Laboratory Experimentations for New Hydrothermal Monitoring Systems Using ADCPs

Deep ocean mining in a hydrothermal area needs careful environmental impact assessments in terms of preservation and mitigation of biodiversity. The General Environmental Technos Co. Ltd., or KANSO TECHNOS, for short, has participated in environmental impact assessments in hydrothermal areas in the Izu-Ogasawara and the East China Sea areas (Ishida et al., 2011). Through the experience, we suggest a method of using acoustic systems such as acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) for monitoring of suspended matters and benthos in hydrothermal areas. Thus, we try to do in-situ observations, called Tow-yo (or Towing) observations with ADCPs (Komaki and Ura, 2009; Komaki et al., 2010). This system has a great advantage in enabling the measurement of great environmental factors, echo intensity and current velocity in a large range. To confirm exactly what the substances are and how large they are from the measured echo intensity data, we tried laboratory experiments in water tanks with echo sounders and turbidity sensors. These results will finally be integrated in a simulation model to predict substances from in-situ data in deep water for future monitoring systems.

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On the Quality of Real-Time Altimeter Gridded Fields: Comparison with In Situ Data

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology ◽

10.1175/2008jtecho556.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 556-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Ananda Pascual ◽

Christine Boone ◽

Gilles Larnicol ◽

Pierre-Yves Le Traon

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Sea Level ◽

Tide Gauge ◽

Deep Ocean ◽

Velocity Estimation ◽

Time Data ◽

In Situ Data ◽

Delayed Time

Abstract The timeliness of satellite altimeter measurements has a significant effect on their value for operational oceanography. In this paper, an Observing System Experiment (OSE) approach is used to assess the quality of real-time altimeter products, a key issue for robust monitoring and forecasting of the ocean state. In addition, the effect of two improved geophysical corrections and the number of missions that are combined in the altimeter products are also analyzed. The improved tidal and atmospheric corrections have a significant effect in coastal areas (0–100 km from the shore), and a comparison with tide gauge observations shows a slightly better agreement with the gridded delayed-time sea level anomalies (SLAs) with two altimeters [Jason-1 and European Remote Sensing Satellite-2 (ERS-2)/Envisat] using the new geophysical corrections (mean square differences in percent of tide gauge variance of 35.3%) than those with four missions [Jason-1, ERS/Envisat, Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidoninterlaced, and Geosat Follow-On] but using the old corrections (36.7%). In the deep ocean, however, the correction improvements have little influence. The performance of fast delivery products versus delayed-time data is compared using independent in situ data (tide gauge and drifter data). It clearly highlights the degradation of real-time SLA maps versus the delayed-time SLA maps: four altimeters are needed in real time to get the similar quality performance as two altimeters in delayed time (sea level error misfit around 36%, and zonal and meridional velocity estimation errors of 27% and 33%, respectively). This study proves that the continuous improvement of geophysical corrections is very important, and that it is essential to stay above a minimum threshold of four available altimetric missions to capture the main space and time oceanic scales in fast delivery products.

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Growth of the coccolithophore <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> in light- and nutrient-limited batch reactors: relevance for the BIOSOPE deep ecological niche of coccolithophores

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-13-5983-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 5983-6001 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Laura Perrin ◽

Ian Probert ◽

Gerald Langer ◽

Giovanni Aloisi

Keyword(s):

