The Considerations for Reviewing the Effects of Power Uprates, Including Repowering, on Existing Steam Surface Condensers

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren M. Nightingale
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Surface Condenser ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
And Performance

Steam Surface Condensers are typically custom designed for each application based on specified design and expected performance criteria defined during the design phase of the power plant. Over the life of a plant, subsequent design improvements and performance enhancements in prime movers such as boilers, reactors, steam & gas turbines, etc. have enabled many plants to seriously consider a power uprate which would be in excess of the original design capabilities of the plant. However, power uprate evaluations, including repowering projects, often reveal that (given its fixed surface area nature) the Steam Surface Condenser is often a ‘limitation’ to any proposed power uprate or repowering heat balance.

scholarly journals Pipeline Compressor Redesign With the Consideration of Both Noise and Performance

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri I. Biba ◽  
Zheji Liu ◽  
D. Lee Hill
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Tonal Noise ◽  
Experimental Performance ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
And Performance

A complete effort to redesign the aerodynamic characteristics of a single-stage pipeline compressor is presented. The components addressed are the impeller, diffuser region, and the volute. The innovation of this effort stems from the simultaneous inclusion of both the noise and aerodynamic performance as primary design parameters. The final detailed flange-to-flange analysis of the new components clearly shows that the operating range is extended and the tonal noise driven by the impeller is reduced. This is accomplished without sacrificing the existing high efficiency of the baseline machine. The body of the design effort uses both Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and vibro-acoustics technology. The predictions are anchored by using the flange-to-flange analysis of the original design and its experimental performance data. By calculating delta corrections and assuming that these deltas are approximately the same for the new design, the expected performance is extrapolated.

Modelling and Performance Analysis of Stationary Gas Turbines Operating Under Rotational Speed Transients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André L. S. Andade ◽  
Osvaldo J. Venturini ◽  
Vladimir R. M. Cobas ◽  
Vinicius Zimmerman Silva
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Transient Regimes ◽  
Power Turbine ◽  
Nominal Capacity ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Operational Envelope

Abstract In order to increase the flexibility and performance of gas turbines, generally their manufacturers and research centers involved in their development are constantly seeking the expansion of their operational envelope as well as their efficiency, making the engine more dynamic, less polluting and able to respond promptly to variations in load demands. An important aspect that should be considered when analyzing these prime movers is the assessment of its behavior under transients due to load changes, which can be accomplished through the development of a detailed, accurate and effective computational model. Considering this scenario, the present work aims to develop a model for the simulation and analysis of the dynamic behavior of stationary gas turbines. The engine considered in this analysis has a nominal capacity of 30.7 MW (ISO conditions) and is composed by a two-spool gas generator and a free power turbine. The model was developed using T-MATS, an integrated Simulink/Matlab toolbox, develop by NASA. The gas turbine was evaluated under both permanent and transient regimes and each one of its component was analyzed individually. The assessment made it possible to determine the engine performance parameters such as efficiency, heat rate and specific fuel consumption and its operational limits (surge limits, stall, turbine inlet temperatures, etc.) under different load conditions and regimes. The results obtained were compared with available field data, and the relative deviations for the considered parameters were all lower than 1%.

Oxy-Fuel Gas Turbine, Gas Generator and Reheat Combustor Technology Development and Demonstration

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Anderson ◽  
Fermin Viteri ◽  
Rebecca Hollis ◽  
Ashley Keating ◽  
Jonathan Shipper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance

