Low-cost analysis software for optical design

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer G. Schuhmann
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Analysis Software

What’s in, what’s out? Towards a rigorous definition of the boundaries of benefit-cost analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Daniel Acland
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Consumer Sovereignty ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Rigorous Definition ◽  
Pareto Criterion ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstract Benefit-cost analysis (BCA) is typically defined as an implementation of the potential Pareto criterion, which requires inclusion of any impact for which individuals have willingness to pay (WTP). This definition is incompatible with the exclusion of impacts such as rights and distributional concerns, for which individuals do have WTP. I propose a new definition: BCA should include only impacts for which consumer sovereignty should govern. This is because WTP implicitly preserves consumer sovereignty, and is thus only appropriate for ‘sovereignty-warranting’ impacts. I compare the high cost of including non-sovereignty-warranting impacts to the relatively low cost of excluding sovereignty-warranting impacts.

scholarly journals Removal of Toxic Elements and Microbial Contaminants from Groundwater Using Low-Cost Treatment Options

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana A. Da’ana ◽  
Nabil Zouari ◽  
Mohammad Y. Ashfaq ◽  
Mohammed Abu-Dieyeh ◽  
Majeda Khraisheh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Groundwater Treatment ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Microbial Contaminants

Abstract Purpose of Review This paper reviews various low-cost treatment techniques such as adsorption, permeable reactive barrier, and biological techniques for the simultaneous removal of chemical and microbial contaminants from groundwater and discusses treatment mechanisms of different treatment techniques. This paper also discusses the challenges of groundwater treatment, how to choose the appropriate treatment technique, and cost analysis of groundwater treatment. Recent Findings Various treatment technologies have been used for the treatment of groundwater: physical, chemical, and biological technologies with different success rates. In the literature, various adsorbents have been successfully synthesized from low-cost and environmentally friendly materials. Adsorption is considered an efficient treatment technique for the removal of both toxic elements and pathogens by utilizing different adsorbents. For example, the nanostructures of MgO with a BET surface area of up to 171 m2/g obtained a very high adsorption capacity of 29,131 mg/g for fluoride ions in water, while the incorporation of iron in activated carbon has improved its adsorption capacity to 51.3 mg/g for arsenic. Moreover, certain adsorbents have shown the capability to remove 99% of the rotavirus and adenovirus from groundwater. Summary Groundwater resources are contaminated with toxic metals and pathogens. Therefore, water treatment technologies should be evaluated for their efficiency to remove such contaminants. Determination of the most cost-effective and efficient treatment technique is not an easy task and requires the understanding of various aspects such as the contaminants present in water, the reuse options considered, and cost analysis of the treatment technique.

Low-cost Analysis Methods of Automotive Electric Machines for Aviation Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Yost ◽  
Luke Chen ◽  
Zachary Adamson ◽  
Tommy Baudendistel ◽  
William Perdikakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electric Machines ◽  
Analysis Methods

Design of Compact Infrared Zoom Lens System

2012 ◽  
Vol 571 ◽  
pp. 324-327
Author(s):  
A Qi Yan ◽  
Deng Shan Wu ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Jian Zhong Cao ◽  
Jing Jin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focal Plane ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Focal Plane Array ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Zoom Lens ◽  
Lens System ◽  
Compact Design ◽  
Infrared Materials

Infrared zoom lens system with cooled focal plane array (FPA) detector is widely used in military application. Relevant information about optical design can be got easily, but research on infrared zoom lens system with low cost and high image quality for commercial application is less. This paper design a Compact infrared zoom lens system with only four lenses, using an uncooled focal plane array (FPA) with 384×288 pixels with zoom ratio 3:1. Because of large F number and less lenses, transmission of the whole zoom system is greatly improved. NETD and MRTD of infrared system will be satisfying by this compact design. There is no special surface such as diffractive surface, HOE in zoom lens system, and only Ge and Znse infrared materials are chosen which result in lower production cost of infrared zoom lens system for commercial applications.

scholarly journals First observations of the McMurdo–South Pole oblique ionospheric HF channel

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3023-3031
Author(s):  
Alex T. Chartier ◽  
Juha Vierinen ◽  
Geonhwa Jee
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Ionospheric Parameter ◽  
True Positive ◽  
South Pole ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Mcmurdo Station ◽  
Spread F ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Hf Channel

