Challenges Facing Performance Evaluations of IGCC Power Plants

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Zachary ◽  
Alex Khochafian
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Separation Unit

Based on the present revival of coal as the fossil fuel of choice for power generation, there is a high probability that several IGCC projects will materialize in the near future. One of the challenges facing the Owners, EPC Contractors and OEM’s will be to define the performance commercial guarantees and the practical means to determine them. In addition following the current huge upturn in conventional supercritical coal fired power plants, a large number of facilities will conduct thermal performance tests. The proper conductance of the test, data collection and correction to reference conditions, have many technical implications and could affect drastically the commercial outcome of a project both for the Contractor and the Owner. For IGCC plants, in anticipation of this probability, ASME Performance Test Committee had developed a Performance Test Code for such type of plant — PTC 47, which was published in January 2007. In the first part, the paper will provide details about the specific challenges facing the implementation of the Code, in particular the proposed use of the input/output method (mass and energy balance). The presentation will cover other highlights of the code recommendations. The methodology is fully applicable to conventional power plants, since they use same type of fuel. The determination of the heat input based on actual continuous measurement of the mass flow and composition of the coal will be discussed in details. The practicality and the measurement uncertainty associated with fuel composition will also be analyzed. A comparison with the indirect method for determination of the heat input will also be presented. The article will evaluate how the code requirements are reflected in the definition of the power plant design, configuration and instrumentation. The implications of test tolerance as a commercial issue and measurement uncertainty as a technical issue will also be presented and evaluated Other unique aspects of the entire IGCC plant performance testing will be discussed: (1) stability criteria related to the gasification and integration processes, (2) corrections from test to guarantees conditions due to complex chemical, mechanical processes. Finally, the article will indicate the progress on the development of performance evaluation methodologies for other main IGCC components: gasifier, air separation unit, gas cleaning systems and Power Island.

Performance Testing of Coal Fired Power Plants

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane E. Powers ◽  
William C. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Test Program

With the renewed interest in the construction of coal-fired power plants in the United States, there has also been an increased interest in the methodology used to calculate/determine the overall performance of a coal fired power plant. This methodology is detailed in the ASME PTC 46 (1996) Code, which provides an excellent framework for determining the power output and heat rate of coal fired power plants. Unfortunately, the power industry has been slow to adopt this methodology, in part because of the lack of some details in the Code regarding the planning needed to design a performance test program for the determination of coal fired power plant performance. This paper will expand on the ASME PTC 46 (1996) Code by discussing key concepts that need to be addressed when planning an overall plant performance test of a coal fired power plant. The most difficult aspect of calculating coal fired power plant performance is integrating the calculation of boiler performance with the calculation of turbine cycle performance and other balance of plant aspects. If proper planning of the performance test is not performed, the integration of boiler and turbine data will result in a test result that does not accurately reflect the true performance of the overall plant. This planning must start very early in the development of the test program, and be implemented in all stages of the test program design. This paper will address the necessary planning of the test program, including: • Determination of Actual Plant Performance. • Selection of a Test Goal. • Development of the Basic Correction Algorithm. • Designing a Plant Model. • Development of Correction Curves. • Operation of the Power Plant during the Test. All nomenclature in this paper utilizes the ASME PTC 46 definitions for the calculation and correction of plant performance.

Introducing ASME PTC 48

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Le Galudec ◽  
James Oszewski ◽  
John Preston ◽  
David Thimsen
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Separation Unit ◽  
Combined Cycles

In the field of Power Generation, Operators — Plant Owners, Utilities, IPPs … — have had to face severe constraints linked not only with price of electricity and cost of fuel, but also with more and more demanding environmental constraints. It appears that the next atmospheric emission coming under scrutiny is CO2. Some small scale laboratory size experiments and pilot scale tests demonstrating the ability to capture CO2 before it reaches the atmosphere have already been conducted, and some industrial scale demonstrators are already at the permitting stage and will soon reach construction. In order to anticipate the needs of Performance Tests within this coming market, ASME decided to form a new committee in order to prepare and deliver ASME Performance Test Code – PTC 48 “Overall Plant Performance with Carbon Capture” test code. This new code may be seen as an evolution of ASME PTC 46 “Performance Test Code on Overall Plant Performance” 1996 (currently under revision), which goes beyond the sole verification of components to provide guidelines for testing a full Plant. Capturing CO2 from fuel–fired power plants will have a significant impact on net capacity and net heat rate of the plant. Such plants will, in addition to the Power Block and Steam Generator, also include systems not commonly included in non-CO2 capture power plants. The addition of an ASU (Air Separation Unit, for oxy-combustion with CO2 capture) and/or CPU (CO2 Purification Unit, for oxy-combustion or post-combustion CO2 capture) has made necessary the preparation of a dedicated test code based upon same guiding principle than PTC 46, i.e. treating the plant globally as a “Black Box”. This approach allows correction of output and efficiency at the plant interfaces, but at the exclusion of internal parameters. It is anticipated that the code can inform development of regulations that define the rules and obligations of Operators. Currently, the proposed PTC 48 aims at fossil fuel fired Steam-electric power plants using either post-combustion CO2 capture or oxy-combustion with CO2 capture technologies. Combined cycles and Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles — IGCCs — are not addressed.

