Tissue- and Cell-Level Inhomogeneities Significantly Alter the Mechanical Behavior of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khoshgoftar ◽  
W. Wilson ◽  
K. Ito ◽  
C. C. van Donkelaar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Native Cartilage ◽  
Mechanical Quality ◽  
Engineered Cartilage

The insufficient load-bearing capacity of today’s tissue engineered (TE) cartilage is an important limiting factor for its clinical application. It is believed that the mechanical quality of TE cartilage constructs would be optimal if it had both a structure and composition resembling native cartilage. Cartilage TE studies therefore aim to reach extracellular matrix (ECM) content that resembles that of native tissue. However, the correlation between ECM content and mechanical properties of TE constructs is not unique and the correlation between matrix content and mechanical properties vary considerably.

Mechanical quality of tissue engineered cartilage: Results after 6 and 12 weeksin vivo

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg N. Duda ◽  
Andreas Haisch ◽  
Michaela Endres ◽  
Christian Gebert ◽  
Daniel Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Quality ◽  
Engineered Cartilage

Influence of the Temporal Deposition of Extracellular Matrix on the Mechanical Properties of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1476-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Khoshgoftar ◽  
Wouter Wilson ◽  
Keita Ito ◽  
Corrinus C. van Donkelaar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Engineered Cartilage

Strains in Stratified Agarose Constructs as Determined by Displacement-Encoded MRI

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Griebel ◽  
C. C. van Donkelaar ◽  
Corey P. Neu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Healthy Cartilage ◽  
Mechanical Quality ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Engineered Cartilage ◽  
External Stimuli

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating disease for which no satisfactory treatment exists. Tissue engineering-based strategies have shown considerable potential for repair. Agarose is frequently used as a scaffold material, as chondrocytes maintain their phenotype and cells remain responsive to mechanical stimuli. To improve the mechanical quality of tissue engineered cartilage, recent studies aimed to reproduce the depth-dependent structure of healthy cartilage. One approach to achieve this is by applying depth-dependent mechanical stimuli via cyclically sliding a glass cylinder over the cell-seeded agarose construct [1,2]. The different strains applied to the surface and the deeper regions are expected to induce stratified matrix synthesis and therefore stratified tissue stiffness. Consequently, with the same external stimuli, the internal strain distribution may alter with ongoing tissue development. Such effect is important to understand in order to optimize mechanical loading regimes for cartilage tissue engineering.

Elastin in the Arterial ECM: Interactions With Collagen and the Mechanical Properties After Elastin Degradation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Jay Chow ◽  
Raphaël Turcotte ◽  
Katherine Yanhang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Elastin Degradation

Elastin and collagen are the main structural components in the extracellular matrix (ECM) that contribute to the anisotropic and hyperelastic passive mechanical behavior of elastic arteries. It is commonly accepted that the elastin fibers support most of the load at the onset of stretching while collagen fiber recruitment and the transition to collagen bearing the load occurs at higher pressures [1]. Various diseases lead to changes in the ECM, for example in aortic aneurysm there is reduced elastin, excess aged collagen, and fragmentation of the elastic lamellae [2]. Likewise hypertension has been shown to increase arterial collagen and wall thickness with increased stiffness [3]. Improving our knowledge of how the ECM structure affects the mechanical behavior of arteries can provide insights to disease progression and better treatment methods.

Role of Collagen Content and Architecture in the Load Bearing Capabilities of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khoshgoftar ◽  
C. C. van Donkelaar ◽  
K. Ito
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Collagen Network ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Native Cartilage ◽  
Engineer Cartilage