Future fossil-fueled power generation systems will require carbon capture and sequestration to comply with government green house gas regulations. The three prime candidate technologies that capture carbon dioxide (CO2) are pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion techniques. Clean Energy Systems, Inc. (CES) has recently demonstrated oxy-fuel technology applicable to gas turbines, gas generators, and reheat combustors at their 50MWth research test facility located near Bakersfield, California. CES, in conjunction with Siemens Energy, Inc. and Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. (FTT) have been working to develop and demonstrate turbomachinery systems that accommodate the inherent characteristics of oxy-fuel (O-F) working fluids. The team adopted an aggressive, but economical development approach to advance turbine technology towards early product realization; goals include incremental advances in power plant output and efficiency while minimizing capital costs and cost of electricity [1]. Proof-of-concept testing was completed via a 20MWth oxy-fuel combustor at CES’s Kimberlina prototype power plant. Operability and performance limits were explored by burning a variety of fuels, including natural gas and (simulated) synthesis gas, over a wide range of conditions to generate a steam/CO2 working fluid that was used to drive a turbo-generator. Successful demonstration led to the development of first generation zero-emission power plants (ZEPP). Fabrication and preliminary testing of 1st generation ZEPP equipment has been completed at Kimberlina power plant (KPP) including two main system components, a large combustor (170MWth) and a modified aeroderivative turbine (GE J79 turbine). Also, a reheat combustion system is being designed to improve plant efficiency. This will incorporate the combustion cans from the J79 engine, modified to accept the system’s steam/CO2 working fluid. A single-can reheat combustor has been designed and tested to verify the viability and performance of an O-F reheater can. After several successful tests of the 1st generation equipment, development started on 2nd generation power plant systems. In this program, a Siemens SGT-900 gas turbine engine will be modified and utilized in a 200MWe power plant. Like the 1st generation system, the expander section of the engine will be used as an advanced intermediate pressure turbine and the can-annular combustor will be modified into a O-F reheat combustor. Design studies are being performed to define the modifications necessary to adapt the hardware to the thermal and structural demands of a steam/CO2 drive gas including testing to characterize the materials behavior when exposed to the deleterious working environment. The results and challenges of 1st and 2nd generation oxy-fuel power plant system development are presented.

scholarly journals Riding the Surge

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (05) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Marine Industry ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article explores the advantages of gas turbines in the marine industry. Marine gas turbines, which are designed specifically for use on ships, have long been one of the segments of the gas turbine market. One advantage that gas turbines have over conventional marine diesels is volume. Gas turbines are the prime movers for the modern combined cycle electric power plant. Both CFM International (a joint venture of General Electric and France’s Snecma) and Pratt & Whitney are working on new engines for this multibillion dollar single-aisle, narrow-body market. Pratt & Whitney’s new certified PW1500G geared turbofans will have a first flight powering the first Bombardier CSeries aircraft. On land, sea, and air, the surge in gas turbine production is remarkable. The experts suggest that what the steam engine was to the 19th century and the internal combustion engine was to the 20th, the gas turbine might be to the 21st century: the ubiquitous prime mover of choice.

The Thermal and Mechanical Considerations for the Replacement of Existing Condenser Tubes (Either by Retubing or Modular Replacement), Tubesheets and Waterboxes to Ensure Plant Optimization

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren M. Nightingale ◽  
Earl Proud
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
Surface Condenser ◽  
Plant Optimization ◽  
Blade Failure ◽  
Operational Issues ◽  
Failure Life ◽  
The Impact

Degraded performance of a steam surface condenser will directly affect the availability and operational efficiency of any power plant, and this in turn will always impact plant optimization. Results of eddy current testing, loss of surface area through excessive numbers of plugged tubes or turbine blade failure, life extension studies, extended power uprates, the general effects of erosion and corrosion, etc. — these are all examples of issues that may lead to the replacement of tubes, tubesheets and/or waterboxes at some point during the operational life of a power plant steam surface condenser. Retubing, and the modular replacement of existing condenser tube bundles, are two options available to power plant owners & operators that can help to regain lost performance, and even in some cases improve on the original unit design. However, the use of different tube materials and wall thickness for retubing, as well as different tube diameters and quantities for modular replacements; means that these changes must be accompanied by the necessary detailed evaluation of the impact to the original design. In addition to Tubes, it may also be necessary to replace existing Tubesheets and/or even Waterboxes. This work scope should always include a detailed review of the possible impacts of any changes due to these replacements. Failure to perform the necessary thermal and mechanical evaluations can lead to additional operational issues that may also impact unit performance & longevity.

scholarly journals Using LQG/LTR Optimal Control Method to Improve Stability and Performance of Industrial Gas Turbine System

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereidoon Shabaninia ◽  
Kazem Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Optimal Control Method ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
And Performance

The gas turbine is a power plant, which produces a great amount of energy for its size and weight. Its compactness, low weigh, and multiple fuels make it a natural power plant for various industries such as power generation or oil and gas process plants. In any of these applications, the performance and stability of the gas turbines are the end products that strongly influence the profitability of the business that employs them. Control and analyses of gas turbines for achieving stability and good performance are important so that they have to operate for prolong period. Effective control system design usually benefits from an accurate dynamic model of the plant. Characteristic component parts of the system are considered in this model. Gas turbine system is described by specified thermodynamic equations that can be used for defining its model. This paper introduces an optimal LQG/LTR control method for a gas turbine. Analysing the gas turbine dynamic in time and frequency domain by using proposed control compared to PID controller is followed. Applying this optimal control method can provide good performance and stability for the component parts of system.

