Widespread Supplement Intake and Use of Poor Quality Information in Elite Adolescent Swiss Athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Samuel Mettler ◽  
Georgette Lehner ◽  
Gareth Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Supplement Intake

Compared with adult athletes, rather little is known about supplementation behavior in adolescent athletes. This study’s aim was to determine elite adolescent athletes’ supplement use and sources of information relating thereto. A total of 430 (87%) of 496 questioned athletes returned the anonymized questionnaire. Thereof, 84% consumed at least one weekly supplement and 97% indicated some supplement intake during the previous 4 weeks. On average, 13.3 supplement servings were consumed per week. The 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile was 4.5, 10.5, and 20.0 servings per week, with a maximum of 67. The most prevalent supplements in use were multimineral products (41% of all athletes), multivitamins (34%), Vitamin C (34%), and Vitamin D (33%). Male athletes consumed significantly more Vitamin C and D, sports drinks, protein powder, and recovery products compared with female athletes; whereas, women consumed more iron supplements. The three most important motives for supplement use were recovery support (40%), health maintenance (39%), and performance enhancement (30%). The most frequent answers to the question “who recommended that you use supplements” were family/friends (36%), a physician (27%), and a trainer/coach (25%). The main three information sources about the supplements in use were the persons who recommended the supplementation (56%), the internet (25%), and information provided by supplement suppliers (11%). A positive doping attitude was associated with the consumption of performance enhancing supplements (p = .017). In conclusion, this study among elite adolescent Swiss athletes indicates a widespread and large-scale use of dietary supplements, which was associated with a low level of information quality.

scholarly journals Research on Dietary Supplement Use by Japanese High School Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 650-650
Author(s):  
Fumi Hoshino ◽  
Arisa Kojima ◽  
Ayaka Yano ◽  
Haruna Yamamoto ◽  
Saya Natsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
School Students ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Niigata Prefecture

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the availability of information on dietary supplements as well as their use among high school students in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. It also aimed to clarify the relationship between dietary awareness and the use of dietary supplements. Methods The survey was conducted online using Google Forms and asked about sex, age, height, weight, experience with supplements (current use, past use, or never used any use), types of supplements used, sources of information about supplements, and eating habits. The survey was conducted in high schools in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, in September 2020. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Niigata University of Health and Welfare. Statistical analysis was conducted using R version 4.0.2 (2020–06-22), and comparisons between the two groups were made using the t test or χ² test with a significance level of 5%. Results A total of 317 subjects were analyzed, including 151 (47.6%) boys and 166 (52.4%) girls. Thirty-seven boys and 21 girls currently used supplements, while 32 boys and 29 girls used supplements in the past. The percentage of boys using supplements (currently or in the past) was 45.6%, which was significantly higher than that of girls (30.1%) (P = 0.004). The most commonly used supplements for boys were protein (57), vitamin C (22), and amino acids (19) and for girls were vitamin C (29), iron (15), and protein (13). The most common reason among boys for using supplements was “for muscle building” (n = 41, 59.4%) and among girls was “for diet and beauty” (n = 26, 52.0%). The most common source of information about supplements was the family, followed by the internet and social media. Girls who used supplements were clearly highly conscious about eating (P = 0.048). Conclusions Among Japanese high school students, boys had more experience using dietary supplements than girls. Female students who used supplements were more conscious, rather than neglectful, of their diet. Funding Sources Individual research expenses at Niigata University of Health and Welfare.

Nutritional Supplement Use among College Athletes and Their Sources of Information

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Froiland ◽  
Wanda Koszewski ◽  
Joshua Hingst ◽  
Lisa Kopecky
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Division I ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Sports Drinks ◽  
Varsity Athletes ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Reasons For Use

A survey was conducted to examine the source of information and usage of nutritional supplements in 115 male and 88 female varsity athletes at a Division I university. The survey asked each athlete to define supplement, and report supplement use and type, source of information, and reasons for use. Supplement use frequencies were determined, and comparisons were made between gender and sport. Eighty-nine percent of the subjects had or were currently using nutritional supplements. Many athletes did not consider sports drinks and calorie replacement products as supplements. Females were more likely to take calcium and multivitamins, and males had significant intake for ginseng, amino acids, glutamine, hydroxy-methyl-buterate (HMB), weight gainers, whey protein, and Juven. The most frequently used supplements overall were energy drinks (73%), calorie replacement products of all types (61.4%), multivitamin (47.3%), creatine (37.2%), and vitamin C (32.4%). There was also significant supplement use noted per sport. Females were more likely to obtain information from family members regarding supplementation, and males from a store nutritionist, fellow athletes, friends, or a coach. Female athletes were more likely to take supplements for their health or because of an inadequate diet, while men reported taking supplements to improve speed and agility, strength and power, or for weight/muscle gain.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Supplement Intake with a Concomitant Low Information Quality among Swiss Fitness Center Users

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2595
Author(s):  
Samuel Mettler ◽  
Joëlle Vera Bosshard ◽  
Dino Häring ◽  
Gareth Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Information Quality ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Fitness Center ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Supplement Intake

