The Influence of 8 Weeks of Whey-Protein and Leucine Supplementation on Physical and Cognitive Performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Walker ◽  
Jessica Smith ◽  
Monica Herrera ◽  
Breck Lebegue ◽  
Andrea Pinchak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Leucine Supplementation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Air Force Fitness

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of whey-protein and leucine supplementation to enhance physical and cognitive performance and body composition. Thirty moderately fit participants completed a modified Air Force fitness test, a computer-based cognition test, and a dual-energy X-ray-absorptiometry scan for body composition before and after supplementing their daily diet for 8 wk with either 19.7 g of whey protein and 6.2 g leucine (WPL) or a calorie-equivalent placebo (P). Bench-press performance increased significantly from Week 1 to Week 8 in the WPL group, whereas the increase in the P group was not significant. Push-up performance increased significantly for WPL, and P showed a nonsignificant increase. Total mass, fat-free mass, and lean body mass all increased significantly in the WPL group but showed no change in the P group. No differences were observed within or between groups for crunches, chin-ups, 3-mile-run time, or cognition. The authors conclude that supplementing with whey protein and leucine may provide an advantage to people whose performance benefits from increased upper body strength and/or lean body mass.

Comparison of the Effect of Soy protein and Whey protein on Body Composition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Masoome Piri Damaghi ◽  
Atieh Mirzababaei ◽  
Sajjad Moradi ◽  
Elnaz Daneshzad ◽  
Atefeh Tavakoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

Abstract Background: Essential amino acids (EAAs) promote the process of regulating muscle synthesis. Thus, whey protein that contains higher amounts of EAA can have a considerable effect on modifying muscle synthesis. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of soy and whey protein supplementation on body composition. Thus, we sought to perform a meta-analysis of published Randomized Clinical Trials that examined the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition (lean body mass, fat mass, body mass and body fat percentage) in adults. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, up to August 2020, for all relevant published articles assessing soy protein supplementation and whey protein supplementation on body composition parameters. We included all Randomized Clinical Trials that investigated the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition in adults. Pooled means and standard deviations (SD) were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis was applied to discern possible sources of heterogeneity. Results: After excluding non-relevant articles, 10 studies, with 596 participants, remained in this study. We found a significant increase in lean body mass after whey protein supplementation weighted mean difference (WMD: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.15, 1.67. P= 0.019). Subgroup analysis, for whey protein, indicated that there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals concomitant to exercise (WMD: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.47, 2.00; P= 0.001). There was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who received 12 or less weeks of whey protein (WMD: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.63; P<0.0001). We observed no significant change between whey protein supplementation and body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. We found no significant change between soy protein supplementation and lean body mass, body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. Subgroup analysis for soy protein indicated there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who supplemented for 12 or less weeks with soy protein (WMD: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.89; P< 0.0001). Conclusion: Whey protein supplementation significantly improved body composition via increases in lean body mass, without influencing fat mass, body mass, and body fat percentage.

scholarly journals Seasonal Body Composition Variation Amongst Elite European Professional Soccer Players: An Approach of Talent Identification

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Lee Owen ◽  
Carlos Lago-Peñas ◽  
Gordon Dunlop ◽  
Rouissi Mehdi ◽  
Moktar Chtara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Composition Profiles

AbstractThe primary aim of the investigation was to study the seasonal changes in body composition in elite European soccer players and identify key playing positional differences. Twenty-two players (age = 24 ± 3.7 years, body height = 180.45 ± 5.12 cm, body mass = 76.66 ± 5.34 kg) were tested. Players’ mass (kg), lean body mass (LBM), fat free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), muscle girths (MG) and sum of 8 skinfolds (mm) were measured across 5 time points (T0 = Start of pre-season training; T1 = End of pre-season training; T2 = Mid-season; T3 = End of mid-season break; T4 = End of season). Players were divided into their tactical positional roles for analysis. The specific positions they were divided into included defenders (n = 8), midfielders (n = 8) and forwards (n = 6). Assessment of training and matchplay exposure were also recorded. Sites-4, Sites-7, Sites-8 and Fat Mass decreased dramatically from T0 to T1 and T2 in all playing positions (p < 0.01), while no remarkable differences were found between T2, T3 and T4. Except for defenders, calf girth and lean mass were higher in T2, T3 and T4 compared to T0 and T1 (p < 0.01). Midfielders were found to be leaner than forwards and defenders in all data collection time point sessions. Defenders showed higher values in calf girth and lean body mass than midfielders and forwards. It can be concluded from this investigation that there are large variances n positional body composition profiles amongst professional European soccer players. Furthermore, significant changes are prevalent and occur across the season from LBM, FFM, MG and skinfold assessment amongst European elite level soccer players.

scholarly journals Functional Mobility and Basic Motor Skills in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Its Relation to the Anthropometrical Status and Body Composition Parameters

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Matusik ◽  
Aldona Augustak ◽  
Jacek Durmala
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Before And After

