mean square error (RMSE) with a 0.93 correlation (COR). Further, the sea-surface current was compared with that from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2), yielding a 0.08 m/s RMSE and a 0.71 COR. Under these circumstances, we think the model-simulated sea-surface currents and waves are reliable for this work. A hindcast simulation of the tracks of oil slicks spilled from the Sanchi shipwreck was conducted during the period of 14–17 January 2018. It was found that the general track of the simulated oil slicks was consistent with the observations from the collected GF-3 SAR images. However, the details from the GF-3 SAR images were more obvious. The spatial coverage of oil slicks between the SAR-detected and simulated results was about 1 km2. In summary, we conclude that combining numerical simulation and SAR remote sensing is a promising technique for real-time oil spill monitoring and the prediction of oil spreading.

THE VENEZUELAN NATIONAL OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLAN

1983 ◽  
Vol 1983 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Ian Achong ◽  
John Bennett ◽  
Chris Hatfield ◽  
Noel Boston
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
Orinoco Delta ◽  
Environmental Material

ABSTRACT A national contingency plan has been developed to contend with oil spills which may originate from offshore operations and tanker traffic in the waters off Venezuela from the Gulf of Venezuela to the Orinoco Delta. The plan was prepared for the Venezuelan oil industry which is made up of Petroleos de Venezuela, a holding company of the nationalized Venezuelan oil industry, and its affiliated companies, Lagoven S.A., Maraven S.A., Corpoven S.A., and Meneven S.A. The plan is based on an assessment of existing human and environmental material resources, the establishment of the operational capabilities of these resources, an overview of existing environmental data, and field programs which identified areas of special concern and filled environmental data gaps. Ideas and information were exchanged frequently between the contractors and representatives of the affiliated companies of Petroleos de Venezuela during the formulation of the plan. In the process of developing the national plan, an interim plan was prepared. The resulting final plan consists of a set of manuals with precise and detailed procedures to follow in case of a spill, an auxiliary set of manuals containing technical information to support the detailed instructions, and instructions on the implementation of the plan and training of personnel. An essential part is the production of 60 sensitivity charts describing the Venezuelan coast. The Venezuelan oil industry is in the privileged position of not only having a master national oil spill contingency plan but also having available the experience to carry out the plan due to everyday experience accumulated in cleanup operations on Lake Maracaibo. The Venezuelan National Oil Spill Contingency Plan is expected to serve as a model for future Caribbean plans.

scholarly journals Level Set Segmentation of Oil Spills from Earth Observatory Images Via Spatial KFCM Clustering

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1581-1587
Keyword(s):  
Level Set ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Fuzzy Clustering ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Level Set Segmentation ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Clustering ◽  
Level Set Evolution ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Cv Model

In this paper, we present a novel technique called spatial kernel fuzzy clustering with adaptive level set approach for Oil spill image segmentation. The proposed method is diversified into two stages; in the first stage the input is pre-processing by Spatial Kernel Fuzzy C-Means clustering (KFCM) to improve the clustering efficiency and less sensitive to noise. In the second stage, it necessary to use the level set method to refine the previous stage segmentation results. The performance of the level set segmentation is subjected to proper initialization and optimal formation of directing parameters. The controlling parameters of level set evolution are also projected after the results of kernel fuzzy clustering. The proposed method, spatial kernel fuzzy adaptive level set algorithm is enhanced the local minima problem. Such developments enable level set handling and more strong segmentation. The results confirm its effectiveness for oil spill images over the conventional CV model i.e number of iterations, Computational time and PSNR

Investigation of Interaction Between Oil Spills and Hydrostatic Changes

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taghi Tavakoli ◽  
Jo̸rgen Amdahl ◽  
Bernt J. Leira
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Integration Technique ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Oil Leakage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Second Procedure

