scholarly journals Appraisal of the IEC Technical Specification for Assessment of Wave Energy Resources

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffanie Piche ◽  
Andrew Cornett ◽  
Scott Baker ◽  
Ioan Nistor
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Directional Wave ◽  
Wave Models ◽  
Level Of Effort ◽  
Extensive Pilot

This article describes and presents results from research focused on appraising the new technical specification (TS) for the assessment of wave energy resources developed by technical committee 114 of the International Electro-technical Commission (IEC-TC-114). The new IEC TS is appraised through an extensive pilot application to the waters off the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. A series of wave models are developed and used to simulate the wave conditions and estimate the wave energy resource over the study area. The accuracy of the various resource estimates derived from the model outputs is assessed through comparison with measurements from a directional wave buoy. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses are conducted to determine the main sources of error and uncertainty impacting the precision of resource assessments obtained following the IEC methodology. Preliminary results indicate that the IEC TS can be applied to the estimation of wave energy resources with a reasonable level of effort and accuracy.

Hebridean Marine Energy Resources: Wave-Power Characterisation Using a Buoy Network

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Vögler ◽  
Vengatesan Venugopal
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Energy Futures ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Marine Energy ◽  
Outer Hebrides

The Outer Hebrides of Scotland were identified as an area with a high wave power resource of 42.4kW/m. The Outer Hebrides of Scotland are currently targeted by a range of developers for demonstration and commercial developments of wave energy converters and current planning efforts are based on initial deployments by 2014. Technology providers with well advanced plans to develop the Hebridean wave resource include Aquamarine Power (Oyster) [1], Pelamis (P2) [2] and Voith Wavegen (OWC) [3]; all of these companies are partners in the Hebridean Marine Energy Futures project [4] to help move the industry into the commercialisation stage. As part of the Hebridean Marine Energy Futures project, a three year programme aimed at developing a high resolution wave energy resource map to support the site selection process of marine energy developers, a network of three wave measuring buoys was deployed 15km offshore in a depth of 60m and at distances of 11km between buoys. Measured wind and wave data from this buoy network for autumn 2011 are analysed and presented in this paper along with estimated wave power for the same duration.

An Atlas of the Wave-Energy Resource in Europe

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Pontes ◽  
G. A. Athanassoulis ◽  
S. Barstow ◽  
L. Cavaleri ◽  
B. Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Wave Measurements ◽  
Directional Wave ◽  
Offshore Wave ◽  
Climate Statistics

An atlas of the European offshore wave energy resource, being developed within the scope of a European R&D program, includes the characterization of the offshore resource for the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of Europe in addition to providing wave-energy and wave-climate statistics that are of interest to other users of the ocean. The wave data used for compiling the Atlas come from the numerical wind-wave model WAM, implemented in the routine operation of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), in addition to directional wave measurements from the Norwegian offshore waters.

scholarly journals Classification systems for wave energy resources and WEC technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2 (Nov)) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Neary ◽  
R. G. Coe ◽  
J. Cruz ◽  
K. Haas ◽  
G. Bacelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Extreme Loads ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Single Standard ◽  
Reducing Costs

Classification systems for wave energy resources and wave energy converter (WEC) technologies could provide similar benefits to those for the wind energy industry: resource classification facilitating reconnaissance studies and project planning at both regional and national scales; and WEC classification streamlining and reducing costs of WEC device design and manufacturing. In the present study, a classification system for U.S. wave resources is used to investigate the feasibility of WEC classification. Wave spectra inputs from three wave energy resource classes delineated in this system are used to derive distributions of optimized WEC design scaling factors, as well as WEC design responses. Preliminary results indicate that a single standard WEC design class could serve within a given resource class, and corresponding regional wave climate, due to distinct wave energy distributions and concentrations of energy within partitioned period bands for each resource class. The WEC response to extreme loads was found to vary considerably within the most energetic of the resource classes examined, suggesting the need for these standard design classes to meet structural design requirements based on the upper limits of load response within a given resource class. However, the observed load metric variation is lower than the inter-region resource variations.

scholarly journals Modeling Sea Ice Effects for Wave Energy Resource Assessments

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3482
Author(s):  
Ruth Branch ◽  
Gabriel García-Medina ◽  
Zhaoqing Yang ◽  
Taiping Wang ◽  
Fadia Ticona Rollano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Wave Models ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Wave-generated power has potential as a valuable coastal resource, but the wave climate needs to be mapped for feasibility before wave energy converters are installed. Numerical models are used for wave resource assessments to quantify the amount of available power and its seasonality. Alaska is the U.S. state with the longest coastline and has extensive wave resources, but it is affected by seasonal sea ice that dampens the wave energy and the full extent of this dampening is unknown. To accurately characterize the wave resource in regions that experience seasonal sea ice, coastal wave models must account for these effects. The aim of this study is to determine how the dampening effects of sea ice change wave energy resource assessments in the nearshore. Here, we show that by combining high-resolution sea ice imagery with a sea ice/wave dampening parameterization in an unstructured grid, the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model improves wave height predictions and demonstrates the extent to which wave power decreases when sea ice is present. The sea ice parametrization decreases the bias and root mean square errors of wave height comparisons with two wave buoys and predicts a decrease in the wave power of up to 100 kW/m in areas around Prince William Sound, Alaska. The magnitude of the improvement of the model/buoy comparison depends on the coefficients used to parameterize the wave–ice interaction.