Background and objectives: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have many potential risk factors (spasticity, immobilization, glucocorticoids use) which can deteriorate the anthropometrical status and body composition and may have a potential negative impact on functional mobility and basic motor skill improvement after physiotherapy. The aim of the study was to assess the functional mobility and basic motor skills in patients with MS and to correlate them with disability and anthropometrical status and body composition parameters. Materials and Methods: Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUG) and six-min walk test (6MWT) were performed in 36 patients with MS before and after 4 weeks of physiotherapy. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (W/HtR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed in this group. Body composition was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and fat mass (FAT), fat free mass (FFM), total body water (TBW), and predicted muscle mass (PMM) were expressed as percentage of body mass. Clinical status was assessed by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Ambulatory Index (AI) scales. Results: After physiotherapy, there was a significant improvement in functional mobility and basic motor skills assessed by total distance in 6MWT (p < 0.001) and in TUG trials (p < 0.001). Positive significant correlations were found between the results obtained in both tests (either before and after physiotherapy) vs. FFM, TBW, and PMM, whilst worse results in functional mobility and basic motor skills correlated significantly with higher WHtR, WHR, and FAT (p < 0.05). Clinical status (EDSS) was significantly related to the WHtR and body composition parameters with the same manner as the results in the either 6MWT and TUG. However, there were no significant relationships between BMI vs. either clinical status (EDSS, AI) or functional mobility tests results in patients with MS. Conclusions: Functional mobility and basic motor skills may be significantly improved during physiotherapy, but they are related to the anthropometrical status and body composition of MS patients. Moreover, disability status is also significantly related to these parameters. Body composition deterioration seems to be the important target for the therapeutic intervention in MS patients. For proper nutritional status assessment in patients with MS, body composition analysis or WHtR instead BMI should to be used.

scholarly journals Continuous energy restriction (CER) plus 16/8 time-restricted feeding improve body composition and metabolic parameters in overweight and obese, but no more than CER alone

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Daiani Evangelista Ribeiro ◽  
Andrezza Fernanda Santiago ◽  
Wilson Cesar de Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Continuous Energy ◽  
Before And After

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend continuous energy restriction (CER) and lifestyle change as the basis of obesity treatment. Recently, several intermittent fasting protocols have received considerable interest as an alternative weight loss strategy. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effects of 8-week CER versus CER along with 16/8 time-restricted feeding (16/8 TRF) on body composition and metabolic markers in excess weight physically active subjects. METHODS: Twenty-four physically active obese or overweight adults, from both genders, were split into two groups: CER plus 16/8 TRF (CER + TRF) and CER. Both groups consumed a 20%energy restriction diet. CER plus 16/8 TRF were asked to consume their meals during an 8-hour open window (12 to 20 pm). We evaluated body composition and metabolic biomarkers before and after the intervention. RESULTS: We observed a reduction in body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and fat mass (FM) in both groups. However, a decrease in fat-free mass (FFM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was seen only in the CER. Although fasting glucose did not change, we observed a decrease in fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in both groups. Leptin decrease in both treatments. Cortisol levels increased only in the CER group. CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude that CER + TRF is as effective as CER to promote weight and fat loss, but, CER + TRF seems to be more efficient in maintaining lean body mass.

Effect Of Resistance Training In Children Who Are Overweight Or Obese – Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Strašilová ◽  
Petr Vajda ◽  
Tomáš Hlinský
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Before And After

Overweight and obese children often suffer for many physiological and psychological is-sues. Resistance training allows them to excel over their peers due to strength ability which is related to their somatotype. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of an eight-week resistance training program on body composition in overweight and obese children. Study sample included 8 boys and 4 girls (age = 11.7 ± 1.54) who were involved in an eight-week strength specifically designed program consisted of two strength training unit per week. Resistance of exercise was set on 8‒10 RM. Body composition were measured by InBody 720 two times before and after the training intervention. The Wilcoxon matched pairs test was used. Results showed increase in total body weight (2.7%), lean body mass (2.5%) and fat mass (3.7%). This effect indicates that used resistance training program is suficient to lean body mass grow. Nevertheless, program proved to be inadequate to avoid an increase in fat mass. This could be caused by many factors which should be consider in further research (e.g. longer technique practice, diet, number of training units).