Background: The aim of this study was to screen the prevalence of supplement use in Swiss fitness center users and what information sources they consulted. Methods: Customers of 10 fitness centers were screened with a quantitative questionnaire. Results: Eighty two percent of the 417 fitness center users consumed at least one supplement per week. Supplement intake correlated with training frequency (rs = 0.253, p < 0.001). The most prevalent products were protein supplements (used by 49% of the study population), magnesium (34%), and multi-micronutrient supplements (31%). The average number of supplement servings per week among consumers was 17.1 (SD: 16.1, median: 11.0) and the average number of different products used was 6.9 (SD: 4.4, median: 6.0). The most frequently used information sources were the coach/trainer (28%), the website of the supplement seller (26%), and training peers (24%). Thirty seven percent were informed or informed themselves about potential risks associated with the supplement used. The leading reasons for selecting the information source were the desire for scientific-based information followed by the education level of the informing person. Conclusions: A high prevalence of supplement intake among Swiss fitness center users was associated with a low level of information quality and a low prevalence of risk information. A discrepancy between a desire for high quality evidence-based information and a contrasting behavior was detected.

scholarly journals Tourist Mental Health Drives Destination Choice, Marketing, and Matching

2021 ◽  
pp. 004728752110115
Author(s):  
Mary-Ann Cooper ◽  
Ralf Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Destination Marketing ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Nature Tourism ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Tourism Enterprises ◽  
Health And Well Being

Leisure tourism, including destination choice, can be viewed as an investment in mental health maintenance. Destination marketing measures can thus be analyzed as mental health investment prospectuses, aiming to match tourist desires. A mental health framework is particularly relevant for parks and nature tourism destinations, since the benefits of nature for mental health are strongly established. We test it for one globally iconic destination, using a large-scale qualitative approach, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tourists’ perceptions and choices contain strong mental health and well-being components, derived largely from autonomous information sources, and differing depending on origins. Parks agencies emphasize factual cognitive aspects, but tourism enterprises and destination marketing organizations use affective approaches appealing to tourists’ mental health.

scholarly journals Synthesizing published knowledge of boreal forest cover change for large-scale landscape dynamics modelling

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Yemshanov ◽  
Ajith H Perera
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Discrete State

We reviewed the published knowledge on forest succession in the North American boreal biome for its applicability in modelling forest cover change over large extents. At broader scales, forest succession can be viewed as forest cover change over time. Quantitative case studies of forest succession in peer-reviewed literature are reliable sources of information about changes in forest canopy composition. We reviewed the following aspects of forest succession in literature: disturbances; pathways of post-disturbance forest cover change; timing of successional steps; probabilities of post-disturbance forest cover change, and effects of geographic location and ecological site conditions on forest cover change. The results from studies in the literature, which were mostly based on sample plot observations, appeared to be sufficient to describe boreal forest cover change as a generalized discrete-state transition process, with the discrete states denoted by tree species dominance. In this paper, we outline an approach for incorporating published knowledge on forest succession into stochastic simulation models of boreal forest cover change in a standardized manner. We found that the lack of details in the literature on long-term forest succession, particularly on the influence of pre-disturbance forest cover composition, may be limiting factors in parameterizing simulation models. We suggest that the simulation models based on published information can provide a good foundation as null models, which can be further calibrated as detailed quantitative information on forest cover change becomes available. Key words: probabilistic model, transition matrix, boreal biome, landscape ecology

scholarly journals Enabling Large-Scale Simulations of Quantum Transport with Manycore Computing

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Yosang Jeong ◽  
Hoon Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Transport ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Silicon Nanowire ◽  
Matrix Multiplication ◽  
Tight Binding ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Wide Energy Range ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Binding Model

The non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) is being utilized in the field of nanoscience to predict transport behaviors of electronic devices. This work explores how much performance improvement can be driven for quantum transport simulations with the aid of manycore computing, where the core numerical operation involves a recursive process of matrix multiplication. Major techniques adopted for performance enhancement are data restructuring, matrix tiling, thread scheduling, and offload computing, and we present technical details on how they are applied to optimize the performance of simulations in computing hardware, including Intel Xeon Phi Knights Landing (KNL) systems and NVIDIA general purpose graphic processing unit (GPU) devices. With a target structure of a silicon nanowire that consists of 100,000 atoms and is described with an atomistic tight-binding model, the effects of optimization techniques on the performance of simulations are rigorously tested in a KNL node equipped with two Quadro GV100 GPU devices, and we observe that computation is accelerated by a factor of up to ∼20 against the unoptimized case. The feasibility of handling large-scale workloads in a huge computing environment is also examined with nanowire simulations in a wide energy range, where good scalability is procured up to 2048 KNL nodes.

scholarly journals Bioimpedance Vector Patterns according to Age and Handgrip Strength in Adolescent Male and Female Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6069
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinicius de Oliveira Cattem ◽  
Bruna Taranto Sinforoso ◽  
Francesco Campa ◽  
Josely Correa Koury
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer

Bioelectric Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) can be used to qualitatively compare individuals’ hydration and cell mass independently of predictive equations. This study aimed to analyze the efficiency of BIVA considering chronological age and handgrip strength in adolescent athletes. A total of 273 adolescents (male; 59%) engaged in different sports were evaluated. Bioelectrical impedance (Z), resistance (R), reactance (Xc), and phase angle (PhA) were obtained using a single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Fat-free mass (FFM) and total body water were estimated using bioimpedance-based equations specific for adolescents. Female showed higher values of R (5.5%, p = 0.001), R/height (3.8%, p = 0.041), Z (5.3%, p = 0.001), and fat mass (53.9%, p = 0.001) than male adolescents. Male adolescents showed higher values of FFM (5.3%, p = 0.021) and PhA (3.1%, p = 0.033) than female adolescents. In both stratifications, adolescents (older > 13 y or stronger > median value) shifted to the left on the R-Xc graph, showing patterns of higher hydration and cell mass. The discrimination of subjects older than 13 years and having higher median of handgrip strength values was possibly due to maturity differences. This study showed that BIVA identified age and strength influence in vector displacement, assessing qualitative information and offering patterns of vector distribution in adolescent athletes.

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