Single and Serial Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing Do Not Improve Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Performance in Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rafaela Nehme ◽  
Flávia M.S. de Branco ◽  
Públio F. Vieira ◽  
Ana Vitória C. Guimarães ◽  
Gederson K. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Recovery Test ◽  
Mouth Rinses ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinsing seems to improve performance in exercises lasting 30–60 min. However, its effects on intermittent exercise are unclear. It is also unknown whether serial CHO mouth rinses can promote additional ergogenic effects when compared with a single mouth rinse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of single and serial CHO mouth rinses on Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) performance in soccer players. In a randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 12 male (18.9 ± 0.5 years) soccer players performed eight serial mouth rinses under three different conditions: placebo solution only (noncaloric juice), seven placebo mouth rinses plus a single CHO mouth rinse (8% maltodextrin), or eight CHO mouth rinses (8-CHO). Following the final mouth rinse, individuals performed the Yo-Yo IR1 test to evaluate the maximal aerobic endurance performance measured via total distance covered. There were no differences in Yo-Yo IR1 performance between sessions (p = .32; single CHO mouth rinse (8% maltodextrin): 1,198 ± 289 m, eight CHO mouth rinses: 1,256 ± 253 m, placebo: 1,086 ± 284 m). In conclusion, single and serial CHO mouth rinsing did not improve performance during the Yo-Yo IR1 for soccer players. These data suggest that CHO mouth rinsing is not an effective ergogenic strategy for intermittent exercise performance irrespective of the number of rinses.

scholarly journals Effect of caffeine on aerobic endurance performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Itze Noriega Muro ◽  
Miguel Parada
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Analysis Of Results

Supplementation in sport has become very important. The athlete uses ergogenic products or supplements such as caffeine, seeking to improve performance in sports. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the effect of caffeine on aerobic endurance in Mexican professional soccer players. A longitudinal, experimental and prospective, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. Aerobic resistance was evaluated with the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test. Sixteen athletes were included, who were applied the Yo-Yo test before the administration of caffeine. With a crossover design, athletes received caffeine or placebo and the Yo-Yo test was applied. The initial heart rate (HR) of the athletes was 11.7 ± 93.2 (caffeine) and 94.4 ± 21.7 (placebo) (P = 0.85). The final HRs were of 175.8 ± 18.1 (caffeine) and 181.9 ± 13.0 (placebo) (P = 0.28). The HRs recovery were 141.4 ± 22.0 (caffeine) and 142.3 ± 24.4 (placebo) (P = 0.92) and a recovery rate of 34.4 ± 12.5 (caffeine) and 39.6 ± 19.3 (placebo) (P = 0.37). With a total of 2532.5 ± 267.6 meters traveled (caffeine) and 2622.5 ± 285.5 meters (placebo) (P = 0.36). Through the analysis of results, it is concluded that for this sample of athletes, caffeine supplementation had no positive influence on aerobic endurance.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Mitigates Mental Fatigue Effects on Maximal Incremental Test Performance, but Not in Cortical Alterations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cayque Brietzke ◽  
Paulo Estevão Franco-Alvarenga ◽  
Raul Canestri ◽  
Márcio Fagundes Goethel ◽  
Ítalo Vínicius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Mouth Rinses ◽  
Spontaneous Behavior

Detrimental mental fatigue effects on exercise performance have been documented in constant workload and time trial exercises, but effects on a maximal incremental test (MIT) remain poorly investigated. Mental fatigue-reduced exercise performance is related to an increased effort sensation, likely due to a reduced prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and inhibited spontaneous behavior. Interestingly, only a few studies verified if centrally active compounds may mitigate such effects. For example, carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse potentiates exercise performance and reduces effort sensation, likely through its effects on PFC activation. However, it is unknown if this centrally mediated effect of CHO mouth rinse may mitigate mental fatigue-reduced exercise performance. After a proof-of-principle study, showing a mental fatigue-reduced MIT performance, we observed that CHO mouth rinse mitigated MIT performance reductions in mentally fatigued cyclists, regardless of PFC alterations. When compared to placebo, mentally fatigued cyclists improved MIT performance by 2.24–2.33% when rinsing their mouth with CHO during MIT. However, PFC and motor cortex activation during MIT in both CHO and placebo mouth rinses were greater than in mental fatigue. Results showed that CHO mouth rinse mitigated the mental fatigue-reduced MIT performance, but challenged the role of CHO mouth rinse on PFC and motor cortex activation.

