Port Logistics Policy of Japanese Government for Strengthening Global Competitiveness of Industry in Case of Ocean Space Utilization

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Takahashi ◽  
Shinichi Urabe ◽  
Shuichi Umeno ◽  
Keiji Kozawa ◽  
Isao Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Container Logistics ◽  
Freight Logistics ◽  
The World ◽  
Port Logistics

A port logistics is classified into two kinds, a container logistics and a bulk logistics. In the field of a container logistics, a terminal operator pursues large-scale management of its container terminals by global M&A corresponding to the global growth of the container handling number, which resulted in container terminal operators’ oligopolization. In the field of a bulk freight logistics, the private enterprises, which invest in and improve port equipment by themselves, are changing in the direction to reduce number of handling ports and to invest in port equipment intensively corresponding to the vigorous resource demand of the world. The economic activities of the private enterprises are progressing on the basis of the management strategy which differs between “oligopolization” of a container logistics and “selection and concentration” of a bulk freight logistics. On the other hand, since management of ports is the basis supporting a national logistics, each country of the world carries out various public participations, such as a legal support and a financial support. For example, in Japan, although ‘a port authority system’ was brought to Japan almost 60 years ago by U.S.A. and the management right of main ports were transferred to local governments from national government, Japanese government has been taking the lead in implementation of many policies to strength global competitiveness of industry reflecting the flow of global privatization and concession. Recently, many countries have been changing their public participation policies. A country has established the system which increases private investment and reduces public financial support since capital investment remaining power has decreased according to aggravation of the finances of national government and local governments. The other country has established the system which backs up logistics activity with public support. This paper, to utilize ocean space, will show a port logistics policy of Japanese government, particularly the historical flow and the prospective view of the public participation to a port logistics based on the logistics trend of the world.

Empirical Research on Constitutional Drafting Processes Following War or Internal Disturbances in Iraq, Tunisia, Kosovo and Sudan

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-339
Author(s):  
Habiba Abubaker
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Building Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Complex Procedure ◽  
State Of Affairs

Constitutional drafting is a complex procedure. Every year, nonetheless, the world witnesses the birth of several constitutions. The drafting of constitutions, however, differs greatly from one to the other; this depends mainly on the state of affairs in each State and the causes behind the need for a new constitution. In post-conflict States, the success of the constitutional drafting process depends on various factors including, inter alia, the inclusiveness of the process; transparency; equal representation in the bodies involved in the drafting; public participation; as well as the role the international community plays. All of these factors have great implications on the success, or failure, of not only the constitutional drafting process, but also on the whole peace-building process in post-conflict societies. In other words, a successful constitutional drafting process must be nationally-led and owned while targeting the root causes of the conflict. While it may be aided by international components, the process must reflect the geo-ideological differences within a State, whether cultural, tribal, ethnic or religious. This article gives an empirical account of the constitutional drafting processes adopted as a consequence of internal conflict in Iraq, Tunisia, Kosovo, and Sudan. The paper discusses the general drafting process; the bodies involved; procedural shortcomings; and any international influence.

scholarly journals Dwikenegaraan Etnis Tionghoa di Luar Tiongkok: Suatu Analisis terhadap Perspektif Pemerintah Tiongkok

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Joanessa M.J.S. Seda
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
Cultural Connectedness ◽  
Colonial Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Chinese Overseas ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Teaching Chinese

<p>The paper is about the historical efforts made by the Chinese Qing dynasty up to the current government to bond the Chinese overseas throughout the world to funnel their financial gain to the homeland. It shows that the policy to take advantage of the Chinese overseas to send their revenues to develop China, was adopted even during the nationalist governments. However, the analysis poses the strong reason of the tie of the Chinese overseas to the homeland, that it was not only given just for its financial support, but that it has been generated by a strong sense of cultural connectedness. On the other hand, although, culturally, the Chinese are attached to their cultural heritage, efforts to force the Chinese overseas to continually support the homeland were not that successful. In the nineteenth century, the Chinese in Indonesia during the colonial time, have been granted by the emperor, a double citizenship.</p><br /> But after the Mao downfall, some of the Southeast Asia countries, including Indonesia, has opposed communism in the region, thus rejected the policy. The republic of Deng finally revoked the doublecitizenship policy and as a result, encouraged promotion of teaching Chinese language overseas and sending scholars to study abroad.

