Imaging techniques and methodologies for acquisition, processing and distribution of multimodal image data of the oeuvre of Jan van Eyck

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Fransen ◽  
Frederik Temmermans ◽  
Christina Currie
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Image Data

scholarly journals Current Applications, Opportunities, and Limitations of AI for 3D Imaging in Dental Research and Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4424
Author(s):  
Kuofeng Hung ◽  
Andy Wai Kan Yeung ◽  
Ray Tanaka ◽  
Michael M. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Automated Diagnosis ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Facial Scanning

The increasing use of three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques in dental medicine has boosted the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems for various clinical problems. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral/facial scans are potential sources of image data to develop 3D image-based AI systems for automated diagnosis, treatment planning, and prediction of treatment outcome. This review focuses on current developments and performance of AI for 3D imaging in dentomaxillofacial radiology (DMFR) as well as intraoral and facial scanning. In DMFR, machine learning-based algorithms proposed in the literature focus on three main applications, including automated diagnosis of dental and maxillofacial diseases, localization of anatomical landmarks for orthodontic and orthognathic treatment planning, and general improvement of image quality. Automatic recognition of teeth and diagnosis of facial deformations using AI systems based on intraoral and facial scanning will very likely be a field of increased interest in the future. The review is aimed at providing dental practitioners and interested colleagues in healthcare with a comprehensive understanding of the current trend of AI developments in the field of 3D imaging in dental medicine.

Post-mortem computed tomography: Technical principles and recommended parameter settings for high-resolution imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Gascho ◽  
Michael J. Thali ◽  
Tilo Niemann
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Technical Principles ◽  
Dose Imaging

Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) has become a standard procedure in many forensic institutes worldwide. However, the standard scan protocols offered by vendors are optimised for clinical radiology and its main considerations regarding computed tomography (CT), namely, radiation exposure and motion artefacts. Thus, these protocols aim at low-dose imaging and fast imaging techniques. However, these considerations are negligible in post-mortem imaging, which allows for significantly increased image quality. Therefore, the parameters have to be adjusted to achieve the best image quality. Several parameters affect the image quality differently and have to be weighed against each other to achieve the best image quality for different diagnostic interests. There are two main groups of parameters that are adjustable by the user: acquisition parameters and reconstruction parameters. Acquisition parameters have to be selected prior to scanning and affect the raw data composition. In contrast, reconstruction parameters affect the calculation of the slice stacks from the raw data. This article describes the CT principles from acquiring image data to post-processing and provides an overview of the significant parameters for increasing the image quality in PMCT. Based on the CT principles, the effects of these parameters on the contrast, noise, resolution and frequently occurring artefacts are described. This article provides a guide for the performance of PMCT in morgues, clinical facilities or private practices.

Filtered Rayleigh Scattering Thermometry in a Premixed Sooting Flame

Volume 4 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean P. Kearney ◽  
Thomas W. Grasser ◽  
Steven J. Beresh
Keyword(s):  
Rayleigh Scattering ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Soot Volume Fraction ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Molecular Iodine ◽  
Line Center ◽  
Temperature Imaging ◽  
Planar Laser ◽  
Laser Induced Incandescence

Filtered Rayleigh Scattering (FRS) is demonstrated in a premixed, sooting ethylene-air flame. In sooting flames, traditional laser-based temperature-imaging techniques such linear (unfiltered) Rayleigh scatting (LRS) and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) are rendered intractable due to intense elastic scattering interferences from in-flame soot. FRS partially overcomes this limitation by utilizing a molecular iodine filter in conjunction with an injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser, where the seeded laser output is tuned to line center of a strong iodine absorption transition. A significant portion of the Doppler-broadened molecular Rayleigh signal is then passed while intense soot scattering at the laser line is strongly absorbed. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of FRS for sooting flame thermometry using a premixed, ethylene-air flat flame. We present filtered and unfiltered laser light-scattering images, FRS temperature data, and laser-induced incandescence (LII) measurements of soot volume fraction for fuel-air equivalence ratios of φ = 2.19 and 2.24. FRS-measured product temperatures for these flames are nominally 1500 K. The FRS temperature and image data are discussed in the context of the soot LII results and a preliminary estimate of the upper sooting limit for our FRS system of order 0.1 ppm volume fraction is obtained.

scholarly journals RockFlow: Fast Generation of Synthetic Source Rock Images Using Generative Flow Models

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6571
Author(s):  
Timothy I. Anderson ◽  
Kelly M. Guan ◽  
Bolivia Vega ◽  
Saman A. Aryana ◽  
Anthony R. Kovscek
Keyword(s):  
Source Rock ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Grayscale Image ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Rock Characterization

Image-based evaluation methods are a valuable tool for source rock characterization. The time and resources needed to obtain images has spurred development of machine-learning generative models to create synthetic images of pore structure and rock fabric from limited image data. While generative models have shown success, existing methods for generating 3D volumes from 2D training images are restricted to binary images and grayscale volume generation requires 3D training data. Shale characterization relies on 2D imaging techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and grayscale values carry important information about porosity, kerogen content, and mineral composition of the shale. Here, we introduce RockFlow, a method based on generative flow models that creates grayscale volumes from 2D training data. We apply RockFlow to baseline binary micro-CT image volumes and compare performance to a previously proposed model. We also show the extension of our model to 2D grayscale data by generating grayscale image volumes from 2D SEM and dual modality nanoscale shale images. The results show that our method underestimates the porosity and surface area on the binary baseline datasets but is able to generate realistic grayscale image volumes for shales. With improved binary data preprocessing, we believe that our model is capable of generating synthetic porous media volumes for a very broad class of rocks from shale to carbonates to sandstone.