The Effects of Caffeine Mouth Rinsing on Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 362-373
Author(s):  
Alex M. Ehlert ◽  
Hannah M. Twiddy ◽  
Patrick B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Systemic Absorption ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Genetic Modifiers ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

Caffeine ingestion can improve performance across a variety of exercise modalities but can also elicit negative side effects in some individuals. Thus, there is a growing interest in the use of caffeine mouth rinse solutions to improve sport and exercise performance while minimizing caffeine’s potentially adverse effects. Mouth rinse protocols involve swilling a solution within the oral cavity for a short time (e.g., 5–10 s) before expectorating it to avoid systemic absorption. This is believed to improve performance via activation of taste receptors and stimulation of the central nervous system. Although reviews of the literature indicate that carbohydrate mouth rinsing can improve exercise performance in some situations, there has been no attempt to systematically review the available literature on caffeine mouth rinsing and its effects on exercise performance. To fill this gap, a systematic literature search of three databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) was conducted by two independent reviewers. The search resulted in 11 randomized crossover studies that were appraised and reviewed. Three studies found significant positive effects of caffeine mouth rinsing on exercise performance, whereas the remaining eight found no improvements or only suggestive benefits. The mixed results may be due to heterogeneity in the methods across studies, interindividual differences in bitter tasting, and differences in the concentrations of caffeine solutions. Future studies should evaluate how manipulating the concentration of caffeine solutions, habitual caffeine intake, and genetic modifiers of bitter taste influence the efficacy of caffeine mouth rinsing as an ergogenic strategy.

scholarly journals The examination of Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test performance of young soccer players at different playing positions

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Serdar Bayrakdaroğlu ◽  
Erdal Arı ◽  
Hüseyin Özkamçı ◽  
İbrahim Can
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Recovery Test ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed ◽  
Soccer Teams ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

Background and Study Aim. The aerobic fitness in soccer is an important performance component. The aerobic endurance level of players may positively effect performance of critical match activities. The examination of Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT) performance of young soccer players at different playing positions was aimed in this study. Material and Methods. The research group was consisted of 75 young soccer players playing at U-21 category of professional soccer teams at different leagues. The soccer players at 5 different playing positions participated in study voluntarily (centerback: n=15, fullback: midfielder: n=15, winger: n=15, forward: n=15). The YYIRT (level 1) was performed for determination aerobic endurance parameters (covered distance during test, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) of players. The one-way ANOVA analysis was used for comparison between playing positions of YYIRT parameters. Results. It was determined that difference between YYIRT parameters of players at different playing positions was non-significant (p>0.05). However, the midfielders covered more distance (2425,33±440,42 m) than forward (2146,67±339,64 m), winger (2137,33±615,18 m), fullback (2056,00±512,43 m) and centerback (1960,00±313,51 m) players. The positional requirements of midfielders may be decisive on covered distance during YYIRT. Conclusions. Consequently, it may be said that the young soccer players at different playing positions had similar YYIRT performance and the playing position effect on YYIRT performance could vary depending on league level and individual features of players.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anticariogenic Efficacy of Pomegranate (Punica Granatum) Pericarp Extract as Natural Mouth Rinse: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2025-2030
Author(s):  
Jyothsna Pinni ◽  
J.S. Sankar Avula ◽  
Sridhar Mukthineni ◽  
Sujatha Bandi ◽  
Thulasi Gokul
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mouth Rinses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