Boiler Emissions and Performance Improvement due to Utilization Real-Time Intelligent Sootblowing Boiler Monitoring Place

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chudnovsky ◽  
I. Chatskiy
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Boiler Efficiency ◽  
On Line ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Emissions And Performance

Abstract As it is well known, deposits in boilers contribute to boiler inefficiency, capacity reductions, and overheated tubes, which lead to tube failures. To improve the heat transfer inside the furnace the fouling deposits obviously should be removed. In order to take fouling into account in the overall furnace and boiler heat balance it is necessary to measure two main parameters — thickness of the deposits and their reflectivity (emissivity) in the wavelength of visible and IR region. In the present paper it is demonstrated how such measurement (see detailed description in Ref [1–3] can be used for on-line automatic sootblowing control. Results of our study demonstrate that dynamics of both parameters (contamination thickness and reflectivity) on the operated boiler can be registered in real time and then interpreted separately. The sootblowing boiler monitoring has been implemented at the 550 MW unit equipped with B&W opposite wall burners. The fouling and thickness sensors (FTR) were installed in different locations of the combustion chamber through its width and height. It was shown that dynamics of thickness and reflectivity variation just after the wall cleaning activation are quite different. Situations have been registered where changes of reflectivity have a significant impact on heat transfer, comparable and sometimes even greater than that of growing fouling thickness. Technique and device exploited in this study appears to be a very useful tool for sootblowing optimization and, as a result, for improvement of boiler efficiency and reduction of water wall erosion and corrosion. The paper presents a strategy to implement a comprehensive automatic control of soot blowing in power plant boilers. The paper will describe the existing installations where individual components are in operation, and describe an integrated system that could combine all these parts to make an integrated intelligent sootblowing system.

Plant Performance Monitoring and Diagnostics: Remote, Real-Time and Automation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomo Jiang ◽  
Craig Foster
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Performance Modeling ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Remote Monitoring System ◽  
And Performance

Combined cycle gas turbine plants are built and operated with higher availability, reliability, and performance than simple cycle in order to help provide the customer with capabilities to generate operating revenues and reduce fuel costs while enhancing dispatch competitiveness. The availability of a power plant can be improved by increasing the reliability of individual assets through maintenance enhancement and performance degradation recovery through remote efficiency monitoring to provide timely corrective recommendations. This paper presents a comprehensive system and methodology to pursue this purpose by using instrumented data to automate performance modeling for real-time monitoring and anomaly detection of combined cycle gas turbine power plants. Through thermodynamic performance modeling of main assets in a power plant such as gas turbines, steam turbines, heat recovery steam generators, condensers and other auxiliaries, the system provides an intelligent platform and methodology to drive customer-specific, asset-driven performance improvements, mitigate outage risks, rationalize operational patterns, and enhance maintenance schedules and service offerings at total plant level via taking appropriate proactive actions. In addition, the paper presents the components in the automated remote monitoring system, including data instrumentation, performance modeling methodology, operational anomaly detection, and component-based degradation assessment. As demonstrated in two examples, this remote performance monitoring of a combined cycle power plant aims to improve equipment efficiency by converting data into knowledge and solutions in order to drive values for customers including shortening outage downtime, lowering operating fuel cost and increasing customer power sales and life cycle value of the power plant.

Design Possibilities and Performance of Combined Cycle Operation of Converted Steam Power Plants

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. J. Linnemeijer ◽  
J. P. Van Buijtenen
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Steam Power Plants ◽  
Power Increase ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Unit Performance

An interesting method for “boosting thermal efficiency and/or power output of an existing steam power plant is repowering through the addition of gas turbines. The forced draught fan is replaced by a gas turbine and the air heater by low-temperature economisers. This conversion will change the performance of the installation significantly. Therefore the design of the existing installation has to be reviewed based on new unit performance calculations. Since the conversion has to be economical, it is important to find a good compromise between investment and improvement of performance. This paper describes the change in performance of the installation created by the conversion in general and a number of design possibilities based on the experience gained with the realisation of a number of conversion projects. These projects show a possible efficiency increase of over 10% and a power increase of up to 30%.

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