A novel high-volume separation technology base on acoustophoresis for treatment of produced water in the oil and gas industry

Produced water (PW) is the largest waste stream generated by the oil and gas industry. Traditional treatment of PW burdens the industry with significant expenses and environmental issues. Alternatively, microalgal-based bioremediation of PW is often viewed as an ecologically safe and sustainable platform for treating PW. Moreover, the nutrients in PW could support algal growth. However, significant dilution of PW is often required in algal-based systems due to the presence of complex chemical contaminants. In light of these facts, the current work has investigated the potential of cultivating Galdieria sulphuraria and Chlorella vulgaris in PW using multiple dilutions; 0% PW, 5% PW, 10% PW, 20% PW, 50% PW and 100% PW. While both algal strains can grow in PW, the current results indicated that G. sulphuraria has a higher potential of growth in up to 50% PW (total dissolved solids of up to 55 g L−1) with a growth rate of 0.72 ± 0.05 g L−1 d−1 and can achieve a final biomass density of 4.28 ± 0.16 g L−1 in seven days without the need for additional micronutrients. Additionally, the algae showed the potential of removing 99.6 ± 0.2% nitrogen and 74.2 ± 8.5% phosphorus from the PW.

Download Full-text

Optimization of Silver Nanoparticle Separation Method from Drilling Waste Matrices

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14071950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1950

Author(s):

Monika Gajec ◽

Ewa Kukulska-Zając ◽

Anna Król

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Produced Water ◽

Technological Development ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Drilling Waste ◽

Wastewater Samples

Significant amounts of produced water, spent drilling fluid, and drill cuttings, which differ in composition and characteristics in each drilling operation, are generated in the oil and gas industry. Moreover, the oil and gas industry faces many technological development challenges to guarantee a safe and clean environment and to meet strict environmental standards in the field of processing and disposal of drilling waste. Due to increasing application of nanomaterials in the oil and gas industry, drilling wastes may also contain nanometer-scale materials. It is therefore necessary to characterize drilling waste in terms of nanomaterial content and to optimize effective methods for their determination, including a key separation step. The purpose of this study is to select the appropriate method of separation and pre-concentration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from drilling wastewater samples and to determine their size distribution along with the state of aggregation using single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS). Two AgNP separation methods were compared: centrifugation and cloud point extraction. The first known use of spICP-MS for drilling waste matrices following mentioned separation methods is presented.

Download Full-text

Produced water treatment and reuse in oil and gas industry- Mathematical modelling and optimisation for infrastructure utilisation

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-16235 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Afrah AlEdan ◽

Tohid Erfani

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modelling ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Produced Water ◽

Water Quality Management ◽

Transportation Cost ◽

Economic Cost ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Clear Vision

<p>Currently, oil and gas industry dispose the produced water under the ground without treatment and with minimal consideration on the beneficial reuse applications. Yet, in recent years and in response to the worldwide water shortage concerns, produced water management and treatment has gained more attention and interest. Managing produced water is subject to different limitations specially if it is done for offsite applications. This includes the consideration of transportation cost and removal of dispersed and dissolved oil, metals, ammonia, salinity, alkalinity and ion toxicity for human and agricultural use which can result in a greater economic cost in terms of chemical usage and desalination operations. The importance of properly managing produced water is mainly rely on the clear vision of the treating method used which must be defined based on regulatory parameters and reuse standards. This study investigates mathematical modelling and optimisation to include the reuse specification into the produced water quality management and discusses its implication.</p>

Download Full-text

Response of tomato plants to diesel fuel, gasoline and benzene

REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA ◽

10.28940/terra.v37i4.543 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 425

Author(s):

Alvaro Morelos-Moreno ◽

José Fernando Martel-Valles ◽

América Berenice Morales-Díaz ◽

Rahim Foroughbakhch-Pournavab ◽

Isidro Morales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exposure Time ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Produced Water ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Mineral Concentration ◽

Mineral Salts ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Fruit Setting ◽

Morphological Variables

Oil and gas industry produces wastewater (produced water), which contains hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and other components, such as mineral salts essential for plant nutrition. Hydrocarbons presence on produced water limits its potential use in the agriculture, as its lead to inhibition of plant growth. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of hydrocarbons analogous contained in the produced water on 1) pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of irrigation leachate, 2) plant´s morphological variables, 3) mineral concentration, 4) fruit pH, EC and total dissolved solids (TDS), during flowering and fruiting stages in tomato grown into greenhouse conditions. As source of produced water were used diesel at concentrations of 20 and 25 mg L‑1, gasoline at 40, 50 and 60 mg L-1, and benzene at 75 mg L-1, applied in the substrate by means of a syringe. All plants treated with hydrocarbons reached the fruit setting and ripening stage at the 6-cluster. Depending on their type, concentration, and exposure time, hydrocarbons modif ied the pH and EC of the irrigation leachate, caused signif icant morphological changes with longer exposure time, and restricted the biomass production. Mineral concentration differed signif icantly among plant organs, affecting mainly the sodium uptake in stems and fruits. The variables of fruit quality, EC and TDS were favorably modif ied by most treatments.