Plant materials were known as source of new antimicrobial agents. Many efforts have been made to develop alternative mouth rinses from natural products which are safe, easily available and substitute the standard pharmaceutical remedies. Thus, considering the therapeutic value of pomegranate fruit, the present study was designed to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of aqueous extract of Pomegranate pericarp and commercially available Chlorhexidine mouth wash against caries causative microorganisms both in vitro and in vivo. To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of pomegranate pericarp extract (PPE) against Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) and to determine its usefulness as anti caries mouth rinse. In vitro antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated by disc inhibition zone method and broth dilution assay considering minimum inhibitory concentration of PPE. In vivo evaluation was done as a randomised controlled trial which included thirty children aged between 6-12 years. They were divided randomly into 3 groups of ten each and subjected to different mouth rinses - Group I: PPE mouth rinse, Group II: 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouth rinse and Group III: Distilled water (control). The salivary samples which were collected before and after (5 minutes) mouth rinsing were inoculated on Mutans Sanguis agar and the bacterial count was calculated.Statistically significant decrease in salivary S.mutans count was observed in group I and II compared to group III after mouth rinsing. However, there was no statistically significant difference between groups I and II. PPE mouthwash was effective in reducing the salivary S.mutans count and was comparable to chlorhexidine mouth rinse. Hence PPE mouth rinse may be considered as a potential anti caries mouth rinse.

scholarly journals Caffeine Supplementation and muscle damage in soccer players

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Machado ◽  
Anselmo Carvalho Breder ◽  
Marcio Carvalho Ximenes ◽  
Jarbas Rodrigues Simões ◽  
José Fábio Florentino Vigo
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blind Test ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Cellular Integrity

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of caffeine supplementation and intermittent exercise on the muscle injury markers in soccer players. 15 male professional soccer players completed a placebo controlled double blind test protocol. 45 minutes before exercise, participants ingested 5.5 mg.kg-1 body mass of caffeine (EXP, n=8) or placebo (CONT, n=7). The exercise was 12 sets of 10 sprints (20 m each) with 10 sec recovery time between sprints and 2 min between sets. Blood samples were collected before (PRE) and 48h after exercise (POST). Serum activity of CK, LDH, AST, and ALT were quantified. Serum enzyme activity was enhanced by exercise in both groups, without a synergistic effect of caffeine. The findings suggest muscle injury markers concentration increases after physical activities, but caffeine supplementation (as used in this study) has no influence upon muscle cellular integrity.

Mouth rinsing improves cycling endurance performance during Ramadan fasting in a hot humid environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed ◽  
Nazirah Gulam Mohamed ◽  
Norjana Ismail ◽  
Abdul Rashid Aziz ◽  
Rabindarjeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Humid Condition ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Endurance Cycling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

This study examined the effect of mouth rinsing during endurance cycling in a hot humid environment (32 °C and 75% relative humidity) on athletes in the Ramadan fasted state. Nine trained adolescent male cyclists completed 3 trials that consisted of a carbohydrate mouth-rinse (CMR), a placebo mouth-rinse (PMR), and a no-rinse (NOR) trial during the last 2 weeks of Ramadan. Each trial consisted of a preloading cycle at 65% peak rate of oxygen consumption for 30 min followed by a 10-km time trial (TT10 km) under hot humid condition. During the CMR and PMR trials, each cyclist rinsed his mouth with 25 mL of the solution for 5 s before expectorating the solution pre-exercise, after 5, 15, and 25 min of the preloading cycle, and 15 s prior to the start of TT10 km. Time to complete the TT10 km was significantly faster in the CMR and PMR trials compared with the NOR trial (12.9 ± 1.7 and 12.6 ± 1.7 vs. 16.8 ± 1.6 min, respectively; p < 0.017). Ratings of perceived exertion taken at the end of the TT10 km was lower in both CMR and PMR trials compared with the NOR trial, although the difference was significant only between CMR and NOR (p < 0.05). In conclusion, mouth rinsing with either carbohydrate or placebo solution provided ergogenic benefits compared with a no-rinse condition on TT10 km performance in acute Ramadan fasted subjects during endurance cycling in a heat stress environment.