Imaging Morphogenesis: Technological Advances and Biological Insights

Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 340 (6137) ◽  
pp. 1234168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp J. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Complex Image ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Morphogenesis, the development of the shape of an organism, is a dynamic process on a multitude of scales, from fast subcellular rearrangements and cell movements to slow structural changes at the whole-organism level. Live-imaging approaches based on light microscopy reveal the intricate dynamics of this process and are thus indispensable for investigating the underlying mechanisms. This Review discusses emerging imaging techniques that can record morphogenesis at temporal scales from seconds to days and at spatial scales from hundreds of nanometers to several millimeters. To unlock their full potential, these methods need to be matched with new computational approaches and physical models that help convert highly complex image data sets into biological insights.

Observation of Large-Scale Structures in Unsaturated Materials

1990 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Maneval ◽  
M.J. Mccarthy ◽  
S. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Scale Structures

ABSTRACTWe report here the use of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in the observation of liquid-phase fraction distributions in a partially-wetted sample of glass beads. By combiningboth large- and small-scale imaging techniques, we can study the transition from local-averaged saturations to large-scale averaged saturations. The image data allows us to assess the utility of the large-scale measurements We comment on the reliability and generality of the measurements for our specific system.

scholarly journals Digital Archiving of Civil War Graffiti for Research & Access

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Andrea J. Loewenwarter ◽  
Margaret L. Misch ◽  
Kristin Jacobsen ◽  
Mills Kelly ◽  
Michael B. Toth
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Data Archiving ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Civil War Era

Historic properties face challenges preserving and maintaining their physical heritage, as well as digitally sharing and accessing their history in a virtual environment. They are now utilizing new advanced imaging methods to research their cultural heritage artifacts. Recent advanced imaging in historic Civil War-era houses demonstrated the integration of imaging techniques and data to support conservation of these structures and research into their history and contents. New technical systems, including the latest narrowband multispectral imaging systems and higher resolution cameras, raise major challenges in not only the integration of new technologies, but also the ability to store, manage and access large amounts of data. Integration, preservation, access and collaboration with the image data from this program requires implementation of standardized digitization and data archiving practices.

Integrated Segmentation and Non-linear Registration for Organ Segmentation and Motion Field Estimation in 4D CT Data

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (04) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Handels ◽  
J. Ehrhardt ◽  
A. Schmidt-Richberg
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Motion Estimation ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Motion Field ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Induced Motion ◽  
Ct Data

Summary Objectives: The development of spatiotemporal tomographic imaging techniques allows the application of novel techniques for diagnosis and therapy in the medical routine. However, in consequence to the increasing amount of image data automatic methods for segmentation and motion estimation are required. In adaptive radiation therapy, registration techniques are used for the estimation of respiration-induced motion of pre-segmented organs. In this paper, a variational approach for the simultaneous computation of segmentations and a dense non-linear registration of the 3D images of the sequence is presented. Methods: In the presented approach, a variational region-based level set segmentation of the structures of interest is combined with a diffusive registration of the spatial images of the sequence. We integrate both parts by defining a new energy term, which allows us to incorporate mutual prior information in order to improve the segmentation as well as the registration quality. Results: The presented approach was utilized for the segmentation of the liver and the simultaneous estimation of its respiration-induced motion based on four-dimensional thoracic CT images. For the considered patients, we were able to improve the results of the segmentation and the motion estimation, compared to the conventional uncoupled methods. Conclusions: Applied in the field of radiation therapy of thoracic tumors, the presented integrated approach turns out to be useful for simultaneous segmentation and registration by improving the results compared to the application of the methods independently.

scholarly journals DICOM format: definition and practical use in vascular medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean François Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Training ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
The Body ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Vascular Medicine ◽  
Anatomical Structures

The imaging is essential in vascular medicine for diagnosis and treatment. New imaging techniques since the advent of the spiral CT scan, invented by Hounsfield and Mac Cormack in 1972, brought us a revolution in whole medicine. This has been possible thanks to the development of new standards for imaging, particularly DICOM format. The aim of this paper is to explain what is DICOM and how we use it in vascular medicine. DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine standards) is an universal worldwide format used for medical imaging for all vascular investigation techniques: sonography, CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). This format allows 3D reconstruction of the patient's anatomy and gives access to quantification of all anatomical structures of the body, in particular of the vessels. It is achieved with dedicated software called DICOM browsers. These new tools of tridimensional (3D) modeling of the vessels bring us more accurate data of vascular anatomy. They make us enter in an era of new endoscopic and surgical techniques fully based on the image data, and so open the way for simulation, training and augmented reality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document