scholarly journals Advanced imaging capabilities by incorporating plasmonics and metamaterials in detectors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hennessy ◽  
April D. Jewell ◽  
Michael E. Hoenk ◽  
David Hitlin ◽  
Mickel McClish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Imaging

Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the subdural spaces mimicking chronic hematoma with positive FDG uptake on PET: case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-453
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Kahn ◽  
Jeffrey T. Waltz ◽  
Ramin M. Eskandari ◽  
Cynthia T. Welsh ◽  
Michael U. Antonucci
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Juvenile Xanthogranuloma ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood

The authors report an unusual presentation of juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), a non–Langerhans cell histiocytosis of infancy and early childhood. This entity typically presents as a cutaneous head or neck nodule but can manifest with more systemic involvement including in the central nervous system. However, currently there is limited information regarding specific imaging features differentiating JXG from other neuropathological entities, with diagnosis typically made only after tissue sampling. The authors reviewed the initial images of a young patient with shunt-treated hydrocephalus and enlarging, chronic, extraaxial processes presumed to reflect subdural collections from overshunting, and they examine the operative discovery of a mass lesion that was pathologically proven to be JXG. Their results incorporate the important associated histological and advanced imaging features, including previously unreported metabolic activity on FDG PET. Ultimately, the case underscores the need to consider JXG in differential diagnoses of pediatric intracranial masses and highlights the potential role of PET in the initial diagnosis and response to treatment.

scholarly journals Differentiating Glioblastomas from Solitary Brain Metastases: An Update on the Current Literature of Advanced Imaging Modalities

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2960
Author(s):  
Austin-John Fordham ◽  
Caitlin-Craft Hacherl ◽  
Neal Patel ◽  
Keri Jones ◽  
Brandon Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Dynamic Susceptibility ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
Solitary Brain Metastases

Differentiating between glioblastomas and solitary brain metastases proves to be a challenging diagnosis for neuroradiologists, as both present with imaging patterns consisting of peritumoral hyperintensities with similar intratumoral texture on traditional magnetic resonance imaging sequences. Early diagnosis is paramount, as each pathology has completely different methods of clinical assessment. In the past decade, recent developments in advanced imaging modalities enabled providers to acquire a more accurate diagnosis earlier in the patient’s clinical assessment, thus optimizing clinical outcome. Dynamic susceptibility contrast has been optimized for detecting relative cerebral blood flow and relative cerebral blood volume. Diffusion tensor imaging can be used to detect changes in mean diffusivity. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging is an innovative modality detecting changes in intracellular volume fraction, isotropic volume fraction, and extracellular volume fraction. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is able to assist by providing a metabolic descriptor while detecting variable ratios of choline/N-acetylaspartate, choline/creatine, and N-acetylaspartate/creatine. Finally, radiomics and machine learning algorithms have been devised to assist in improving diagnostic accuracy while often utilizing more than one advanced imaging protocol per patient. In this review, we provide an update on all the current evidence regarding the identification and differentiation of glioblastomas from solitary brain metastases.

scholarly journals Differences in echocardiography interpretation techniques among trainees and expert readers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Roy Anderson ◽  
Sarah Blissett ◽  
Patricia O’Sullivan ◽  
Atif Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Multiple Images ◽  
Novice Readers

Abstract Background Trainees learn transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) interpretation through independently completing and reviewing selected portions of the study with experts. The diagnostic accuracy of novice TTE interpretation is known to be low and schema for reading TTEs systematically are lacking. The purpose of our study is to identify techniques experts use while reading TTEs which could be used to more effectively teach novice readers. Methods We performed a prospective qualitative case study to observe how experts and trainees interpret TTEs in an academic institution using a concurrent think aloud (CTA) method. Three TTEs of intermediate complexity were given to 3 advanced imaging fellows, 3 first year fellows and 3 expert TTE readers Participants filled out a report while reading and described aloud their thought processes. Sessions were video and audiotaped for analysis. Results Experts and advanced fellows used specific techniques that novices did not including: previewing studies, reviewing multiple images simultaneously, having flexibility in image review order and disease coding, and saving hardest elements to code for the end. Direct observation of TTE reading informed trainee inefficiencies and was a well-received educational tool. Conclusions In this single centered study we identified several unique approaches experts use to interpret TTEs which may be teachable to novices. Although limited in generalizability the findings of this study suggests that a more systematic approach to TTE interpretation, using techniques found in experts, might be of significant value for trainees. Further study is needed to evaluate teaching practices at other institutions and to assess whether implementation of these techniques by novices improves can improve their diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of reading at an earlier stage in their training.

First Metatarsal Rotation in Hallux Valgus Deformity

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-522
Author(s):  
Jesse Steadman ◽  
Alexej Barg ◽  
Charles L. Saltzman
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Valgus Deformity ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Hallux Valgus Deformity ◽  
Biplanar Radiographs

Rotation of the first metatarsal (M1) as a potential etiological factor of hallux valgus (HV) deformity was described relatively early in the description of HV pathoanatomy. However, because biplanar radiographs have been the standard method for imaging HV, clinicians primarily developed measurement methods and corrective operations confined to 2 dimensions, medial-lateral and inferior-superior. Recently, as our understanding of HV pathoanatomy has further developed, aided in part by advanced imaging technology, M1 rotation about its axis (“axial rotation”) and its implications for HV deformity and treatment has reemerged. The goal of this review is to summarize M1 rotation in HV from a historical perspective, to present the current understanding of its potential role in the etiology/pathogenesis of HV, and to summarize relevant imaging and operative considerations with respect to M1 rotation. Level of Evidence: Level III, systematic review.

scholarly journals Assessment and Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: A Comparison of Imaging Modalities and Future Perspectives

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3521
Author(s):  
Valeria Romeo ◽  
Giuseppe Accardo ◽  
Teresa Perillo ◽  
Luca Basso ◽  
Nunzia Garbino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Tumor Response ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Locally Advanced Breast Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Advanced Imaging

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is becoming the standard of care for locally advanced breast cancer, aiming to reduce tumor size before surgery. Unfortunately, less than 30% of patients generally achieve a pathological complete response and approximately 5% of patients show disease progression while receiving NAC. Accurate assessment of the response to NAC is crucial for subsequent surgical planning. Furthermore, early prediction of tumor response could avoid patients being overtreated with useless chemotherapy sections, which are not free from side effects and psychological implications. In this review, we first analyze and compare the accuracy of conventional and advanced imaging techniques as well as discuss the application of artificial intelligence tools in the assessment of tumor response after NAC. Thereafter, the role of advanced imaging techniques, such as MRI, nuclear medicine, and new hybrid PET/MRI imaging in the prediction of the response to NAC is described in the second part of the review. Finally, future perspectives in NAC response prediction, represented by AI applications, are discussed.

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