Ecological Niche ◽

Deep Ocean ◽

Emiliania Huxleyi ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

Phosphate Limitation ◽

Batch Reactors ◽

In Situ Data ◽

Physiological Modelling ◽

In Situ Conditions

Abstract. Coccolithophores are unicellular calcifying marine algae that play an important role in the oceanic carbon cycle via their cellular processes of photosynthesis (a CO2 sink) and calcification (a CO2 source). In contrast to the well-studied, surface-water coccolithophore blooms visible from satellites, the lower photic zone is a poorly known but potentially important ecological niche for coccolithophores in terms of primary production and carbon export to the deep ocean. In this study, the physiological responses of an Emiliania huxleyi strain to conditions simulating the deep niche in the oligotrophic gyres along the BIOSOPE transect in the South Pacific Gyre were investigated. We carried out batch culture experiments with an E. huxleyi strain isolated from the BIOSOPE transect, reproducing the in situ conditions of light and nutrient (nitrate and phosphate) limitation. By simulating coccolithophore growth using an internal stores (Droop) model, we were able to constrain fundamental physiological parameters for this E. huxleyi strain. We show that simple batch experiments, in conjunction with physiological modelling, can provide reliable estimates of fundamental physiological parameters for E. huxleyi that are usually obtained experimentally in more time-consuming and costly chemostat experiments. The combination of culture experiments, physiological modelling and in situ data from the BIOSOPE cruise show that E. huxleyi growth in the deep BIOSOPE niche is limited by availability of light and nitrate. This study contributes more widely to the understanding of E. huxleyi physiology and behaviour in a low-light and oligotrophic environment of the ocean.

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STORM ICE OIL WIND WAVE WATCH SYSTEM (SIOWS): WEB GIS APPLICATION FOR MONITORING THE ARCTIC

Proceedings of International Conference "Managinag risks to coastal regions and communities in a changinag world" (EMECS'11 - SeaCoasts XXVI) ◽

10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93852689d4.28131112 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Myasoedov ◽

Sergey Azarov ◽

Ekaterina Balashova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Satellite Data ◽

Wind Wave ◽

Arctic Region ◽

Web Gis ◽

The Arctic ◽

Flexible Tool ◽

In Situ Data ◽

Current State ◽

Watch System

Working with satellite data, has long been an issue for users which has often prevented from a wider use of these data because of Volume, Access, Format and Data Combination. The purpose of the Storm Ice Oil Wind Wave Watch System (SIOWS) developed at Satellite Oceanography Laboratory (SOLab) is to solve the main issues encountered with satellite data and to provide users with a fast and flexible tool to select and extract data within massive archives that match exactly its needs or interest improving the efficiency of the monitoring system of geophysical conditions in the Arctic. SIOWS - is a Web GIS, designed to display various satellite, model and in situ data, it uses developed at SOLab storing, processing and visualization technologies for operational and archived data. It allows synergistic analysis of both historical data and monitoring of the current state and dynamics of the "ocean-atmosphere-cryosphere" system in the Arctic region, as well as Arctic system forecasting based on thermodynamic models with satellite data assimilation.

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Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators Emplaced in the Deep Ocean, Recover or Dispose in Situ

10.21236/ada168027 ◽

1986 ◽

Author(s):

H. V. Weiss ◽

J. F. Vogt

Keyword(s):

Deep Ocean ◽

Thermoelectric Generators

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De-politicising seawater desalination: Environmental Impact Assessments in the Atacama mining Region, Chile

Environmental Science & Policy ◽

10.1016/j.envsci.2021.03.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 120 ◽

pp. 187-194

Author(s):

Cecilia Campero ◽

Leila M. Harris ◽

Nadja C. Kunz

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Seawater Desalination ◽

Environmental Impact Assessments ◽

Mining Region

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A Thread/Fabric-Based Band as A Flexible and Wearable Microfluidic Device for Sweat Sensing and Monitoring

Lab on a Chip ◽

10.1039/d0lc01075h ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhiqi Zhao ◽

Qiujin Li ◽

Linna Chen ◽

Yu Zhao ◽

Jixian Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microfluidic Device ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Monitoring Systems ◽

Biological Analytes

Flexible biosensors for monitoring systems have emerged as a promising portable diagnostics platform due to their potential for in situ point-of-care (POC) analytic devices. Assessment of biological analytes in sweat...

