Non-ionizing near-infrared radiation transillumination spectroscopy for breast tissue density and assessment of breast cancer risk

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer that causes death in women. Conventional therapies, including surgery and chemotherapy, have different therapeutic effects and are commonly associated with risks and side effects. Near infrared radiation is a technique with few side effects that is used for local hyperthermia, typically as an adjuvant to other cancer therapies. The understanding of the use of near NIR as a monotherapy, and its effects on the immune cells activation and infiltration, are limited. In this study, we investigate the effects of HT treatment using NIR on tumor regression and on the immune cells and molecules in breast tumors. Results from this study demonstrated that local HT by NIR at 43 °C reduced tumor progression and significantly increased the median survival of tumor-bearing mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant reduction in cells proliferation in treated tumor, which was accompanied by an abundance of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). Increased numbers of activated dendritic cells were observed in the draining lymph nodes of the mice, along with infiltration of T cells, NK cells and B cells into the tumor. In contrast, tumor-infiltrated regulatory T cells were largely diminished from the tumor. In addition, higher IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion was observed in tumor of treated mice. Overall, results from this present study extends the understanding of using local HT by NIR to stimulate a favourable immune response against breast cancer.

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HEIGHT AND WEIGHT, MAMMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF BREAST TISSUE, AND BREAST CANCER RISK

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113755 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 119 (3) ◽

pp. 371-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

JACQUES BRISSON ◽

ALAN S. MORRISON ◽

DANIEL B. KOPANS ◽

NORMAN L. SADOWSKY ◽

LESTER KALISHER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Breast Tissue

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DNA Methylation and Breast Cancer Risk: An Epigenome-Wide Study of Normal Breast Tissue and Blood

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12113088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3088 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kaoutar Ennour-Idrissi ◽

Dzevka Dragic ◽

Elissar Issa ◽

Annick Michaud ◽

Sue-Ling Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Breast Tissue ◽

Normal Breast Tissue ◽

Normal Breast ◽

Breast Epithelium ◽

Normal Breast Epithelium ◽

Differentially Methylated Genes

Differential DNA methylation is a potential marker of breast cancer risk. Few studies have investigated DNA methylation changes in normal breast tissue and were largely confounded by cancer field effects. To detect methylation changes in normal breast epithelium that are causally associated with breast cancer occurrence, we used a nested case–control study design based on a prospective cohort of patients diagnosed with a primary invasive hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Twenty patients diagnosed with a contralateral breast cancer (CBC) were matched (1:1) with 20 patients who did not develop a CBC on relevant risk factors. Differentially methylated Cytosine-phosphate-Guanines (CpGs) and regions in normal breast epithelium were identified using an epigenome-wide DNA methylation assay and robust linear regressions. Analyses were replicated in two independent sets of normal breast tissue and blood. We identified 7315 CpGs (FDR < 0.05), 52 passing strict Bonferroni correction (p < 1.22 × 10−7) and 43 mapping to known genes involved in metabolic diseases with significant enrichment (p < 0.01) of pathways involving fatty acids metabolic processes. Four differentially methylated genes were detected in both site-specific and regions analyses (LHX2, TFAP2B, JAKMIP1, SEPT9), and three genes overlapped all three datasets (POM121L2, KCNQ1, CLEC4C). Once validated, the seven differentially methylated genes distinguishing women who developed and who did not develop a sporadic breast cancer could be used to enhance breast cancer risk-stratification, and allow implementation of targeted screening and preventive strategies that would ultimately improve breast cancer prognosis.

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Outcomes after Surgery for Early Stage Breast Cancer in Women Staged With Preoperative Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging According to Breast Tissue Density

Journal of Breast Imaging ◽

10.1093/jbi/wbz018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 115-121

Author(s):

Renata Faermann ◽

Jonathan Weidenfeld ◽

Leonid Chepelev ◽

Wayne Kendal ◽

Raman Verma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Tissue ◽

Early Stage ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

Breast Mri ◽

Early Stage Breast Cancer ◽

Free Survival ◽

Tissue Density ◽

Breast Tissue Density ◽

Preoperative Breast Mri

Abstract Purpose To determine surgical outcomes and breast cancer disease-free survival outcomes of women with early stage breast cancer with and without use of preoperative breast MRI according to breast tissue density. Methods Women with early stage breast cancer diagnosed from 2004 to 2009 were classified into 2 groups: 1) those with dense and heterogeneously dense breasts (DB); 2) those with nondense breasts (NDB) (scattered fibroglandular and fatty replaced tissue). The 2 groups were reviewed to determine who underwent preoperative MRI. Breast tissue density was determined with mammography according to ACR BI-RADS. Patients were compared according to tumor size, grade, stage, and treatment. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Results In total, 261 patients with mean follow-up of 85 months (25–133) were included: 156 DB and 105 NDB. Disease-free survival outcomes were better in the DB group in patients with MRI than in those without MRI: patients with MRI had significantly fewer local recurrences (P < 0.016) and metachronous contralateral breast cancers (P < 0.001), but this was not the case in the NDB group. Mastectomies were higher in the DB group with preoperative MRI than in those without MRI (P < 0.01), as it was in the NDB group (P > 0.05). Conclusions Preoperative breast MRI was associated with reduced local recurrence and metachronous contralateral cancers in the DB group, but not in the NDB group; however, the DB patients with MRI had higher mastectomy rates.

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