scholarly journals The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Remittance Recipient Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-128
Author(s):  
Ksenia Bondarenko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Imf

The advent of the new coronavirus hinders the fragile welfare of migrant workers. Those economic sectors with a large migrant workforce appear to be those hit hardest during the lockdown, resulting in surge in migrant unemployment and a plunge in the volume of remittances. This has become yet another factor putting pressure on the gross domestic product (GDP) growth, balance of payments, and budgets of countries that are net remittance recipients, while also triggering rising poverty levels. This paper evaluates the impact of the current pandemic (and respective economic downturn) on remittance inflows to recipient countries and tackles the potential contribution that international financial institutions could make to alleviate the adverse economic aftermath. In Central Asia and Southern Caucuses (except Azerbaijan) emergency financing granted by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank covers 9–20% of the overall size of the annual remittances received. This financial support could be rendered insufficient due to the sharp decrease in the volume of remittances, decline in tourism revenue, and weakening economic activity, while the poor quality of state institutions may hinder the efficient distribution of accumulated resources. In Europe, the IMF and the World Bank provided approximately $7.7 billion in financing to low- and middle-income countries for such purposes as economic stabilization, support for population welfare, and financing of internal/external deficit, of which $5 billion is represented by the new Ukraine-IMF Stand-By Agreement. With the exception of Ukraine, Macedonia, and Bulgaria (the latter having received no loans/grants so far), the cover index for European remittance-recipients stands within a range of 2–18% over 2019 remittance inflows.Therefore, it is most feasible that the current 2020 GDP growth forecasts made by the IMF, the World Bank, and local governments are inaccurate in the light of the insufficient financial support provided by international financial organizations. Additional pressure on the GDP figures might stem from further extension and/or toughening of the lockdown period, as well as from uncertainty regarding the revival of regular business activity and the timeline for resuming migrant remittances.

scholarly journals THE BENCHMARKING PRACTICES OF THE ECONOMICALLY FREEST COUNTRIES IN EUROPE AND THE WORLD

Ekonomika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-97
Author(s):  
Edgars Rožans
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western World ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
National Image ◽  
The World

In our increasingly globalised economy, global competitiveness of countries and the means to measure it gain increasing significance. One of the ways to measure global competitiveness is by comparing an extent of the economic freedom that a country has, which also can, as surveys show, largely explain differences in living standards across the world. Seeing as how European economy is similar to most of the Western world capitalist economies in the sense that it has, for a number of reasons, very different economic policy traditions than many countries in other parts of the world, we may approach this topic from a European perspective; consequently, we can see that the main hypothesis of the work can be confirmed, and it is possible, for reasons based in economic or national image nature, to discern which is the freest of world economies by adopting the benchmarking practices of the continent. Nevertheless, the other hypothesis of the work does not fulfill itself, meaning that by adopting taxing policies of some of the wealthiest European Union economies it is not possible anymore to reach the result of the freest economy, both in the world and particularly Europe. Looking at the components and scores of the Index of Economic Freedom, it becomes apparent that the inclusion of government share components in its methodology is very controversial, similarly as the labour freedom component and even monetary freedom, albeit in lesser extent.

scholarly journals Kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah dan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Potensi Daerah

Lentera Hukum ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Mifta Farid ◽  
Antikowati Antikowati ◽  
Rosita Indrayati
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ongoing Activity ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Potentials ◽  
The Relationship

This article describes the relationship between the authority local governments and participation in the management of the potential of the region. The authors argue that local government has a broad authority within its jurisdiction to manage local potentials. One of the tasks borne by government is by following the country, namely hold some of the state as organization power, one of them is given to the public and private in publishing licensing. On one side, the role of the community is very important in the management of the potential of the region as a form of concern of the community development of area, then with the participation of the community hope to increase the income of the around and for the local government assets. On the other hand, residents as a their nets a an ongoing activity. Later in this article explain also forms of public participation in the management of the potential of the region. This article use the study literature regarding the authority local governments and the study legislation about the authority local governments that applies. The results of the study concluded that extent authority local governments one of which is the licensing on the management regional potential, on the other side, required public participation in the management of potential an area. Keywords: Local Government, Public Participation, Local Potentials

scholarly journals Effects of the Pillars of Competitiveness on the Competitive Positions of Poland and the Visegrad Group Countries in the Post‑Accession Period

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Molendowski ◽  
Paweł Folfas
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Comparable Data ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
Global Competitiveness Report