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Critical Dynamics of Defects and Mechanisms of Damage-Failure Transitions in Fatigue

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14102554 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2554

Author(s):

Oleg Naimark ◽

Vladimir Oborin ◽

Mikhail Bannikov ◽

Dmitry Ledon

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Damage ◽

Kinetic Equations ◽

Experimental Methodology ◽

Preliminary Deformation ◽

Scaling Properties ◽

In Situ Data ◽

Number Of Cycles ◽

Fish Eye ◽

Very High

An experimental methodology was developed for estimating a very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) life of the aluminum alloy AMG-6 subjected to preliminary deformation. The analysis of fatigue damage staging is based on the measurement of elastic modulus decrement according to “in situ” data of nonlinear dynamics of free-end specimen vibrations at the VHCF test. The correlation of fatigue damage staging and fracture surface morphology was studied to establish the scaling properties and kinetic equations for damage localization, “fish-eye” nucleation, and transition to the Paris crack kinetics. These equations, based on empirical parameters related to the structure of the material, allows us to estimate the number of cycles for the nucleation and advance of fatigue crack.

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Novel Application and Validation of a Method to Assess Visual Impacts of Rotating Wind Turbine Blades Within Woodland Areas

PFG – Journal of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Science ◽

10.1007/s41064-021-00141-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

U. Nopp-Mayr ◽

F. Kunz ◽

F. Suppan ◽

E. Schöll ◽

J. Coppes

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Wind Turbine ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Power Plants ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Forest Canopy ◽

Turbine Blades ◽

Wind Turbine Blades ◽

Environmental Impact Assessments ◽

Independent Field

AbstractIncreasing numbers of wind power plants (WPP) are constructed across the globe to reduce the anthropogenic contribution to global warming. There are, however, concerns on the effects of WPP on human health as well as related effects on wildlife. To address potential effects of WPP in environmental impact assessments, existing models accounting for shadow flickering and noise are widely applied. However, a standardized, yet simple and widely applicable proxy for the visibility of rotating wind turbines in woodland areas was largely lacking up to date. We combined land cover information of forest canopy extracted from orthophotos and airborne laser scanning (LiDAR) data to represent the visibility of rotating wind turbines in five woodland study sites with a high spatial resolution. Performing an in-situ validation in five study areas across Europe which resulted in a unique sample of 1738 independent field observations, we show that our approach adequately predicts from where rotating wind turbine blades are visible within woodlands or not. We thus provide strong evidence, that our approach yields a valuable proxy of the visibility of moving rotor blades with high resolution which in turn can be applied in environmental impact assessments of WPP within woodlands worldwide.

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Measuring and inferring the ice thickness distribution of four glaciers in the Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.1017/jog.2020.104 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Lander Van Tricht ◽

Philippe Huybrechts ◽

Jonas Van Breedam ◽

Johannes J. Fürst ◽

Oleg Rybak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Validation ◽

Thickness Distribution ◽

Tien Shan ◽

Ice Thickness ◽

Ice Volume ◽

In Situ Data ◽

Radio Echo Sounding ◽

Thickness Measurements ◽

Tien Shan Mountains

Abstract Glaciers in the Tien Shan mountains contribute considerably to the fresh water used for irrigation, households and energy supply in the dry lowland areas of Kyrgyzstan and its neighbouring countries. To date, reconstructions of the current ice volume and ice thickness distribution remain scarce, and accurate data are largely lacking at the local scale. Here, we present a detailed ice thickness distribution of Ashu-Tor, Bordu, Golubin and Kara-Batkak glaciers derived from radio-echo sounding measurements and modelling. All the ice thickness measurements are used to calibrate three individual models to estimate the ice thickness in inaccessible areas. A cross-validation between modelled and measured ice thickness for a subset of the data is performed to attribute a weight to every model and to assemble a final composite ice thickness distribution for every glacier. Results reveal the thickest ice on Ashu-Tor glacier with values up to 201 ± 12 m. The ice thickness measurements and distributions are also compared with estimates composed without the use of in situ data. These estimates approach the total ice volume well, but local ice thicknesses vary substantially.

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