The Arch-Height-Index Measurement System: A New Method of Foot Classification

Background: Foot anthropometry may be altered during pregnancy. Pregnant women often report lower-extremity pain that may be related to these alterations. The Arch Height Index Measurement System is a common method of foot arch assessment; however, the required calipers are costly and are not widely available. Thus, we compared the reliability of a digital photogrammetry method of arch height index (AHI) assessment with that of the Arch Height Index Measurement System. Methods: Ten pregnant women (mean ± SD: age, 29 ± 4 years; height, 166.9 ± 6.8 cm; weight, 63.3 ± 8.8 kg) in their second trimester were recruited to participate, along with a control group of 10 nulliparous weight-matched women (mean ± SD: age, 22 ± 2 years; height, 164.6 ± 4.8 cm; weight, 61.5 ± 8.1 kg). During the second and third trimesters, and once postpartum, AHI was assessed using calipers and using digital photogrammetry. Mixed model absolute agreement type intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine correlation between the two methods for sitting and standing AHI. Results: The ICC results for sitting AHI only (0.819–0.968) were reasonable for clinical measures; ICC values for standing AHI (0.674–0.789) did not reach values deemed reasonable for clinical use. Conclusions: Caliper and digital photogrammetry methods of AHI assessment are correlated in pregnant women; however, for standing AHI, the correlation is not sufficient for clinical use. Photogrammetry may still be appropriate for clinical use, as long as values from this method are not substituted directly for results obtained from calipers.

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Arch Height Index Measurement System

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/0980102 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 102-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Robert J. Butler ◽

Howard Hillstrom ◽

Jinsup Song ◽

Christine J. Richards ◽

Irene S. Davis

Keyword(s):

Measurement System ◽

Interrater Reliability ◽

Measurement Procedure ◽

Normative Values ◽

Structural Factors ◽

Arch Height ◽

Lower Extremity Injuries ◽

Index Measurement ◽

Recreational Runners ◽

Extremity Injuries

Background: The purposes of this study were 1) to determine the intrarater and interrater reliability of the arch height index measurement system device, 2) to establish population normative values for the arch height index in recreational runners, and 3) to compare arch height index values between the right and left feet and between genders. Methods: Eleven subjects were used to establish intrarater and interrater reliability of the arch height index measurement system. This system was then used to measure the arch height index of 100 recreational runners. Results: Measurements taken with the arch height index measurement system device exhibited high intrarater and interrater reliability. The mean ± SD arch height index of the recreational runners was 0.340 ± 0.030. Men had larger feet than women, but the arch height index between genders was similar. Conclusions: The arch height index measurement system device is reliable to use between testers while simplifying the measurement procedure for recording the arch height index. The arch height index may be helpful in identifying potential structural factors that predispose individuals to lower-extremity injuries. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 98(2): 102–106, 2008)

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Arch Height Index Normative Values of College-Aged Women Using the Arch Height Index Measurement System

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/1030213 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 103 (3) ◽

pp. 213-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wendi H. Weimar ◽

Justin F. Shroyer

Keyword(s):

Measurement System ◽

Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Standing Position ◽

Normative Values ◽

Arch Height ◽

First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽

Index Measurement ◽

Foot Arch ◽

Left And Right ◽

The Mean

Background: The arch height index measurement system (AHIMS) device has been found to be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the arch height index (AHI) of the feet of individuals; however, normative data for the AHI are lacking for various populations. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to establish population normative AHI values for college-aged females and to compare the observed AHI data across right and left feet. Methods: Seventy-nine college-aged females served as study participants, and both feet were measured using the AHIMS in the seated and standing positions. The AHI was calculated as the ratio of the dorsum height of the foot at half the total foot length to the length of the foot from the heel to the base of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Results: The mean ± SD AHI values for the left and right feet in the seated position were 0.355 ± 0.031 and 0.369 ± 0.034, respectively. The mean ± SD AHI values for the left and right feet in the standing position were 0.338 ± 0.031 and 0.343 ± 0.033, respectively. There were significant differences observed between the left and right feet for the seated (P < .001) and standing (P = .003) positions. Conclusions: Normative values were established for college-aged females for the AHI using the AHIMS. Differences were noted between the right and left feet of the participants sampled. Although normative values were obtained, we caution against using these values to classify foot arch types based solely on a sample of the population studied. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 103(3): 213–217, 2013)

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Arch Height Index, Arch Rigidity Index and Arch Stiffness Values in a Symptomatic Population

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/19-154 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Megan Balsdon ◽

Michaela E Khan ◽

Dillon Richards ◽

Colin E Dombroski

Keyword(s):

Hallux Valgus ◽

Measurement System ◽

Plantar Fasciitis ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Arch Height ◽

