The Impact of Tissue Viscoelasticity on the Flow Dynamics of an Anti-HIV Microbicidal Gel: Numerical Simulations

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zouhair Talbi ◽  
Sarah L. Kieweg
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Anti Hiv

Coating vaginal or rectal epithelium using microbicidal gels is a promising preventive procedure against HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). A microbicidal gel is deployed as a delivery vehicle of anti-HIV and other anti-STI agents and it is also used to act as barrier between the pathogens and the biological tissue. The efficacy of a microbicidal gel depends greatly on the extent of the spreading and the amount of the epithelial surfaces covered.

scholarly journals A risk-based model for predicting the impact of using condoms on the spread of sexually transmitted infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Azizi ◽  
Karen Ríos-Soto ◽  
Anuj Mubayi ◽  
James M. Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Male Urethritis Caused by Trichomonas vaginalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
Ângela Roda ◽  
João Borges-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. In women, Trichomonas vaginalis infection may present with vaginitis, cervicitis, or pelvic inflammatory disease, while in men it is mainly asymptomatic or causes mild and transient symptoms of urethritis, epididymitis, or prostatitis. In the past, little importance had been given to the impact of T. vaginalis infection on men’s health, since it was believed to be a self-limited condition without sequelae. However, there is growing evidence it is associated with more serious disorders in both men and women and efforts to diagnose and treat this parasitic infection have increased. Recent advances in testing for sexually transmitted diseases using multiplex molecular assays have increased diagnostic opportunities for T. vaginalis infection, especially in men, as detection of the parasite by traditional methods is much more challenging. We describe an unusual case of male urethritis caused by T. vaginalis observed in our consultation of Sexually Transmitted Infections.

scholarly journals Impact of chemokine C–C ligand 27, foreskin anatomy and sexually transmitted infections on HIV-1 target cell availability in adolescent South African males

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Clive M. Gray ◽  
Kyle L. O’Hagan ◽  
Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo ◽  
Abraham J. Olivier ◽  
Sylvie Amu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Medical Male Circumcision ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
T Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract We compared outer and inner foreskin tissue from adolescent males undergoing medical male circumcision to better understand signals that increase HIV target cell availability in the foreskin. We measured chemokine gene expression and the impact of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on the density and location of T and Langerhans cells. Chemokine C–C ligand 27 (CCL27) was expressed 6.94-fold higher in the inner foreskin when compared with the outer foreskin. We show that the density of CD4+CCR5+ cells/mm2 was higher in the epithelium of the inner foreskin, regardless of STI status, in parallel with higher CCL27 gene expression. In the presence of STIs, there were higher numbers of CD4+CCR5+ cells/mm2 cells in the sub-stratum of the outer and inner foreskin with concurrently higher number of CD207+ Langerhans cells (LC) in both tissues, with the latter cells being closer to the keratin surface of the outer FS in the presence of an STI. When we tested the ability of exogenous CCL27 to induce T-cell migration in foreskin tissue, CD4 + T cells were able to relocate to the inner foreskin epithelium in response. We provide novel insight into the impact CCL27 and STIs on immune and HIV-1 target cell changes in the foreskin.

Women infected with HIV and the impact of associated sexually transmitted infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaia Reda ◽  
Fernanda Aguiar Gonçalves ◽  
Melissa Mello Mazepa ◽  
Newton Sérgio De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Association of malaria and curable sexually transmitted infections with pregnancy outcomes in rural Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Henri Zango ◽  
Moussa Lingani ◽  
Innocent Valea ◽  
Ouindpanga Sekou Samadoulougou ◽  
Biebo Bihoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Malaria and curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are severe infections associated with poor pregnancy outcomes in sub-Saharan countries. These infections are responsible for low birth weight, preterm birth, and miscarriage. In Burkina Faso, many interventions recommended by the World Health Organization were implemented to control the impact of these infections. After decades of intervention, we assessed the impact of these infections on pregnancy outcomes in rural setting of Burkina Faso. Methods Antenatal care and delivery data of pregnant women attending health facilities in 2016 and 2017 were collected in two rural districts namely Nanoro and Yako, in Burkina Faso. Regression models with likelihood ratio test were used to assess the association between infections and pregnancy outcomes. Results During the two years, 31639 pregnant women received antenatal care. Malaria without STI, STI without malaria, and their coinfections were reported for 7359 (23.3%), 881 (2.8 %), and 388 (1.2%) women, respectively. Low birth weight, miscarriage, and stillbirth were observed in 2754 (10.5 %), 547 (2.0 %), and 373 (1.3 %) women, respectively. Our data did not show an association between low birth weight and malaria [Adjusted OR: 0.91 (0.78 – 1.07)], STIs [Adjusted OR: 0.74 (0.51 – 1.07)] and coinfection [Adjusted OR: 1.15 (0.75 – 1.78)]. Low birth weight was strongly associated with primigravidae [Adjusted OR: 3.53 (3.12 – 4.00)]. Both miscarriage and stillbirth were associated with malaria [Adjusted OR: 1.31 (1.07 – 1.59)], curable STI [Adjusted OR: 1.65 (1.06 – 2.59)], and coinfection [Adjusted OR: 2.00 (1.13 – 3.52)]. Conclusion Poor pregnancy outcomes remained frequent in rural Burkina Faso. Malaria, curable STIs, and their coinfections were associated with both miscarriage and stillbirth in rural Burkina. More effort should be done to reduce the proportion of pregnancies lost associated with these curable infections by targeting interventions in primigravidae women.

scholarly journals The effects of free condom distribution on HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinier Bom ◽  
Kalja van der Linden ◽  
Amy Matser ◽  
Nicolas Poulin ◽  
Maarten Schim van der Loeff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Condom Distribution ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Public Sex ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Impact

HIV and other sexually transmitted infections remain a burden on men who have sex with men in the era of effective combination antiretroviral therapy. New prevention efforts are therefore needed. One of these approaches is the current country-wide free condom distribution at gay bars with darkrooms and gay saunas in the Netherlands. This study assessed the effects of free condom distribution on incidence and burden of disease of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.A model was constructed to calculate the impact of free condom distribution on HIV, hepatitis C, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and syphilis among men who have sex with men visiting these venues. Outcomes included new infections averted and disability-adjusted life years averted. Scenario studies were performed to predict the effects of a further increase of condom use, condom effectiveness and coverage. Lastly, cost-effectiveness and sensitivity analyses were performed.Condom use at public sex venues increased after the intervention. Our model showed decreases in annual incidence risk, ranging from 5.73% for gonorrhoea to 7.62% for HIV. The annual number of new infections averted was largest for chlamydia and gonorrhoea (261 and 394 infections, respectively), but 42 new HIV infections were averted as well. Over 98% of the decrease in burden of disease was due to HIV. In scenarios where condom use and condom effectiveness were further increased, this reduction became more extensive. The intervention was cost-effective and cost-saving (for every €1 spent on condom distribution, €5.51 was saved) and remained this in all sensitivity analyses.Free condoms at public sex venues can reduce the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Condom distribution is an affordable and easily implemented intervention that can reduce the burden of disease in men who have sex with men substantially.

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