The article presents the results of an analysis aimed at assessing the effects of fundamental factors (pillars) on the international positions and competitiveness of the economies of Poland and the other Visegrad Group (V4) countries. It attempts to verify the hypothesis that in shaping their international competitive position, the V4 economies should rely more on efficiency enhancers as well as innovation and sophistication factors. The competitive positions of the economies covered  and the changes thereof were determined on the basis of the Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) editions published by the World Economic Forum. The period under examination includes the years 2004–2017, but owing to the lack of comparable data, it was narrowed to the years 2006–2017. The article ends with a summary of the most important conclusions from the analysis.

scholarly journals Covid-19 pandemic in central Asia: policy and environmental implications and responses for SMES support in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 05027
Author(s):  
Konstantin Kurpayanidi ◽  
Alisher Abdullaev
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Business Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

Today the economy of Uzbekistan, as well as the majority of other countries of the world, is developing in conditions of uncertainty. On the one hand, it is associated with the consequences of new coronavirus pandemic, and on the other - with the introduction of forced restrictions, which hinder business development. This article deals with the necessity to provide financial support to business during the coronavirus pandemic in developing countries. It shows the impact of measures to support small and medium enterprises on economic development. Finally, it outlines recommendations for additional interventions and further research.

Stimulation of the Socio-Economic and Innovative Development of the National and Regional Economy: Taking Into Account the Principles of Budget System and Taxation

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Shalimov ◽  
◽  
Valerii Reshetov ◽  
Тatiana Melnyk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
And Control ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Budget System

The state does not carry out direct financing of innovation activities of enterprises, but it is possible and appropriate to use indirect methods of financing innovations embodied in budget and tax policies, which requires clear regulation of the relevant principles. The purpose of this article is to study the current practice of taking into account the goals of socio-economic and, first of all, innovative development in the principles of the budget and tax systems of Ukraine and substantiation of approaches to its improvement. It is substantiated that goals of socio-economic and innovative development is not properly reflected in the principles of both the budget system of Ukraine and in the principles of the tax system (basic principles of tax legislation). It is determined that direct and indirect state financial support and taxes as fiscal instruments should help stimulate economic development, stimulate and intensify innovation, but the choice of forms and methods of such stimulation needs to be justified taking into account the need to achieve specific goals. An analysis of the practices of the World Tax Code and the world practice of applying measures to support small and medium enterprises in terms of Covid-19 showed that direct state financial support is preferred in comparison with tax benefits due to clearer procedures of administration and control and further stimulation of development. It is proved that the combination of direct financial support with the using of investment and innovation tax credits with the possibility of their clear tax administration and control is the optimal mechanism in modern conditions. The directions of reforming the system of local taxation in the context of stimulating socio-economic and innovative development in the region are offered. The need to expand the powers of local governments, local authorities and local communities to establish elements of local taxes and fees, develop a mechanism for investment and innovation tax credits and other types of tax benefits that would enhance innovation in the region are substantiated. Due to the author's emphasis on the importance of clear administration and control of financial and tax support, the prospects for further research are the development of economic and mathematical models for evaluating the effectiveness of such systems.

scholarly journals Japanese Government Official Guideline for Reduction of Light Pollution

2001 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
Syuzo Isobe
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Official ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
The World ◽  
Environmental Agency

After 3-year discussions within a working group of the Japanese CIE and then 2-year discussion under a committee of the Environmental Agency in Japan, “Guideline for Light Pollution - Aiming for Good Lighting Environments” was published by the Environmental Agency. This is the first governmental guideline in the world and therefore a good example to be discussed in the other countries.

Indonesian Literature’s Position in World Literature

TEKNOSASTIK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dina Amelia
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Western World ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Voice

There are two most inevitable issues on national literature, in this case Indonesian literature. First is the translation and the second is the standard of world literature. Can one speak for the other as a representative? Why is this representation matter? Does translation embody the voice of the represented? Without translation Indonesian literature cannot gain its recognition in world literature, yet, translation conveys the voice of other. In the case of production, publication, or distribution of Indonesian Literature to the world, translation works can be very beneficial. The position of Indonesian literature is as a part of world literature. The concept that the Western world should be the one who represent the subaltern can be overcome as long as the subaltern performs as the active speaker. If the subaltern remains silent then it means it allows the “representation” by the Western.

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