Quasi-Static Loading Rate Effect on the Master Curve Reference Temperature of Ferritic Steels and Implications

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Hall ◽  
K. K. Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Static Loading ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Rate Effect ◽  
Reference Temperature ◽  
Ferritic Steels ◽  
Rate Range ◽  
Static Fracture ◽  
Quasistatic Loading ◽  
Temperature Test

It has long been recognized that there is a considerable difference between the dynamic and quasi-static fracture toughness reference temperature. However, it has not been clear whether this loading rate effect extends into the quasistatic loading regime. The current fracture toughness reference temperature test standard for ferritic steels (ASTM E1921) specifies an allowable quasi-static loading rate range spanning 100 fold. Recently obtained data from the IAEA JRQ material suggests that the same loading rate effect extends throughout this allowable quasi-static loading rate range. The loading rate effect could amount to a difference in the measured reference temperature of 23°C (41°F) between the extremes of the specified range. This paper presents the data demonstrating this effect, examines different ways of calculating the loading rate, suggests changes to related to the test standard, and discusses the use of applying the loading rate effect on reference temperature.

Effect of Loading Rate on Fracture Toughness of Pressure Vessel Steels

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Yoon ◽  
W. A. Van Der Sluys ◽  
K. Hour
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Master Curve ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Dynamic Fracture Toughness ◽  
Reference Temperature ◽  
Ferritic Steels ◽  
Transition Range ◽  
High Loading Rate ◽  
Pressure Vessel Steels

The master curve method has recently been developed to determine fracture toughness in the brittle-to-ductile transition range. This method was successfully applied to numerous fracture toughness data sets of pressure vessel steels. Joyce (Joyce, J. A., 1997, “On the Utilization of High Rate Charpy Test Results and the Master Curve to Obtain Accurate Lower Bound Toughness Predictions in the Ductile-to-Brittle Transition, Small Specimen Test Techniques,” Small Specimens Test Technique, ASTM STP 1329, W. R. Corwin, S. T. Rosinski, and E. Van Walle, eds., ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA) applied this method to high loading rate fracture toughness data for SA-515 steel and showed the applicability of this approach to dynamic fracture toughness data. In order to investigate the shift in fracture toughness from static to dynamic data, B&W Owners Group tested five weld materials typically used in reactor vessel fabrication in both static and dynamic loading. The results were analyzed using ASTM Standard E 1921 (ASTM, 1998, Standard E 1921-97, “Standard Test Method for the Determination of Reference Temperature, T0, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range,” 1998 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 03.01, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA). This paper presents the data and the resulting reference temperature shifts in the master curves from static to high loading rate fracture toughness data. This shift in the toughness curve with the loading rate selected in this test program and from the literature is compared with the shift between KIc and KIa curves in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. In addition, data from the B&W Owners Group test of IAEA JRQ material and dynamic fracture toughness data from the Pressure Vessel Research Council (PVRC) database (Van Der Sluys, W. A., Yoon, K. K., Killian, D. E., and Hall, J. B., 1998, “Fracture Toughness of Ferritic Steels and ASTM Reference Temperature T0,” BAW-2318, Framatome Technologies. Lynchburg, VA) are also presented. It is concluded that the master curve shift due to loading rate can be addressed with the shift between the current ASME Code KIc and KIa curves. [S0094-9930(00)01302-0]

Loading Rate Effect on Translaminar Fracture Toughness of Hybrid Composite Laminate

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Moy ◽  
Jerome Tzeng
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Glass Matrix ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Rate Effect ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Small Volume Fraction ◽  
Matrix Property

Abstract Fracture toughness properties of composite laminates were evaluated at a loading rate commonly observed in ordinance applications. The laminates are composed of IM7 graphite and a small volume fraction of S2 glass plies to form a cross-ply laminate. Fracture toughness appears to be very rate sensitive if the crack growth perpendicular to the plane dominated by glass/matrix property. Experimental data shows a 30–40% increase of fracture toughness for various layup as the loading rate was increase by 1000 times. The specimens examined under microscopic indicates the strengthening might due to different failure mechanism in the matrix. In addition, there is no visible rate effect if the crack propagation is perpendicular to the graphite dominant plane.

FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF Zr-BASED BULK METALLIC GLASS UNDER IMPACT LOADING

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (25n27) ◽  
pp. 4359-4364 ◽  
Author(s):  
HYUNG-SEOP SHIN ◽  
KI-HYUN KIM ◽  
SANG-YEOB OH
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Fracture Energy ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Static Loading ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Cu Alloy

The fracture behavior of a Zr -based bulk amorphous metal under impact loading using subsize V-shaped Charpy specimens was investigated. Influences of loading rate on the fracture behavior of amorphous Zr - Al - Ni - Cu alloy were examined. As a result, the maximum load and absorbed fracture energy under impact loading were lower than those under quasi-static loading. A large part of the absorbed fracture energy in the Zr -based BMG was consumed in the process for crack initiation and not for crack propagation. In addition, fractographic characteristics of BMGs, especially the initiation and development of shear bands at the notch tip were investigated. Fractured surfaces under impact loading are smoother than those under quasi-static loading. The absorbed fracture energy appeared differently depending on the appearance of the shear bands developed. It can be found that the fracture energy and fracture toughness of Zr -based BMG are closely related with the extent of shear bands developed during fracture.

