Decentralised Control Design for Load Mitigation in Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTS)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Sandquist ◽  
Geir Moe ◽  
Olimpo Anaya-Lara
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Energy Capture ◽  
Pitch Control ◽  
Operating Region ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
Decentralised Control ◽  
And Control

In modern MW-size machines it has become a common practice to introduce controllers that provide active damping of turbine components to reduce blade, tower and drive-train loads, whilst optimising energy capture. However, as wind turbines become larger and more flexible, these controllers have to be designed with great care as the coupling between flexible modes increases and so does the potential to destabilise the turbine. The most direct method to address the above issues has been to exploit the pitch control capabilities. Individual Pitch Control (IPC) has been proposed many times over the last few years for load mitigation. Bearing this in mind, this paper investigates two different approaches to design a controller to pitch each blade individually in the wind turbine operating region III. The first one is a decentralised control algorithm and the second one is an H∞ loop shaping design. A controllability analysis of the wind turbine is also included in the paper. The investigation is conducted based on the NREL 5MW benchmark wind turbine. Turbine modeling and control is conducted in FAST and Simulink.

The Straight-Bladed Morphing Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David MacPhee ◽  
Asfaw Beyene
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Power Coefficient ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Pitch Control ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
Novel Concept

Blade pitch control has been extremely important for the development of Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs), allowing for greater efficiency over a wider range of operational regimes when compared to rigid-bladed designs. For Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs), blade pitching is inherently more difficult due to a dependence of attack angle on turbine armature location, shaft speed, and wind speed. As a result, there have been very few practical pitch control schemes put forward for VAWTs, which may be a major reason why this wind turbine type enjoys a much lower market share as compared to HAWTs. To alleviate this issue, the flexible, straight-bladed vertical-axis turbine is presented, which can passively adapt its geometry to local aerodynamic loadings and serves as a low-cost blade pitch control strategy increasing efficiency and startup capabilities. Using two-dimensional fluid-structure action simulations, this novel concept is compared to an identical rigid one and is proven to be superior in terms of power coefficient due to decreased torque minima. Moreover, due to the flexible nature of the blades, the morphing turbine achieves less severe oscillatory loadings. As a result, the morphing blade design is expected to not only increase efficiency but also system longevity without additional system costs usually associated with active pitch control schemes.

scholarly journals Modeling and Control of Wind Turbine

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Arturo Soriano ◽  
Wen Yu ◽  
Jose de Jesus Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Wind Turbine Control ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
And Control

In recent years, the energy production by wind turbines has been increasing, because its production is environmentally friendly; therefore, the technology developed for the production of energy through wind turbines brings great challenges in the investigation. This paper studies the characteristics of the wind turbine in the market and lab; it is focused on the recent advances of the wind turbine modeling with the aerodynamic power and the wind turbine control with the nonlinear, fuzzy, and predictive techniques.

Fast CFD Simulation of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio De Bellis ◽  
Luciano A. Catalano ◽  
Andrea Dadone
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Wall Functions ◽  
Mesh Topology ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
Time Required

The numerical simulation of horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT) has been analysed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the aim of obtaining reliable but at the same time affordable wind turbine simulations, while significantly reducing required overall resources (time, computational power, user skills), for example in an optimization perspective. Starting from mesh generation, time required to extract preliminary aerodynamic predictions of a wind turbine blade has been shortened by means of some simplifications, i.e.: fully unstructured mesh topology, reduced grid size, incompressible flow assumption, use of wall functions, commercial available CFD package employment. Ansys Fluent software package has been employed to solve Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations, and results obtained have been compared against NREL Phase VI campaign data. The whole CFD process (pre-processing, processing, postprocessing) has been analysed and the chosen final settings are the result of a trade-off between numerical accuracy and required resources. Besides the introduced simplifications, numerical predictions of shaft torque, forces and flow distribution are in good agreement with experimental data and as accurate as those calcuted by other more sophisticated works.

scholarly journals Modeling and control of Type-2 wind turbines for sub-synchronous resonance damping

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Mancilla-David ◽  
José Luis Domínguez-García ◽  
Mikel De Prada ◽  
Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt ◽  
Mohit Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Resonance Damping ◽  
And Control

Vertical axis wind turbine operation in icing conditions: A review study

2021 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2110618
Author(s):  
Syed Abdur Rahman Tahir ◽  
Muhammad Shakeel Virk
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Accretion Physics

Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) can be a promising solution for electricity production in remote ice prone territories of high north, where good wind resources are available, but icing is a challenge that can affect its optimum operation. A lot of research has been made to study the icing effects on the conventional horizontal axis wind turbines, but the literature about vertical axis wind turbines operating in icing conditions is still scarce, despite the importance of this topic. This paper presents a review study about existing knowledge of VAWT operation in icing condition. Focus has been made in better understanding of ice accretion physics along VAWT blades and methods to detect and mitigate icing effects.