Integrating the ASME Performance Test Code 19.1 Approach of Calculating Measurement Uncertainty With the Regression Based Test Methods for Reporting Photovoltaic System Performance

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecil Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Section 8 ◽  
Rating Method

Solar Photovoltaic (PV) power plants have high performance test measurement uncertainty due to instrument precision limitations and spatial variations associated with irradiance and soiling measurement. Accurate prediction of the measurement uncertainty is critical for both the Owner and the EPC contractor to appropriately manage their risk. While there are several methods for testing the performance of PV plants, regression analysis based methods, like the PVUSA Method and the PPI rating method, are widely used. However, there is limited guidance on uncertainty analysis when using these methods. Most utilities and power producers have familiarity with the ASME PTC 19.1 code for measurement uncertainty analysis and often require the guidelines of PTC 19.1 be followed for evaluating the measurement uncertainty for the performance testing of PV plants. However there is lack of published literature on using the ASME PTC 19.1 approach with regression based PV performance test methods. This paper expands on the limited guidance provided by ASME PTC 19.1 Section 8-6 for regression based analysis and presents a detailed approach of calculating measurement uncertainty for PV power plants when using regression based testing methods. The paper also presents the importance of obtaining a good regression fit to the measurement uncertainty and elaborates on methods to reduce the measurement uncertainty. The overall approach discussed in this paper was applied on performance testing of two large utility-scale PV plants.

Performance Testing of Combined Cycle Power Plant in Phased Construction

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Jin ◽  
Terrence B. Sullivan ◽  
Jeffrey R. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Testing Approach

Gas turbines in combined cycle (CC) power plants, in phased construction situations, usually operate for several months in the simple cycle (SC) mode while the steam portion of the plant is being constructed. At the time of commissioning the combined cycle phase, the gas turbines typically have accumulated a considerable number of operating hours and have possibly experienced some degradation, especially on turbines that have run on dual fuels. To determine the combined cycle new and clean performance, it is necessary to employ a phased testing approach. The phased testing approach involves testing the gas turbines when they are in new and clean condition and combining those results with the measured new and clean steam turbine cycle performance. The method of the phased testing has been introduced in ASME PTC 46 (1996) “Performance Test Code on Overall Plant Performance”. This paper will discuss in detail the test protocol, fundamental equations, corrections, and uncertainty analysis of phased testing. This paper will also discuss performance degradation and engine setting changes between the phases.

Techno-Economic Evaluation of Pressurized Oxy-Fuel Combustion Systems

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongsup Hong ◽  
Ahmed F. Ghoniem ◽  
Randall Field ◽  
Marco Gazzino
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Separation Unit ◽  
Coal Price

Oxy-fuel combustion coal-fired power plants can achieve significant reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, but at the cost of lowering their efficiency. Research and development are conducted to reduce the efficiency penalty and to improve their reliability. High-pressure oxy-fuel combustion has been shown to improve the overall performance by recuperating more of the fuel enthalpy into the power cycle. In our previous papers, we demonstrated how pressurized oxy-fuel combustion indeed achieves higher net efficiency than that of conventional atmospheric oxy-fuel power cycles. The system utilizes a cryogenic air separation unit, a carbon dioxide purification/compression unit, and flue gas recirculation system, adding to its cost. In this study, we perform a techno-economic feasibility study of pressurized oxy-fuel combustion power systems. A number of reports and papers have been used to develop reliable models which can predict the costs of power plant components, its operation, and carbon dioxide capture specific systems, etc. We evaluate different metrics including capital investments, cost of electricity, and CO2 avoidance costs. Based on our cost analysis, we show that the pressurized oxy-fuel power system is an effective solution in comparison to other carbon dioxide capture technologies. The higher heat recovery displaces some of the regeneration components of the feedwater system. Moreover, pressurized operating conditions lead to reduction in the size of several other critical components. Sensitivity analysis with respect to important parameters such as coal price and plant capacity is performed. The analysis suggests a guideline to operate pressurized oxy-fuel combustion power plants in a more cost-effective way.