In this paper an assessment of the potential oil outflow from tankers in the case of grounding is presented. The purpose of the study is to investigate how the introduction of double sides, double bottom and damage location will influence the amount of oil escaping from a damaged tank. Furthermore, the objective is to analyze the interaction between oil outflow and hydrostatic changes. In a previous paper, OMAE2008 [1], the pressure integration technique has been utilized to estimate the spill rate and the potential amount of spill without considering the hydrostatic changes. The results were confirmed by CFD simulations. The principles of this technique were presented and its advantages and disadvantages were discussed. In this paper interaction between oil leakage and hydrostatic changes is studied. In order to investigate possible additional oil spill caused by hydrostatic changes two procedures are utilized. In the first procedure, it is assumed that the oil flows out from the cargo tank or water flows in till hydrostatic equilibriums is attained, and subsequently the buoyancy changes due to oil outflow or water inflow are calculated. The additional oil spills caused by the hydrostatic changes are then calculated. The computations are carried out iteratively and continued until the difference between oil loss volumes obtained from two consecutive computations reaches a prescribed tolerance. In reality, there is no time lag between the buoyancy changes and oil loss volume. In order to eliminate the lag, time domain procedure has been applied. In the second procedure, the oil spill and hydrostatic changes are calculated simultaneously in each time step.

PROBABILISTIC LONG RANGE FORECAST SYSTEM FOR OIL SPILL TRAJECTORIES IN THE GULF OF BISCAY (SPAIN)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 299721
Author(s):  
Mar Cárdenas ◽  
Ana J. Abascal ◽  
Sonia Castanedo ◽  
Yanira Guanche ◽  
Fernando J. Méndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Transition Probability Matrix ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Time Step

The increasing number of accidental oil spills has motivated the development and implementation of operational oceanography systems (OOS) to help in the decision process during oil spill emergency situations. Currently, most of the national and regional OOS have been setup for short-term (up to 5 days) oil spill forecast. However, recent accidental oil spills such as Prestige in Spain (2002) or Deep Horizon in Gulf of Mexico (2010), have revealed the importance of having larger prediction horizons (up to 30 days) in regional-scale areas. In this work, we have developed a stochastic methodology based on the combination of clustering algorithms and Markov chains of first order to provide medium term (15–30 days) probabilistic oil spill forecasts. The method encompasses the following steps: (1) classification of representative atmospheric patterns using clustering techniques (PCA and k-means [1]); (2) determination the transition probability matrix associated with the Markov chain. The element of the transition matrix (pij) represents the probability of moving from a cluster “i” to a cluster “j” in one time step. In case an accident occurs, the Markov chain provides through the transition probability matrix, the evolution of ocean-atmospheric conditions during the forecasting period; (3) this result is used to force TESEO Lagrangian transport model [2] which allows the characterization of trajectories in probabilistic terms during the forecasting period. The methodology has been applied in the Gulf of Biscay (Spain) to simulate the evolution of oil slick observations and drifter buoys gathered during the Prestige accident. The cumulative probability maps have been compared with these data (oil slicks observations and drifter data), showing that actual trajectories are consistent with the probability of contamination obtained. Results seem promising and we expect to reduce uncertainty by incorporating autoregressive logistic models to help improving the possible evolution of the ocean-atmospheric conditions. A detailed description of the methodology, application and validation will be shown in the presentation and in the final paper.

scholarly journals TRAJECTORY MODEL FOR IDENTIFICATION OF OIL SPILL AROUND THE COAST OF PARI ISLAND, SERIBU ISLANDS, NORTH JAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutiara R. Putri ◽  
Agus Setiawan ◽  
Titi Sari ◽  
B. Mayer ◽  
T. Pohlmann
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Oil Drilling ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
The North ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Origin Of Oil ◽  
Offshore Oil

Oil spills at sea are common in the shipping lanes of the ship as well as the locations of offshore oil drilling. Unfortunately, in every occurrence of the oil spill, we only see the effects after the occurrence, without knowing the original source. Indonesian Numerical Coastal Environmental Assessment (IndoNACE) is research collaboration between Indonesian and Germany by applying satellite data, numerical modeling, and field observations to make an assessment on environmental consequences to oil spills at sea. One of the locations of these research activities is Pari Island, Seribu Islands, North Jakarta. Simulation of hydrodynamic models around Pulau Pari with Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model (HAMSOM) was performed using tides, surface winds, and density difference of seawater as input. Afterwards, by utilizing results of the hydrodynamic model, the spreading of oil spills as well as the origin of the oil spills were estimated using forward and backward trajectory models, respectively. In the case study of Pari Island, there is a presence of thin film of oil in 5 November 2015 that disappears after one day. We suggest that the origin of oil spills were found on the beach Pari Island is expected from the east - northeast of Thousand Islands and is likely from the subsea pipeline which runs from the north to the city of Jakarta or shipping lanes through the Indonesian archipelagic sea lanes (ALKI) I of Karimata Strait up to Java Sea and the Jakarta Bay.