Normative Sample ◽

Weak Relationship ◽

Index Measurement ◽

Arch Structure ◽

Rigidity Index

BACKGROUND: Normative studies on the Arch Height Index (AHI), Arch Rigidity Index (ARI), and arch stiffness have primarily focused on healthy populations, with little consideration of pathology. The purpose of this study was to create a normative sample of the aforementioned measurements in a pathological sample and to identify relationships between arch structure measurements and pathology. METHODS: AHI was obtained bilaterally at 10% and 90% weightbearing conditions using the Arch Height Index Measurement System (AHIMS). ARI and arch stiffness were calculated using AHI measurements. Dependent t-tests compared right and left, dominant and non-dominant, and injured and non-injured limbs. Measurements of the dominant foot were compared between sexes using independent t-tests. Relationships between arch stiffness and age, sex, and AHI were examined using the coefficient of determination (R2). One-way ANOVAs were used to determine differences between arch structure measurements and number of pathologies or BMI. RESULTS: A total of 110 participants reported either one (n=55), two (n=38), or three or more (n=17) pathologies. Plantar fasciitis (n=31) and hallux valgus (n=28) were the most commonly reported primary concerns. AHI, ARI, and arch stiffness did not differ between limbs for any comparisons, nor between sexes. Between subgroups of BMI and number of pathologies, no differences exist in AHI or ARI; however, BMI was found to have an impact on AHI (10%WB) and arch stiffness (p<.05). Arch stiffness showed a weak relationship to AHI, where a higher AHI was associated with a stiffer arch (R2=0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Normative AHI, ARI and arch stiffness values were established in a pathological sample with a large incidence of plantar fasciitis and hallux valgus. Findings suggest relationships between arch stiffness and both BMI and arch height; however, few trends were noted in AHI and ARI. Determining relationships between arch structure and pathology is helpful for both clinicians and researchers.

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Antifibrinolytic Action of the Anticoagulant Split Product of Fibrinogen

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1651231 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 19 (03/04) ◽

pp. 526-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. B Nanninga ◽

M. M Guest

Keyword(s):

Experimental System ◽

New Method ◽

System A ◽

Fibrinogenolytic Activity

SummaryThe purified anticoagulant split product of fibrinogen has antifibrinolytic and anti-fibrinogenolytic activity. This was investigated by lysis times of fibrin and by the rate of disappearance of fibrinogen in plasma and in a purified system. A new method was used to measure fibrinogenolytic activity. In the experimental system which we have used no indication of additional breakdown of the anticoagulant split product in the presence of fibrinolysin was obtained.

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The in situ Langendorff perfusion system: A new method for viral mediated gene transfer to porcine hearts prior transplantation

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon ◽

10.1055/s-2008-1037868 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (S 1) ◽

Author(s):

L Burdorf ◽

N Schuhmann ◽

A Schulz ◽

M Köhn ◽

E Thein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Transfer ◽

New Method ◽

Perfusion System ◽

System A ◽

Langendorff Perfusion

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UGR CALCULATION BASED ON THE LUMINANCE SPATIAL-ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION

Automation and modeling in design and management of ◽

10.30987/2658-6436-2020-4-25-32 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (4) ◽

pp. 25-32

Author(s):

Viktor Zheltov ◽

Viktor Chembaev

Keyword(s):

Monte Carlo ◽

Angular Distribution ◽

Monte Carlo Method ◽

Visual Task ◽

New Method ◽

Lighting System ◽

Preliminary Assessment ◽

System A ◽

The Monte Carlo Method

The article has considered the calculation of the unified glare rating (UGR) based on the luminance spatial-angular distribution (LSAD). The method of local estimations of the Monte Carlo method is proposed as a method for modeling LSAD. On the basis of LSAD, it becomes possible to evaluate the quality of lighting by many criteria, including the generally accepted UGR. UGR allows preliminary assessment of the level of comfort for performing a visual task in a lighting system. A new method of "pixel-by-pixel" calculation of UGR based on LSAD is proposed.

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Development of a refractive index measurement system for vacuum pressure measurement

Journal of the Korean Physical Society ◽

10.1007/s40042-020-00012-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 124-129

Author(s):

Han Wook Song ◽

Jong Ho Kim ◽

Sam Yong Woo

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Measurement System ◽

Pressure Measurement ◽

Vacuum Pressure ◽

Refractive Index Measurement ◽

Index Measurement

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The Simulation of Vision Measurement System for Cannon Barrel Pose

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1337 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 588-589 ◽

pp. 1337-1340

Author(s):

Y.X. Zhu ◽

X.S. Duan

Keyword(s):

Computer Simulation ◽

Measurement System ◽

Simulation Experiment ◽

New Method ◽

Simulation Platform ◽

Motion Model ◽

Vision Measurement ◽

Imaging Model

For the pose measurement of cannon barrel, a vision method through checked plane had been proposed. To test and improve the precision of this new method without considering the hardware error and some other inextricable objective factors，derive the imaging model of the marker (checked plane) from motion model of cannon barrel and the position relative to it using variable-controlling method. Establish the computer simulation platform of vision measurement system for cannon barrel pose based on C++ Builder. The simulation experiment validate the veracity and dependability of this method.

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