Use of Numerical Wind-Wave Models for Assessment of the Offshore Wave Energy Resource

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Pontes ◽  
S. Barstow ◽  
L. Bertotti ◽  
L. Cavaleri ◽  
H. Oliveira-Pires
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Wave Models

In the last two decades the performance of numerical wind-wave models has improved considerably. Several models have been routinely producing good quality wave estimates globally since the mid-1980s. The verifications of wind-wave models have mainly focused on the evaluation of the error of the significant wave height Hs estimates. However, for wave energy purposes, the main parameters to be assessed are the wave power Pw and the mean (energy) period Te. Since Pw is proportional to Hs2 Tc, its expected error is much larger than for the single-wave parameters. This paper summarizes the intercomparison of two wind-wave models against buoy data in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea to select the most suitable one for the construction of an Atlas of the wave energy resource in European waters. A full verification in the two basins of the selected model—the WAM model implemented in the routine operation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts—was then performed against buoy and satellite altimeter data. It was found that the WAM model accuracy is very good for offshore locations in the North Atlantic; but for the Mediterranean Sea the results are much less accurate, probably due to a lower quality of the input wind fields.

Inventory of Canada’s Offshore Wave Energy Resources

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Cornett
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The North ◽  
Wave Measurements ◽  
Offshore Wave

Global warming, the depletion of conventional energy reserves and the rising cost of electricity generation have sparked renewed interest in renewable wave energy within Canada and internationally. Significant advances in wave energy converters have been made in recent years, and there is a growing realization in many countries, particularly those in Europe, that these technologies will be ready for large scale deployments within the next five to ten years (ABP, 2004). Despite these recent developments, very little effort has been directed to quantifying and mapping wave energy resources in Canada in the past. This paper presents results from a recent study in which the wave energy resource in Canada’s Pacific and Atlantic waters is quantified by analysing a large quantity of data obtained from four sources: direct wave measurements; two wind-wave hindcasts of the North Atlantic; and a single hindcast of the Northeast Pacific. Each data source is described and the methods used to analyse the data sets are explained in detail. The derived wave power estimates, including their seasonal and spatial variability, are presented and discussed. Results obtained from the direct measurements and the wind-wave hindcasts are also compared. The paper also includes a review of the theoretical background required to estimate wave energy. The waters off Canada’s Pacific and Atlantic coasts are endowed with rich wave energy resources. The results presented here define the scale of these resources, as well as their significant spatial and seasonal variations.

scholarly journals WAVE ENERGY RESOURCES ALONG CALABRIAN COASTS (ITALY)

2017 ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Algieri Ferraro ◽  
Francesco Aristodemo ◽  
Paolo Veltri
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Directional Wave ◽  
The Mean

The assessment of wave energy is fundamental to well evaluate potential wave energy at different sea locations and time scales in conjunction with the related occurrence of hot spots for an optimal installation of Wave Energy Converters (WECs). The present study has been performed off the coasts of Calabria (Southern Italy), a Mediterranean region characterized by a mild wave climate and quite representative of mean sea states in the Mediterranean basin. The wave energy potential has been assessed in deep waters by means of ECMWF operational wave data validated against RON buoys and UKMO data. The wave power is calculated as a function of the energy wave period deduced from directional wave spectra and compared with widely adopted relationships based on the use of a standard JONSWAP spectrum. The mean yearly and seasonal wave energy is then assessed at selected hot spots for Tyrrhenian and Ionian Seas at a water deep of 100 m suitable for the installation of several offshore WECs.

Estimation of Forest Biomass Energy Resources Based on Bottom-up Approach in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-275
Author(s):  
Lan Zhang ◽  
Dan Yu ◽  
Caihong Zhang ◽  
Weidong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Theoretical Ground ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
Calculation Results

Currently, the forest biomass energy development is at an initial stage and the estimation method for the forest biomass energy resource reserve is to be unified and refined although there is a great value and potential in the development and utilization of forest biomass energy in China. Based on the existing studies, the present paper analyzes the origins and types of forest biomass energy resources in the perspective of sustainable forestry management, constructs the estimation model using a bottom-up approach, and estimates the total existing forest biomass energy resource reserve in China based on the data of the 7th Forest Resource Survey. The estimation method and the calculation results provide the important theoretical ground for promoting the rational development of forest biomass energy in China.

Assessment of wave energy resources in Hawaii

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin E. Stopa ◽  
Kwok Fai Cheung ◽  
Yi-Leng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Energy Resources

scholarly journals Exploring the Grid Value of Offshore Wind Energy in Oregon

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4435
Author(s):  
Travis C. Douville ◽  
Dhruv Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Resource Complementarity ◽  
Wind Energy Potential

The significant offshore wind energy potential of Oregon faces several challenges, including a power grid which was not developed for the purpose of transmitting energy from the ocean. The grid impacts of the energy resource are considered through the lenses of (i) resource complementarity with Variable Renewable Energy resources; (ii) correlations with load profiles from the four balancing authorities with territory in Oregon; and (iii) spatial value to regional and coastal grids as represented through a production cost model of the Western Interconnection. The capacity implications of the interactions between offshore wind and the historical east-to-west power flows of the region are discussed. The existing system is shown to accommodate more than two gigawatts of offshore wind interconnections with minimal curtailment. Through three gigawatts of interconnection, transmission flows indicate a reduction of coastal and statewide energy imports as well as minimal statewide energy exports.

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