Study to Improve the Computation of the Oil Spill

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 4471-4479
Author(s):  
Duongthi Thuy Nga
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Distribution ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Moving Boundary ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Oil Transport ◽  
Oil Distribution ◽  
Nested Grid

This paper presents an improved oil spill model, coupled with a current model based on a 2D finite-difference grid. The aim of this study is to make the models more accurate and faster than the old ones. The current model gives the velocity distribution on the surface of water body and in the case of transient analysis, the velocity distribution is computed at each computational time step. This velocity distribution will be taken as the input for the oil transport simulation model. The oil spill model computes and predicts the oil distribution and the spill size. There are two improvements in this research: moving boundary to get the more correct results and nested grid to help the models run fast. The computational results in the study area are agreement to experimental results and real data in Can Gio coastal zone. So they can be applied in reality.

ECOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE VULNERABILITY OF THE COASTS OF THE KARA SEA TO THE OIL SPILL

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ermolov ◽  
Alexander Ermolov
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
International System ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
International Systems

International experience of oil spill response in the sea defines the priority of coastal protection and the need to identify as most valuable in ecological terms and the most vulnerable areas. Methodological approaches to the assessing the vulnerability of Arctic coasts to oil spills based on international systems of Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and geomorphological zoning are considered in the article. The comprehensive environmental and geomorphological approach allowed us to form the morphodynamic basis for the classification of seacoasts and try to adapt the international system of indexes to the shores of the Kara Sea taking into account the specific natural conditions. This work has improved the expert assessments of the vulnerability and resilience of the seacoasts.

Is Hydraulics Over-Used or Under-Used in Storm Drainage?

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Ben Chie Yen
Keyword(s):  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Flow Routing ◽  
Kinematic Wave Equation ◽  
Storm Drainage ◽  
Saint Venant Equations ◽  
Unsteady Flow Routing ◽  
Selection Of

Urban drainage models utilize hydraulics of different levels. Developing or selecting a model appropriate to a particular project is not an easy task. Not knowing the hydraulic principles and numerical techniques used in an existing model, users often misuse and abuse the model. Hydraulically, the use of the Saint-Venant equations is not always necessary. In many cases the kinematic wave equation is inadequate because of the backwater effect, whereas in designing sewers, often Manning's formula is adequate. The flow travel time provides a guide in selecting the computational time step At, which in turn, together with flow unsteadiness, helps in the selection of steady or unsteady flow routing. Often the noninertia model is the appropriate model for unsteady flow routing, whereas delivery curves are very useful for stepwise steady nonuniform flow routing and for determination of channel capacity.

An assessment of toxic metals content in the marine sediments of the Shuaiba Industrial Area, Kuwait, after the oil spill during the Gulf War

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Al-Muzaini ◽  
P. G. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Very High

A field study was carried out involving seven fixed sampling stations. The sampling locations were selected to cover the distribution of pollutants in the Shuaiba Industrial Area (SIA), which was contaminated with oil released from oil wells and broken pipelines and with a vast amount of burnt and unburnt crude oil from the burning and gushing oil wells. The samples were collected biweekly between July 1993 and July 1994. The concentrations of V, Ni, Cr, Cd and Pb were determined and compared with the previously collected baseline data to assess the degree of environmental damage caused due to the oil spills during the Gulf war. The average concentrations (mg/kg) of various elements in the marine sediment were 17.3 for V, 30.8 for Ni, 55.5 for Cr, 0.02 for Cd and 1.95 for Pb. Our results show that even after the heavy spillage of oil, associated metal concentrations were not very high compared with previously reported base line values.

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