Tsunami Damage to Oil Storage Tanks in the MW9.0 2011 Tohoku, Japan Earthquake

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Hatayama
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Tsunami Damage ◽  
Oil Storage Tank ◽  
Actual Damage

The Mw9.0 2011 Tohoku, Japan earthquake tsunami damaged 418 oil storage tanks located along the Pacific coast of the Hokkaido, Tohoku, and Kanto Districts of Japan. A wide variety of damage was observed, including movement and deformation of the tank body, scouring of the tank base and ground, and movement or structural fracture of the pipe. In total, 157 of the 418 tanks were moved by the tsunami. By comparing the severity of damage with the inundation depth of the tsunami experienced by the oil storage tank, a fragility curve projecting the damage rate for plumbing is presented, and a rough but easy-to-use method of predicting tsunami damage to an oil storage tank from a given inundation depth is also presented: (i) for inundation depths of 2–5 m, tanks suffer damage to their plumbing, and small tanks (capacity < 100 m3) and empty larger tanks may be moved; (ii) for inundation depths of greater than 5 m, most tanks are moved. The validity of the previously-proposed tsunami tank-movement prediction method is first examined. A comparison of the method’s predictions with the actual damage data from the 2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami indicates a high hit rate of 76%.

Damage to Oil Storage Tanks from the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki Tsunami

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1103-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Hatayama
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Distribution Function ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Damage Rate ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Standard Normal ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Actual Damage

The Mw 9.0 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami damaged 418 oil storage tanks and moved 157 of them. Using data on the severity of damage and the maximum inundation depth of the tsunami, a fragility curve representing the damage to oil storage tank plumbing is presented in this paper: P( η)= Φ ((ln η − 1.02)/0.574), where P is the damage rate, η is the maximum inundation depth in meters, and Φ is the standard normal cumulative distribution function. The existing method of predicting the movement of tanks exposed to a tsunami is validated by comparing the predicted damage with actual damage data from the 2011 tsunami. The accuracy (hit rate) is 76%.

Optimization Calculation Method of Wall Thickness for Large Oil Storage Tank Made of High Strength Steel

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haigui Fan ◽  
Zhiping Chen ◽  
Futeng Wan
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Circumferential Stress ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Optimization Calculation ◽  
Oil Storage Tank

Optimization calculation method determining wall thickness for large oil storage tank made of high strength steel is investigated in this paper. Taking three oil storage tanks with different volumes of 10×104 m3, 15×104 m3 and 20×104 m3 for examples, the wall thickness calculation methods of API 650, GB 50341, JIS B 8501 and BS EN 14015 have been analyzed and compared. Results show that as the volume of oil storage tank increases, some wall thickness calculation results of the standards have been larger than the allowable value, leading to the unreasonable distribution of the wall circumferential stress. The wall thickness calculation result applying the method of API 650 is more reasonable than other standards. While for the tanks made of high strength steel, like 12MnNiVR (GB 50341), the yield ratio of the steel has reached 0.803, which is larger than the upper limit value of API 650. In order to make up the deficiency, an optimization method based on API 650 is presented, which considers the effects of yield strength, tensile strength and yield ratio on the determination of allowable stress. Taking the 20×104 m3 oil storage tank and selecting a proper welded joint efficiency, the wall thickness is calculated by the presented optimization method. The wall thickness calculation result is more reasonable and the circumferential stress distribution is more homogeneous when the safety factor of tensile strength is taken to be 2.4. Results show that the optimization method is applicable to the thickness calculation of oil storage tanks made of high strength steel.

Deformation Characteristic Evaluation of Large Oil Storage Tanks under the Planar Inclined Foundation

2013 ◽  
Vol 351-352 ◽  
pp. 786-789
Author(s):  
Da Wei Ji ◽  
Li Xin Wei ◽  
Xiao Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Deformation Characteristic ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Oil Storage Tank ◽  
The Finite Element Model

Oil storage tank plays an important role in modern oil industry. The development of large-scale oil storage tanks has resulted in the complexity of stress distribution and deformation situation of tank wall and tank bottom. Especially in soft foundations, the tank structure is susceptible to various types of settlement deflections. The most common type is planar inclined foundation. In this paper, the finite element model of large-scale oil storage tank was built according to the pattern of design and the deformation characteristic and stress distribution of large storage tank under the planar inclined foundation was obtained. Considering the floating roof, the ultimate value of large storage tank under the planar inclined foundation is determined.

Determining the Subsidence of Oil Storage Tank Walls from Geodetic Leveling

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Irughe Ehigiator ◽  
J.O. Ehiorobo ◽  
M.O. Ehigiator ◽  
Ashraf A. Beshr
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Oil Storage Tank

In this paper the monitoring for subsidence in crude oil storage tanks by the method of Geodetic leveling is discussed. The monitoring network consisted of three control points established about 100m from the tank and 16 studs established at the base of the tank. From the control points, the stud locations were leveled using a geodetic level with parallel plate micrometer and telescopic staves. All levels were run in forward and reverse directions and the measurements were carried out in 2003, 2004 and 2008. Adjustment of observation was carried out using the least squares estimation model to determine the elevation of each stud position in the three measurement epochs together with their accuracy standards. Comparisons were made of the calculated movements from the three measurement epochs and the associated accuracies calculated from the least squares model. Analysis of the results indicated that with the exception of one stud ( stud 8), all other studs emplaced had moved and the movements ranged from 0.91mm to 13.06mm