A promising treatment for damaged cartilage is to replace it with tissue-engineered (TE) cartilage. However, the insufficient load-bearing capacity of today’s TE cartilage is an important limiting factor in its clinical application. In native cartilage, collagen fibers resist tension and proteoglycans (PG’s) attract water through osmotic pressure and resist its flow, which allows cartilage to withstand high compressive forces. One of the main challenges for tissue engineering of mechanically stable cartilage is therefore to find the cues to create an engineered tissue with an ultrastructure similar to that of native tissue. Currently, it is possible to tissue engineer cartilage with almost native PG content but collagen reaches only 1/4 of the native content [1]. Furthermore, the specific depth dependent arcade-like organization of collagen in native cartilage (i.e. vertical fibers in the deep zone and horizontal fibers in the superficial zone), which is optimized for distributing loads, has not been addressed in TE’d cartilage. However, the relative importance of matrix component content and collagen network architecture to the mechanical performance of TE cartilage is poorly understood, perhaps because this would require substantial effort on time consuming and labor-intensive experimental studies. The aim of this study is to explore if it is sufficient to produce a tissue with abundant proteoglycans and/or collagen, or whether reproducing the specific arcade-like collagen network in the implant is essential to develop sufficient load-bearing capacity, using a numerical approach.

Proteoglycan Contribution to the Mechanical Behavior of the Porcine Posterior Sclera

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Murienne ◽  
C. Thao D. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Loading Conditions

Studies describing the mechanical properties of the sclera can be found in the literature 1–10, including studies on healthy, pathophysiological and aging scleral tissue from different species and tested under various loading conditions. However, none was found to specifically address the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the mechanical behavior of the sclera.

Improvement of the Mechanical Properties of AZ91D Magnesium Alloys by Deposition of Thin Hydroxyapatite Film

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenii S. Melnikov ◽  
Maria A. Surmeneva ◽  
Alexander I. Tyurin ◽  
Tatyana S. Pirozhkova ◽  
Ivan A. Shuvarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Az91 Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Az91d Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Az91 Magnesium

Structural and mechanical behavior of thin hydroxyapatite (HA) films deposited via radio-frequency magnetron sputtering on AZ91D magnesium alloy was investigated. Nanoindentationwas employed to evaluate nanohardness and Young’s modulus of the uncoated and HA-coated AZ91 magnesium alloy. The HA-coated AZ91D magnesium alloy exhibited a higher hardness of 7.1 GPa and a higher modulus of 86 GPa compared withthe uncoated substrate revealing a strong load-bearing capacity.

Study on the Property of Clinched Joint in Similar-Dissimilar Sheets about Titanium Alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 888-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Xiao Cong He ◽  
Fu Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Alloy Sheet ◽  
Tensile Shear ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Minimum Thickness

In order to analysis the mechanical properties of clinched joints of titanium alloy, three types of the clinched joints in similar and dissimilar sheets called , TA1-TA1,TA1-H62 and Al5052-TA1 were respectively studied through the method of experiment. Tensile shear tests were carried out to examine the mechanical behavior of them, the failure modes also been analysised. It can be seen in the experiment that the failure mode of the three kinds of joints were fracture of upper sheet at the neck with the minimum thickness. Comparison shows that improve the plasticity of the lower sheet can improve the quality of joint when the upper sheet was titanium alloy sheet.

scholarly journals Bone Mechanical Properties in Healthy and Diseased States

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise F. Morgan ◽  
Ginu U. Unnikrisnan ◽  
Amira I. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Bone Mechanics ◽  
Bone Quantity

The mechanical properties of bone are fundamental to the ability of our skeletons to support movement and to provide protection to our vital organs. As such, deterioration in mechanical behavior with aging and/or diseases such as osteoporosis and diabetes can have profound consequences for individuals’ quality of life. This article reviews current knowledge of the basic mechanical behavior of bone at length scales ranging from hundreds of nanometers to tens of centimeters. We present the basic tenets of bone mechanics and connect them to some of the arcs of research that have brought the field to recent advances. We also discuss cortical bone, trabecular bone, and whole bones, as well as multiple aspects of material behavior, including elasticity, yield, fracture, fatigue, and damage. We describe the roles of bone quantity (e.g., density, porosity) and bone quality (e.g., cross-linking, protein composition), along with several avenues of future research.

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