Download Full-text

Characterization and Treatment Technologies Applied for Produced Water in Qatar

Water ◽

10.3390/w13243573 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 3573

Author(s):

Hana D. Dawoud ◽

Haleema Saleem ◽

Nasser Abdullah Alnuaimi ◽

Syed Javaid Zaidi

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Produced Water ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Treatment Techniques ◽

Treatment Technologies ◽

Oil Gas

Qatar is one of the major natural gas (NG) producing countries, which has the world’s third-largest NG reserves besides the largest supplier of liquefied natural gas (LNG). Since the produced water (PW) generated in the oil and gas industry is considered as the largest waste stream, cost-effective PW management becomes fundamentally essential. The oil/gas industries in Qatar produce large amounts of PW daily, hence the key challenges facing these industries reducing the volume of PW injected in disposal wells by a level of 50% for ensuring the long-term sustainability of the reservoir. Moreover, it is important to study the characteristics of PW to determine the appropriate method to treat it and then use it for various applications such as irrigation, or dispose of it without harming the environment. This review paper targets to highlight the generation of PW in Qatar, as well as discuss the characteristics of chemical, physical, and biological treatment techniques in detail. These processes and methods discussed are not only applied by Qatari companies, but also by other companies associated or in collaboration with those in Qatar. Finally, case studies from different companies in Qatar and the challenges of treating the PW are discussed. From the different studies analyzed, various techniques as well as sequencing of different techniques were noted to be employed for the effective treatment of PW.

Download Full-text

Produced Water: An overview of treatment technologies

International Journal for Innovation Education and Research ◽

10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss4.2283 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 207-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andressa Simões ◽

Roberto Macêdo-Júnior ◽

Brenda Santos ◽

Lucas Silva ◽

Daniel Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil And Gas ◽

Produced Water ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Waste Streams ◽

Bibliometric Method ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Complex Chemical Composition ◽

Treatment Technologies ◽

Number Of Publications

Produced water is one of the single most significant waste streams in the oil and gas industry, and because it is a residue of complex chemical composition, it can't be simply discarded in the environment, it should receive appropriate treatments before. This paper presents a mapping of the quantitative evolution, referring to the leading publications on the study of water produced with a focus on treatments. A bibliometric method was then adopted to build a structured database with the selected articles and then analyzed the number of publications, countries, areas of impact, authors, keywords, periodicals, and affiliations. The thematic has proved to be an essential line of research over the years. The analysis was considered in the period between 1969 and 2017. Several indicators were observed regarding the development of academic and technological research on water produced as well as its treatment processes. The study was performed in the Scopus database search engine to gather data, and 2434 documents were identified, with 851 articles investigated more specifically. This paper highlights the need for constant future studies about the produced water to minimize not only pollution but also reduce operating costs.

Download Full-text

Novel Bionanocompounds: Outer Membrane Protein A and Laccase Co-Immobilized on Magnetite Nanoparticles for Produced Water Treatment

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10112278 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2278

Author(s):

Nathaly Rangel-Muñoz ◽

Andres Fernando González-Barrios ◽

Diego Pradilla ◽

Johann F. Osma ◽

Juan C. Cruz

Keyword(s):

Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Produced Water ◽

Protein A ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Efficient Treatment ◽

Simultaneous Separation ◽

Heavy Crude

The oil and gas industry generates large amounts of oil-derived effluents such as Heavy Crude Oil (HCO) in water (W) emulsions, which pose a significant remediation and recovery challenge due to their high stability and the presence of environmentally concerning compounds. Nanomaterials emerge as a suitable alternative for the recovery of such effluents, as they can separate them under mild conditions. Additionally, different biomolecules with bioremediation and interfacial capabilities have been explored to functionalize such nanomaterials to improve their performance even further. Here, we put forward the notion of combining these technologies for the simultaneous separation and treatment of O/W effluent emulsions by a novel co-immobilization approach where both OmpA (a biosurfactant) and Laccase (a remediation enzyme) were effectively immobilized on polyether amine (PEA)-modified magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs). The obtained bionanocompounds (i.e., MNP-PEA-OmpA, MNP-PEA-Laccase, and MNP-PEA-OmpA-Laccase) were successfully characterized via DLS, XRD, TEM, TGA, and FTIR. The demulsification of O/W emulsions was achieved by MNP-PEA-OmpA and MNP-PEA-OmpA-Laccase at 5000 ppm. This effect was further improved by applying an external magnetic field to approach HCO removal efficiencies of 81% and 88%, respectively. The degradation efficiencies with these two bionanocompounds reached levels of between 5% and 50% for the present compounds. Taken together, our results indicate that the developed nanoplatform holds significant promise for the efficient treatment of emulsified effluents from the oil and gas industry.

Download Full-text

Future Challenges Due to the Increase Produced Water in Upstream of Oil and Gas Industry

10.2118/167293-ms ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Saleh Mohammed Al-Jabri ◽

Mohammed Al-Otaibi ◽

Sadoun Al-Khaledi

Keyword(s):

Oil And Gas ◽

Produced Water ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Future Challenges

Download Full-text

Automated Filament Winding Systems

Composite Filament Winding ◽

10.31399/asm.tb.cfw.t52860007 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 7-18

Author(s):

John E. Green

Keyword(s):

Oil And Gas ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

High Volume ◽

Filament Winding ◽

Gas Industry ◽

High Volume Production ◽

Volume Production ◽

Sporting Goods ◽

Automated Processes ◽

Complex Parts

Abstract This chapter reviews the development of filament winding systems and the automated processes used in state-of-the-art filament winding facilities. It first provides a description on the early stages of modern filament winding, followed by brief information on the advances of filament winding in the computer age. Then, the chapter discusses the requirements for filament winding in manufacturing oil and gas industry components and in high-volume production of sporting goods, propane tanks, and curing ovens. The chapter concludes with examples of the versatility of filament winding in producing complex parts.

Download Full-text