Parametric Studies of Power Plant Performance Monitoring

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijiapurapu Sowjanya ◽  
Robert Craven ◽  
Sastry Munukutla
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Industry Performance ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
Coal Composition

Real-time performance monitoring of coal-fired power plants is becoming very important due to the impending deregulation of the electric power industry. Performance testing is made to be real-time by changing the traditional output loss method to include an estimation of coal composition based on the Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) data. This paper illustrates the robustness of the calculations by introducing a variance into each of the calculation inputs to access its effect on the final outputs of heatrate, boiler efficiency and coal flow. Though the original study was over five power plants this paper presents results for the two most diverse coals.

Analytical Formulation of the Performance of the Allam Power Cycle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Haseli
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Separation Unit ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Oxyfuel Combustion ◽  
Co2 Flow

Abstract Thermal power plants operating on fossil fuels emit a considerable amount of polluting gases including carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Several technologies have been developed or under development to avoid the emissions of, mainly, CO2 that are formed as a result of air-fuel combustion. While post-combustion capture methods are viable solutions for reduction of CO2 in the existing power plants, implementation of the concept of oxyfuel combustion in future power cycles appears to be a promising technique for clean power generation from fossil fuels. A novel power cycle that employs oxyfuel combustion method has been developed by NET Power. Known as the Allam cycle, it includes a turbine, an air separation unit (ASU), a combustor, a recuperator, a water separator, CO2 compression with intercooling and CO2 pump. (Over 90% of the supercritical CO2 flow is recycled back to the cycle as the working fluid, and the rest is extracted for further processing and storage. The present paper introduces a simplified thermodynamic analysis of the Allam power cycle. Analytical expressions are derived for the net power output, optimum turbine inlet temperature (TIT), and the molar flowrate of the recycled CO2 flow. The study aims to provide a theoretical framework to help understand the functional relationships between the various operating parameters of the cycle. The optimum TIT predicted by the presented expression is 1473 K which is fairly close to that reported by the cycle developers.

scholarly journals Investigation of Applicability of Polyimide Membranes for Air Separation in Oxy-MILD Zero-Emission Power Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 01033
Author(s):  
Leszek Remiorz ◽  
Grzegorz Wiciak ◽  
Krzysztof Grzywnowicz
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Recovery Coefficient ◽  
Separation Unit ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Serial Connection ◽  
Zero Emission

Primary element of an oxy-combustion plants is ambient air separation unit. This paper presents the results of experimental research concerning the parameters of the separation of N2/O2 from ambient air, using capillary polymer membranes, potentially applicable in oxy-combustion technology, under variable operational conditions. Collected data were utilized to approximate continuous functions describing the variability of essential parameters of the air separation based on such membranes. The functions were introduced to develop a complete mathematical model of the separation unit, intended to be applied in oxy-Moderate or Intense Low Oxygen Dilution (oxy-MILD) zero-emission plants. Computational analyses were performed for three variants of the unit’s configuration: serial connection of membrane modules, unit with retentate recirculation and unit with permeate recirculation. The results of the research, in the form of sets of characteristic curves, depicting parameters of the separation process as a function of the variable operational conditions, show that crucial differences to the subsequent separation parameters (permeate purity, real selectivity coefficient, recovery coefficient) and with regard to the power consumed, were obtained. The highest parameters of the module were gained for serial connection, whereas the lowest – for permeate recirculation. The lowest energy consumption was acquired for the retentate recirculation variant.

scholarly journals Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Combined Cycles

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank P. Bevc ◽  
Wayne L. Lundberg ◽  
Dennis M. Bachovchin
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Combined Cycles

The integration of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and combustion turbine technologies can result in combined-cycle power plants, fueled with natural gas. that have high efficiencies and clean gaseous emissions. Results of a study are presented in which conceptual designs were developed for three power plants based upon such an integration, and ranging in rating from 3 to 10 MW net ac. The plant cycles are described, and characteristics of key components are summarized. In addition, plant design-point efficiency estimates are presented, as well as values of other plant performance parameters.

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