Tree frog-inspired nanopillar arrays for enhancement of adhesion and friction

Mast cell and basophil granules of the vertebrate contain heparin or related sulfated proteoglycans. Histamine is also present in mammalian mast cells and basophils. However, no histamine is detected in mast cell granules of the amphibian or fish, while it is shown in those of reptiles and birds A quantitative x-ray microanalysis of mast cell granules of fresh frozen dried ultrathin sections of the tongue of Wistar rats and tree frogs disclosed high concentrations of sulfur in rat mast cell granules and those of sulfur and magnesium in the tree frog granules. Their concentrations in tree frog mast cell granules were closely correlated (r=0.94).Fresh frozen dried ultrathin sections and fresh air-dried prints of the tree frog tongue and spleen and young red-eared turtle (ca. 6 g) spleen and heart blood were examined by a quantitative energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis (X-650, Kevex-7000) for the element constituents of the granules of mast cells and basophils. The specimens were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (80-200 kV) and followed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) under an analytical electron microscope (X-650) at an acceleration voltage of 40 kV and a specimen current of 0.2 nA. A spot analysis was performed in a STEM mode for 100 s at a specimen current of 2 nA on the mast cell and basophil granules and other areas of the cells. Histamine was examined by the o-phthalaldehyde method.

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Observation on the breeding biology of Polypedates teraiensis (Dubois, 1987) (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae)

Science Vision ◽

10.33493/scivis.17.01.05 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 25-32

Author(s):

Jacinta Lalchhanhimi ◽

Lalremsanga H.T.

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Breeding Season ◽

Sound Production ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Breeding Biology ◽

Tree Frog ◽

University Campus ◽

Morphometric Measurements ◽

Advertisement Calls ◽

Males And Females

The breeding biology of tree frog, Polypedates teraiensis was studied during the breeding season at Mizoram University Campus. It was found that sound production by male during the breeding season was primarily a reproductive function and advertisement calls attract females to the breeding areas and announce other males that a given territory is occupied. The aim of this study was to provide the detailed information on the breeding behaviour and the advertisement calls of Polypedates teraiensis. The morphometric measurements of the amplecting pairs (males and females) for sexual dimorphism along with clutch sizes were also studied.

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KARIOTIPE KATAK POHON PAPUA Litoria infrafrenata

Jurnal Natural ◽

10.30862/jn.v5i1.704 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elda Irma Kawulur

Keyword(s):

Papua New Guinea ◽

New Guinea ◽

Tree Frog ◽

Chromosome Type ◽

Centromere Position ◽

The Difference

<p><em>The Papuan tree frog Litoria infrafrenata has 12 chromosome pairs with two chromosome type, metasentric and submetasentric. Karyotype of Litoria infrafrenata was analyzed by determining centromere position and chromosome type. The difference of some chromosome type of L. infrafrenata in Manokwari do not indicate a closed relationship with specimen from Papua New Guinea.</em></p>

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of High-density sex-specific linkage maps of a European tree frog (Hyla arborea) identify the sex chromosome without information on offspring sex.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725792646.793510088 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Deborah Charlesworth

Keyword(s):

Sex Chromosome ◽

High Density ◽

Tree Frog ◽

Linkage Maps ◽

Hyla Arborea ◽

Offspring Sex

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Larvae of the blow fly Caiusa testacea (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as egg predators of Polypedates cruciger Blyth, 1852 (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae)

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.5740.12.17.17374-17379 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (17) ◽

pp. 17374-17379

Author(s):

W.G.D. Chathuranga ◽

K. Kariyawasam ◽

Anslem De Silva ◽

W.A.Priyanka P. De Silva

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

High Impact ◽

Tree Frog ◽

Blow Fly ◽

Breeding Habitats ◽

The Family ◽

Water Container ◽

The Common ◽

Natural Breeding ◽

The Impact

We investigated the impact of dipteran predators on eggs in foam nests of the Common Hour-glass Tree Frog Polypedates cruciger Blyth, 1852 (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in central Sri Lanka. Foam nests (n=24) of P. cruciger were examined at their natural breeding habitats and infected (n=8) and uninfected spawns (n=16) were identified. Emerging tadpoles were collected in a water container hung under each spawn and the average number of tadpoles (N) hatched from infected spawns (N=0) was compared with that of uninfected spawns (N=354 ± 67). Three severely infected spawns were brought to the laboratory and the fly larvae were reared until they metamorphosed to adults. Morphological and molecular identification of the flies confirmed them as belonging to Caiusa testacea Senior-White, 1923 of the family Calliphoridae. The infected spawns were completely destroyed and an estimated average of 400 P. cruciger eggs per spawn were lost. The results revealed a high impact of Caiusa testacea on egg and embryo mortality of P. cruciger.

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3D super-resolved imaging in live cells using sub-diffractive plasmonic localization of hybrid nanopillar arrays

Nanophotonics ◽

10.1515/nanoph-2020-0105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 2847-2859

Author(s):

Soojung Kim ◽

Hyerin Song ◽

Heesang Ahn ◽

Seung Won Jun ◽

Seungchul Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Optical Loss ◽

Super Resolution ◽

Living Cells ◽

Live Cells ◽

Complex Biological System ◽

Observation Volume ◽

Resolution Imaging ◽

Nanopillar Arrays

AbstractAnalysing dynamics of a single biomolecule using high-resolution imaging techniques has been had significant attentions to understand complex biological system. Among the many approaches, vertical nanopillar arrays in contact with the inside of cells have been reported as a one of useful imaging applications since an observation volume can be confined down to few-tens nanometre theoretically. However, the nanopillars experimentally are not able to obtain super-resolution imaging because their evanescent waves generate a high optical loss and a low signal-to-noise ratio. Also, conventional nanopillars have a limitation to yield 3D information because they do not concern field localization in z-axis. Here, we developed novel hybrid nanopillar arrays (HNPs) that consist of SiO2 nanopillars terminated with gold nanodisks, allowing extreme light localization. The electromagnetic field profiles of HNPs are obtained through simulations and imaging resolution of cell membrane and biomolecules in living cells are tested using one-photon and 3D multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Consequently, HNPs present approximately 25 times enhanced intensity compared to controls and obtained an axial and lateral resolution of 110 and 210 nm of the intensities of fluorophores conjugated with biomolecules transported in living cells. These structures can be a great platform to analyse complex intracellular environment.

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