Changes in Strength, Mobility, and Body Composition Following Self-Selected Exercise in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ashley A. Herda ◽  
Brianna D. McKay ◽  
Trent J. Herda ◽  
Pablo B. Costa ◽  
Jeffrey R. Stout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Additional Protein ◽  
Mean Differences

The purpose of this trial was to examine the effects of self-selected exercise intensities plus either whey protein or placebo supplementation on vital signs, body composition, bone mineral density, muscle strength, and mobility in older adults. A total of 101 participants aged 55 years and older (males [n = 34] and females [n = 67]) were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of self-selected, free-weight resistance exercise plus 30 min of self-paced walking three times per week. The participants were randomized into two groups: whey protein (n = 46) or placebo (n = 55). Three-way mixed factorial analyses of variance were used to test for mean differences for each variable. The 12 weeks of self-selected, self-paced exercise intensities improved resting heart rate, fat-free mass, percent body fat, handgrip strength, bench press strength, leg press strength, and all mobility measurements (p < .05) in males and females despite supplementation status. This suggests that additional protein in well-fed healthy older adults does not enhance the benefit of exercise.

scholarly journals Air Displacement Plethysmography and Resistance Exercise

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Grossman ◽  
Ronald Deitrick
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Before And After

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of resistance exercise (RE) on body composition using air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) within 2 hours of completing RE. Methods: Thirteen university students (9 males and 4 females; 18.8±0.5 yrs; mean ± SD) volunteered for this study. The RE program (55.4±8.7 min) consisted of a combination of upper- and lower-body extremity exercises and abdominal exercises for a total of nine different exercises. Relative body fat (BF) was assessed (1.76+0.4 hr) using ADP before and after the RE along with skinfold (SF) measures, body mass (BM) and respiratory quotient. Results: Statistically significant reductions in pre-post RE relative BF measurements (p=0.036) were observed using ADP along with statistically significant reductions in body volume (BV) (p=0.005), body mass (BM) (p=0.038) and fat mass (FM) (p=0.020). The mean intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for these variables was 0.99. No significant pre-post differences in fat-free mass (FFM), body mass index (BMI) or skinfold (SF) values were reported. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential adverse effects of assessing relative BF within 2 hours after RE. Significant differences in pre-post relative BF were supported by significant reductions in BV, BM, and FM. The results of this study support the manufacturer guidelines using ADP and RE restriction prior to body composition assessment.

Seated Shot Put as a Measure of Upper Body Power in Adolescent Wrestlers

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry L. Mayhew ◽  
Michael G. Bemben ◽  
Donna M. Rohrs
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Upper Body Power ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shot Put

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among the seated shot put (SSP), bench press power (BPP), and body composition in adolescent wrestlers. Seventy-five wrestlers from three high schools were tested during their preseason training. Upper body power was tested with a plate-loaded bench press machine equipped with infrared sensors attached to a digital timer. Each subject was given three trials with a constant 24.5-kg load (CLP) and with a variable load equal to 60% of body mass (VLP). Skinfolds were used to estimate body composition. The SSP was significantly related to both CLP and VLP as well as to body mass, lean body mass (LBM), and % fat. Removing the effect of body mass reduced the relationship between SSP and both CLP and VLP. Removing the effect of LBM had a slightly greater effect on the relationships between SSP and both CLP and VLP, although the correlations remained significant. Therefore it appears that the SSP is only moderately related to upper body power in adolescent wrestlers and may be greatly influenced by size and muscularity.

scholarly journals Functional Mobility and Basic Motor Skills in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and its Relation to the Anthropometrical Status and Body Composition Parameters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Matusik ◽  
Aldona Augustak ◽  
Jacek Durmala
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Before And After

Background and objectives: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have many potential factors (spasticity, immobilization, glucocorticoids use) which can deteriorate the anthropometrical status and body composition and may have the potential impact on the functional mobility and basic motor skills improvement after physiotherapy. The aim of the study was to assess the functional mobility and basic motor skills in patients with MS and to correlate them with disability and anthropometrical status and body composition parameters. Materials and Methods: Timed Up-and-Go test (TUG), and six-minute walk test (6MWT) were performed in 36 patients with MS before and after 4 weeks of physiotherapy. Body mass index (BMI), waist to height ratio (W/HtR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed in this group. Body composition was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and fat mass (FAT), fat free mass (FFM), total body water (TBW) and predicted muscle mass (PMM) were expressed as percentage of body mass. Clinical status was assessed by EDSS and AI scales. Results: After physiotherapy, there was a significant improvement in functional mobility and basic motor skills assessed by total distance in 6MWT (p&lt;0.001) and in TUG trials (p&lt;0.001). Positive significant correlations were found between the results obtained in both tests (either before and after physiotherapy) vs. FFM, TBW and PMM, whilst worse results in functional mobility and basic motor skills correlated significantly with higher WHtR, WHR and FAT (p&lt;0.05). Clinical status (EDSS) were significantly related to the WHtR and body composition parameters with the same manner as the results in the either 6MWT and TUG. However, there were no significant relationships between BMI vs. either clinical status (EDSS, AI) and functional mobility tests results in patients with MS. Conclusions: Functional mobility and basic motor skills may be significantly improved during the physiotherapy, but they are related to the anthropometrical status and body composition of MS patients. Moreover, disability status is also significantly related to this parameters. Body composition deterioration seems to be the important target for the therapeutic intervention in MS patients. For proper nutritional status assessment in patients with MS, body composition analysis or WHtR instead BMI should to be used.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document