Study on a global control strategy for rotation speed with different work states in variable-speed constant-frequency wind turbines

2011 ◽  
Vol 225 (7) ◽  
pp. 968-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Zheng ◽  
H Xu ◽  
X Wang ◽  
J Zou
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Constant Frequency ◽  
Global Control ◽  
Control Rules ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

This paper studies the operation of wind turbines in terms of three phases: start-up phase, power-generation phase, and shutdown phase. Relationships between the operational phase and control rules for the speed of rotation are derived for each of these phases. Taking into account the characteristics of the control strategies in the different operational phases, a global control strategy is designed to ensure the stable operation of the wind turbine in all phases. The results of simulations are presented that indicate that the proposed algorithm can control the individual phases when considered in isolation and also when they are considered in combination. Thus, a global control strategy for a wind turbine that is based on a single algorithm is presented which could have significant implications on the control and use of wind turbines.

Unsteady aerodynamic modeling and control of the wind turbine with trailing edge flap

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 063304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenguang Zhang ◽  
Yifeng Wang ◽  
Ruijie Liu ◽  
Haipeng Liu ◽  
Xu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Aerodynamic Modeling ◽  
Unsteady Aerodynamic ◽  
Trailing Edge Flap ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Design of advanced airfoil for stall-regulated wind turbines

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-413
Author(s):  
Francesco Grasso ◽  
Domenico Coiro ◽  
Nadia Bizzarrini ◽  
Giuseppe Calise
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
High Wind ◽  
Pitch Control ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
Machine Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Numerical Optimisation

Abstract. Nowadays, all the modern megawatt-class wind turbines make use of pitch control to optimise the rotor performance and control the turbine. However, for kilowatt-range machines, stall-regulated solutions are still attractive and largely used for their simplicity and robustness. In the design phase, the aerodynamics plays a crucial role, especially concerning the selection/design of the necessary airfoils. This is because the airfoil performance is supposed to guarantee high wind turbine performance but also the necessary machine control capabilities. In the present work, the design of a new airfoil dedicated to stall machines is discussed. The design strategy makes use of a numerical optimisation scheme, where a gradient-based algorithm is coupled with the RFOIL code and an original Bezier-curves-based parameterisation to describe the airfoil shape. The performances of the new airfoil are compared in free- and fixed-transition conditions. In addition, the performance of the rotor is analysed, comparing the impact of the new geometry with alternative candidates. The results show that the new airfoil offers better performance and control than existing candidates do.

scholarly journals Voltage Recovery Control Techniques of Grid Connected Variable Speed Wind Turbines at a Short Circuit

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 868-873
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Pitch Control ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Voltage Recovery ◽  
Dynamic Slip

The documented investigation in this paper examines main power quality for wind turbines and its connection with the public grid. This main goal has been to investigate most popular type of wind turbines which are grid connected using doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) at normal operation, as well as voltage control of these wind turbines after clearing a lines short circuit in the utility grid. This paper introduces the configuration of main portions of grid connected turbines, which have an importance in the wind power plants operation. It also proposes a new compact modeling of these wind turbines, which has a feature that the expressions of most plant portions are free of any complex or details that described in other past models. Most of last models are spotted on the normal operation of single wind turbines, without consideration of gird interaction faults. The proposed control techniques are new combined and concentrated on the voltage recovery, which plays very important role in the power quality and stability of wind turbines plants which are connected with the grid. Net simulation results show that the combination of pitch control and dynamic slip control could to have power system stability efficiently, and restore the voltage to its normal condition. A simulation of wind turbine using pitch control and dynamic slip control are developed by the simulation program is called power system computer aiding design (PSCAD) and carried out the stability investigations respecting to short circuit in external power lines system. After clearing of the fault, the recovery of voltage at the terminals of wind turbine should to rebuild, then the wind power turbine should going to its normal case. Control of the pitch angle or generator slip can adjusting the aerodynamic torque and the electromagnetic torque at the turbine which can be help to recovery the voltage at the terminals of wind turbine. The results of case study simulation are proved that pitch and dynamic slip controls are methods to improve the recovery of voltage effectively and going to the system stability quickly, especially the combined controls of dynamic slip and pitch angel together.

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