Finite element simulation of fracture toughness testing of 20MnMoNi55 steel and the effect of loading rate on reference temperature

2020 ◽  
pp. 146442072095667
Author(s):  
Swagatam Paul ◽  
Snehasish Bhattacharjee ◽  
Sanjib Kumar Acharyya ◽  
Prasanta Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Simulation ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Compact Tension ◽  
Reference Temperature ◽  
Viscoplastic Material ◽  
Element Simulation

Fracture toughness of ferritic steel in the ductile-to-brittle transition zone is scattered and probabilistic owing to embrittlement. Use of master curve along with the reference temperature ( T0) adopted in ASTM E-1921 is widely accepted for characterization of this embrittlement. Reference temperature is a measure of embrittlement in the temperature scale. Factors affecting fracture toughness like geometry and loading rate are expected to influence the reference temperature. In the present study, the role of the loading rate on the reference temperature for 20MnMoNi55 steel is assessed experimentally using compact tension C(T) and three-point bend (TPB) specimens. Finite element simulation of tests at different loading rates and cryogenic temperature are carried out using a suitable viscoplastic material model that incorporates flow characteristics of the material for varying displacement rates and cryogenic temperatures. Results from simulation studies are compared with experimental ones.

J-R Fracture Toughness of Nuclear Piping Materials Under Excessive Seismic Loading Condition

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Weon Kim ◽  
Myung Rak Choi ◽  
Sang Bong Lee ◽  
Yun Jae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Cyclic Load ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Seismic Loading ◽  
Monotonic Loading ◽  
Rate Effect ◽  
Loading Conditions

This study investigated the loading rate effect on the fracture resistance under cyclic loading conditions to clearly understand the fracture behavior of piping materials under excessive seismic conditions. J-R fracture toughness tests were conducted under monotonic and cyclic loading conditions at various displacement rates at room temperature (RT) and the operating temperature of nuclear power plants (NPPs), i.e., 316°C. SA508 Gr. 1a lo w-alloy steel (LAS) and SA312 TP316 stainless steel (SS) piping materials were used for the tests. The fracture resistance under a reversible cyclic load was considerably lower than that under monotonic load regardless of test temperature, material, and loading rate. Under both cyclic and monotonic loading conditions, the fracture behavior of SA312 TP316 SS was independent of the loading rate at both RT and 316°C. For SA508 Gr. 1a LAS, the loading rate effect on the fracture behavior was appreciable at 316°C under both cyclic and monotonic loading conditions. However, the loading rate effect diminished when the cyclic load ratio (R) was −1. Thus, it was recognized that the fracture behavior of piping materials, including seismic loading characteristics, can be evaluated when tested under a cyclic load of R = −1 at a quasi-static loading rate.

scholarly journals Fracture Toughness of Fresh-Water Ice

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (86) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Liu ◽  
K. J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Crack Arrest ◽  
Plane Strain Fracture Toughness ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Strain Fracture ◽  
Static Fracture

AbstractThe plane-strain fracture toughness of fresh-water ice was measured at various loading rates and temperatures. The fracture toughness of ice decreases as loading rate increases and as the test temperature approaches the melting point. The presence of liquid water seems to reduce the fracture toughness. The fracture toughness for crack arrest is slightly lower than the static fracture toughness.

Characterization of the Loading Rate Dependent Fracture Behavior over a Wide Loading Rate Range Using Charpy Specimens

2014 ◽  
Vol 566 ◽  
pp. 286-291
Author(s):  
Zoltan Major ◽  
Martin Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Rate Range ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Engineering Polymers ◽  
Dynamic Key

The fracture behavior of engineering polymers is usually characterized at high loading rates using Charpy specimens. However, due to the presence of dynamic effects the conventional force based analysis for determining fracture toughness values is applicable only up to 1 m/s using tree point bending test configurations. This difficulty can be overcome in principle, by applying dynamic analysis methods (e.g. dynamic key curve (DKC) analysis) or by applying tensile loading fracture configurations. The applicability of pre-cracked Charpy specimens for determining fracture toughness values for polymeric materials over a wide loading rate range is investigated in this study.

scholarly journals Fracture Toughness of Fresh-Water Ice

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (86) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Liu ◽  
K. J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Crack Arrest ◽  
Plane Strain Fracture Toughness ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Strain Fracture ◽  
Static Fracture

AbstractThe plane-strain fracture toughness of fresh-water ice was measured at various loading rates and temperatures. The fracture toughness of ice decreases as loading rate increases and as the test temperature approaches the melting point. The presence of liquid water seems to reduce the fracture toughness. The fracture toughness for crack arrest is slightly lower than the static fracture toughness.

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