scholarly journals Acute Caffeine Mouth Rinse Does Not Change the Hydration Status following a 10 km Run in Recreationally Trained Runners

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Adam M. Gonzalez ◽  
Victoria Guimarães ◽  
Nayra Figueiredo ◽  
Marcela Queiroz ◽  
Paulo Gentil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Gastrointestinal Distress ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Mouth Rinsing ◽  
Trained Runners

Background and Aims. Caffeine mouth rinsing has emerged as an alternative to oral caffeine consumption for improving performance without provoking lower gastrointestinal distress. However, it remains unclear if hydration status and sweat rate are negatively affected by caffeine mouth rinsing. This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of 10 seconds of caffeine mouth rinsing (1.2% anhydrous caffeine solution) on hydration status and sweat rate following a 10 km run trial. Methods. Ten recreationally trained runners (30.1±6.4 y) volunteered to participate in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover research study. Participants completed two 10 km run trials separated by approximately one week. Immediately prior to running, participants completed a 10-second mouth rinse protocol with either 300 mg of caffeine or microcrystalline cellulose (placebo) diluted in 25 mL of water. The effects of caffeine mouth rinsing on hydration status and sweat rate were assessed following a 10 km run trial. Results. Sweat rate (placebo: 15.34±9.71 vs. caffeine: 11.91±6.98 mL·min−1; p=0.39), dehydration (placebo: 1.20±0.57 vs. caffeine: 1.49±0.29%; p=0.15), and hydration (placebo: 15.32±9.71 vs. caffeine: 11.89±6.99 mL·min−1; p=0.37) measures were not significantly different between trials. Conclusion. Caffeine mouth rinse does not appear to alter the hydration status or sweat rate following a 10 km run.

scholarly journals Efficacy of commercial mouth-rinses on SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva: Randomized Control Trial in Singapore

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne ◽  
Preethi Balan ◽  
Karrie Ko Kwan Ki ◽  
Nadeeka S. Udawatte ◽  
Deborah Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Mouth Rinses ◽  
Sustained Effect ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

The presence of high SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) titres in saliva may result in transmission of the virus and increase the risk of COVID-19 infection. This is particularly important as significant amounts of aerosols are generated during dental procedures, posing risk to dental care personnel and patients. Thus, reducing the titres of SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva of infected patients could be one of the key approaches to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission during dental procedures. In this randomised control trial, the efficacy of three commercial mouth-rinse viz. povidone-iodine (PI), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), in reducing the salivary SARS-CoV-2 viral load in COVID-19 positive patients were compared with water. A total of 36 COVID-19 positive patients were recruited, of which 16 patients were randomly assigned to four groups: PI group (n=4), CHX group (n=6), CPC group (n=4) and water as control group (n=2). Saliva samples were collected from all patients at baseline and at 5 min, 3 h and 6 h post-application of mouth-rinses/water. The samples were subjected to SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR analysis. The fold change of Ct values were significantly increased in CPC group at 5 minutes and 6 h time points (p<0.05), while it showed significant increase at 6 h timepoint for PI group (p<0.01). Considering Ct values as an indirect method of arbitrarily quantifying the viral load, it can be postulated that CPC mouth-rinse can decrease the salivary SARS-CoV-2 levels within 5 minutes of use, compared to water rinsing. The effect of decreasing salivary load with CPC and PI mouth-rinsing was observed to be sustained at 6 h time point. Within the limitation of the current study, it can be concluded that use of CPC and PI formulated commercial mouth-rinses, with its sustained effect on reducing salivary SARS-CoV-2 level, may be useful as a pre-procedural rinse to help reduce the transmission of COVID-19.

Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Performance in Soccer Players

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 833
Author(s):  
Chi-kei LI ◽  
Franck Brocherie ◽  
Fuad Almudehki ◽  
Polyvios Kyritsis ◽  
Bruce Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Recovery Test
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