Abstract. We present the first observations from a new low-cost oblique ionosonde located in Antarctica. The transmitter is located at McMurdo Station, Ross Island, and the receiver at Amundsen–Scott Station, South Pole. The system was demonstrated successfully in March 2019, with the experiment yielding over 30 000 ionospheric echoes over a 2-week period. These data indicate the presence of a stable E layer and a sporadic and variable F layer with dramatic spread F of sometimes more than 500 km (in units of virtual height). The most important ionospheric parameter, NmF2, validates well against the Jang Bogo Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric (VIPIR) ionosonde (observing more than 1000 km away). GPS-derived TEC data from the Multi-Instrument Data Analysis Software (MIDAS) algorithm can be considered necessary but insufficient to predict 7.2 MHz propagation between McMurdo and the South Pole, yielding a true positive in 40 % of cases and a true negative in 73 % of cases. The success of this pilot experiment at a total grant cost of USD 116 000 and an equipment cost of ∼ USD 15 000 indicates that a large multi-static network could be built to provide unprecedented observational coverage of the Antarctic ionosphere.

Tork Corporation: Competitive Cost Analysis

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Laseter ◽  
James Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Cost Drivers

This disguised case examines the issue of outsourcing to a low-cost country based on a thorough analysis of competitive cost drivers. The case demonstrates that labor cost is only one potential advantage and that transportation cost and other factors could more than offset labor savings in some product lines.

scholarly journals Ray Tracing Study of Optical Characteristics of the Solar Image in the Receiver for a Thermal Solar Parabolic Dish Collector

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saša R. Pavlovic ◽  
Velimir P. Stefanovic
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Focal Distance ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Parabolic Dish ◽  
Parabolic Dish Concentrator ◽  
Temperature Levels

This study presents the geometric aspects of the focal image for a solar parabolic concentrator (SPC) using the ray tracing technique to establish parameters that allow the designation of the most suitable geometry for coupling the SPC to absorber-receiver. The efficient conversion of solar radiation into heat at these temperature levels requires a use of concentrating solar collectors. In this paper detailed optical design of the solar parabolic dish concentrator is presented. The system has diameter D=3800 mm and focal distance f=2260 mm. The parabolic dish of the solar system consists of 11 curvilinear trapezoidal reflective petals. For the construction of the solar collectors, mild steel-sheet and square pipe were used as the shell support for the reflecting surfaces. This paper presents optical simulations of the parabolic solar concentrator unit using the ray tracing software TracePro. The total flux on the receiver and the distribution of irradiance for absorbing flux on center and periphery receiver are given. The goal of this paper is to present the optical design of a low-tech solar concentrator that can be used as a potentially low cost tool for laboratory scale research on the medium-temperature thermal processes, cooling, industrial processes, polygeneration systems, and so forth.

High-Throughput and Low-Cost Analysis of Trace Volatile Phthalates in Seafood by Online Coupling of Monolithic Capillary Adsorbent with GC-MS

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (16) ◽  
pp. 3287-3292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wimonrut Insuan ◽  
Phatchara Khawmodjod ◽  
Harry J. Whitlow ◽  
Peerapong Soonthondecha ◽  
Fairda Malem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Low Cost

scholarly journals Signal-to-noise optimization and evaluation of a home-made visible diode-array spectrophotometer

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo M. Raimundo, Jr. ◽  
Celio Pasquini
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Noise Optimization ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
Automatic Methods ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Variable Integration

This paper describes a simple low-cost multichannel visible spectrophotometer built with an RL512G EGG-Reticon photodiode array. A symmetric Czerny-Turner optical design was employed; instrument control was via a single-board microcomputer based on the 8085 Intel microprocessor. Spectral intensity data are stored in the single-board's RAM and then transferred to an IBM-AT 3865X compatible microcomputer through a RS-232C interface. This external microcomputer processes the data to recover transmittance, absorbance or relative intensity of the spectra. The signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range were improved by using variable integration times, which increase during the same scan; and by the use of either weighted or unweighted sliding average of consecutive diodes. The instrument is suitable for automatic methods requiring quasi-simultaneous multiwavelength detections, such as multivariative calibration and flow-injection gradient scan techniques.

Hydraulic System Simulation Research of Demolishing Robots Based on Matlab

2013 ◽  
Vol 753-755 ◽  
pp. 2757-2760
Author(s):  
Jing Yan
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Response Characteristic ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Simulation Research ◽  
Modular Modeling ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Set Up

Modular modeling methods based on the reasonable simplifying and supposing of hydraulic system of demolishing robots are proposed in this paper, dynamic mathematical model of each hydraulic element of demolishing robots is set up by the dynamic system analysis software package Simulink of Matlab, response characteristic curve is obtained by the simulation, and analysis of the simulation results is operated in this paper. The experimental results explicate that the hydraulic system is stably, real-time, low-cost, and easy to expand; it can meet the applying requirements of demolishing robots, and it provides the theory basis for the project applying of the hydraulic system of demolishing robots.

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