Buckling of Oil Storage Tanks in SPPL Tank Farm During the 1979 Imperial Valley Earthquake

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-F. Shih ◽  
C. D. Babcock
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Base Excitation ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Tank Farm ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
Oil Storage Tank

An oil storage tank that suffered damage during the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake is studied using a laboratory model. The tank is unanchored and includes a floating roof. The tank is subjected to a single horizontal axis base excitation. Buckling is studied under both harmonic and simulated earthquake base motion. The model buckling results are in reasonable agreement with the field observations. It was also found that the floating roof has no effect on the buckling behavior. Comparison with the API design provisions shows that the empirical model used as the basis of the code for both tip-over and buckling have little resemblance to the actual tank behavior.

scholarly journals Corrosion and protection of island and offshore oil storage tank

2021 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 03035
Author(s):  
Miaoke Feng ◽  
Kaining He ◽  
Yanhong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Oil Storage Tank ◽  
Offshore Oil

This article is mainly based on the characteristics of the marine environment of islands and coastal seas and the current corrosion problems of storage tanks as well as their main locations, analyse the reasons for their formation and consider the potential safety hazards, so as to propose several effective storage tank corrosion protection methods, which has important positive significance for the long-term development of islands and coastal seas oil storage tanks.

Development of Prediction Method for Fatigue Crack Propagation in Large Oil Storage Tank

2004 ◽  
Vol 2004.6 (0) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Satoshi IGI ◽  
Masanori KAWAHARA ◽  
Kazuma KAWANO ◽  
Kazuyoshi SEKINE ◽  
Shin-ichi KAITA
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Fatigue Crack Propagation ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Oil Storage Tank

Crude Oil Storage Tank Refurbishment Duration Optimized by 40% Through Advanced Techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Mubarak Al Yammahi ◽  
Mohamed Obaid Al Kaabi ◽  
Rashid Hamad Al Zaabi ◽  
Sachin Ashok Shendge ◽  
Manly Vista Dizon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Project Schedule ◽  
Large Capacity ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Oil Storage Tank ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Oil Company

Abstract Crude storage tanks are an important asset in every oil company. Having adequate storage capacities is important economically and ensure steady supply of oil in the market. Hence, taking a huge tank out of service for refurbishment is technically and safety critical, and as much as putting it back into service on time. This paper presents an advanced methodology and assessment of tank refurbishment process of large capacity Crude Storage Tanks, in compliance with the International Codes and Standards resulting in optimization of the project schedule by approximately 40% as compared to conventional methodology of refurbishment. By deploying the advance techniques, detailed assessment, and dynamic planning we have been able to accelerate the completion of the project, improve tank availability time without compromising with the Integrity and HSE.

Oil Storage Tank Settlement Assessment Based on Standard and Finite Element Analyses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Shi ◽  
Xiaolin Wang ◽  
Jian Shuai ◽  
Kui Xu ◽  
Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Foundation Settlement ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Strength Assessment ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Oil Storage Tank

It is well known that foundation settlement of tank is particularly severe, and can produce distortion and stress of the tank, especially differential settlement around the circumference of the foundation below the shell of large-volume tank. The settlement standards involving European EEMUA 159-2003, American API 653-2009, and Chinese codes SH/T 3123-2001, SY/T 5921-2011 for in-service assessment of large-scale storage tank were reviewed and discussed. Finite element model for strength assessment of large-scale oil storage tank was developed based on actual field data of tank foundation settlement. The whole stress distributions and deformation of seven large-scale oil storage tanks in a depot in China were analyzed under the conditions of the practical pressure test through finite-element method. It also provides a comparison between an analytical model based on settlement criteria and a finite element model that replicates field operating loading and settlement conditions of storage tanks. A basis for comparison between models was established from the maximum allowable settlement and stress values. It was found that results from settlement standards of tank in China and other countries were more conservative than those from FEA, and SY/T 5921 in China made most stringent requirements for the tank settlement. The evaluation indicators of differential foundation settlement around the tank circumference are unreasonable in standards and rules mentioned above, the structural response of tank such as stress and deformation under foundation settlement should be considered sufficiently.

scholarly journals Study on the Evaluation of Radiant Heat Effects of Oil Storage Tank Fires Due to Environmental Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeomdong Lee ◽  
Juyeol Ryu ◽  
Seowon Park ◽  
Myong-O Yoon ◽  
Changwoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Heat Effects ◽  
Oil Storage Tank ◽  
The Difference

In this paper, the risk of damages to humans and properties due to fire explosions in gasoline storage tanks is identified, and the effects of radiant heat on adjacent tanks are evaluated to present the necessary area to secure safety. A simulation was conducted to evaluate the effect of radiant heat (Maximum emission) on adjacent tanks in an oil storage tank fire due to environmental conditions (Wind speed and temperature) in the Northern Gyeonggi Province. The result indicated that the radiant heat released in the fire of an oil storage tank was increased by approximately 1.9 times by the maximum wind speed and the difference occurred in the range of 700~800 kW by the maximum temperature. If a storage tank fire occurs, securing approximately 34.4 m of holding area is necessary. In the future, evaluating the radiant heat emitted by the fire of gasoline storage tanks will be required by applying various environmental conditions, and through this, research on specific and quantitative holding area is required.

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