scholarly journals The Effects of a Single Dose of Concentrated Beetroot Juice on Performance in Trained Flatwater Kayakers

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Muggeridge ◽  
Christopher C. F. Howe ◽  
Owen Spendiff ◽  
Charles Pedlar ◽  
Philip E. James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Maximum Work ◽  
Plasma Nitrate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Plasma Nitrite ◽  
20 Nm

The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of dietary nitrate ingestion on parameters of submaximal and supramaximal exercise and time trial (TT) performance in trained kayakers. Eight male kayakers completed four exercise trials consisting of an initial discontinuous graded exercise test to exhaustion and three performance trials using a kayak ergometer. The performance trials were composed of 15 min of paddling at 60% of maximum work rate, five 10-s all-out sprints, and a 1 km TT. The second and third trials were preceded by ingestion of either 70 ml nitrate-rich concentrated beetroot juice (BR) or tomato juice (placebo [PLA]) 3 hr before exercise using a randomized crossover design. Plasma nitrate (PLA: 33.8 ± 1.9 μM, BR: 152 ± 3.5 μM) and nitrite (PLA: 519.8 ± 25.8, BR: 687.9 ± 20 nM) were higher following ingestion of BR compared with PLA (both p < .001). VO2 during steady-state exercise was lower in the BR trial than in the PLA trial (p = .010). There was no difference in either peak power in the sprints (p = .590) or TT performance between conditions (PLA: 277 ± 5 s, BR: 276 ± 5 s, p = .539). Despite a reduction in VO2, BR ingestion appears to have no effect on repeated supramaximal sprint or 1 km TT kayaking performance. A smaller elevation in plasma nitrite following a single dose of nitrate and the individual variability in this response may partly account for these findings.

Is beetroot juice more effective than sodium nitrate? The effects of equimolar nitrate dosages of nitrate-rich beetroot juice and sodium nitrate on oxygen consumption during exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelle Leonie Flueck ◽  
Anna Bogdanova ◽  
Samuel Mettler ◽  
Claudio Perret
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Severe Intensity ◽  
Plasma Nitrate ◽  
Plasma Nitrite ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Dietary nitrate has been reported to lower oxygen consumption in moderate- and severe-intensity exercise. To date, it is unproven that sodium nitrate (NaNO3−; NIT) and nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR) have the same effects on oxygen consumption, blood pressure, and plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations or not. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different dosages of NIT and BR on oxygen consumption in male athletes. Twelve healthy, well-trained men (median [minimum; maximum]; peak oxygen consumption: 59.4 mL·min−1·kg−1 [40.5; 67.0]) performed 7 trials on different days, ingesting different nitrate dosages and placebo (PLC). Dosages were 3, 6, and 12 mmol nitrate as concentrated BR or NIT dissolved in plain water. Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured before, 3 h after ingestion, and postexercise. Participants cycled for 5 min at moderate intensity and further 8 min at severe intensity. End-exercise oxygen consumption at moderate intensity was not significantly different between the 7 trials (p = 0.08). At severe-intensity exercise, end-exercise oxygen consumption was ∼4% lower in the 6-mmol BR trial compared with the 6-mmol NIT (p = 0.003) trial as well as compared with PLC (p = 0.010). Plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations were significantly increased after the ingestion of BR and NIT with the highest concentrations in the 12-mmol trials. Plasma nitrite concentration between NIT and BR did not significantly differ in the 6-mmol (p = 0.27) and in the 12-mmol (p = 0.75) trials. In conclusion, BR might reduce oxygen consumption to a greater extent compared with NIT.

scholarly journals Single and Combined Effects of Beetroot Crystals and Sodium Bicarbonate on 4-km Cycling Time Trial Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus J. Callahan ◽  
Evelyn B. Parr ◽  
John A. Hawley ◽  
Louise M. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Plasma Nitrite ◽  
Mean Power Output

When ingested alone, beetroot juice and sodium bicarbonate are ergogenic for high-intensity exercise performance. This study sought to determine the independent and combined effects of these supplements. Eight endurance trained (VO2max 65 mL·kg·min-1) male cyclists completed four × 4-km time trials (TT) in a doubleblind Latin square design supplementing with beetroot crystals (BC) for 3 days (15 g·day-1 + 15 g 1 h before TT, containing 300 mg nitrate per 15 g), bicarbonate (Bi 0.3 g·kg-1 body mass [BM] in 5 doses every 15 min from 2.5 h before TT); BC+Bi or placebo (PLA). Subjects completed TTs on a Velotron cycle ergometer under standardized laboratory conditions. Plasma nitrite concentrations were significantly elevated only in the BC+Bi trial before the TT (1520 ± 786 nmol·L-1) compared with baseline (665 ± 535 nmol·L-1, p = .02) and the Bi and PLA conditions (Bi: 593 ± 203 nmol·L-1, p < .01; PLA: 543 ± 369 nmol·L-1, p < .01). Plasma nitrite concentrations were not elevated in the BC trial before the TT (1102 ± 218 nmol·L-1) compared with baseline (975 ± 607 nmol·L-1, p > .05). Blood bicarbonate concentrations were increased in the BC+Bi and Bi trials before the TT (BC+Bi: 30.9 ± 2.8 mmol·L-1; Bi: 31.7 ± 1.1 mmol·L-1). There were no differences in mean power output (386–394 W) or the time taken to complete the TT (335.8–338.1 s) between any conditions. Under the conditions of this study, supplementation was not ergogenic for 4-km TT performance.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Distribution of Training Intensity and Performance of Kayak and Canoe Sprinters: A Retrospective Observational Analysis of One Season of Competition

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Matzka ◽  
Robert Leppich ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg ◽  
Billy Sperlich ◽  
Christoph Zinner
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Trial Performance

Purpose: To evaluate retrospectively the training intensity distribution (TID) among highly trained canoe sprinters during a single season and to relate TID to changes in performance.Methods: The heart rates during on-water training by 11 German sprint kayakers (7 women, 4 men) and one male canoeist were monitored during preparation periods (PP) 1 and 2, as well as during the period of competition (CP) (total monitoring period: 37 weeks). The zones of training intensity (Z) were defined as Z1 [&lt;80% of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak)], Z2 (81–87% VO2peak) and Z3 (&gt;87% VO2peak), as determined by 4 × 1,500-m incremental testing on-water. Prior to and after each period, the time required to complete the last 1,500-m stage (all-out) of the incremental test (1,500-m time-trial), velocities associated with 2 and 4 mmol·L−1 blood lactate (v2[BLa], v4[BLa]) and VO2peak were determined.Results: During each period, the mean TID for the entire group was pyramidal (PP1: 84/12/4%, PP2: 80/12/8% and CP: 91/5/4% for Z1, Z2, Z3) and total training time on-water increased from 5.0 ± 0.9 h (PP1) to 6.1 ± 0.9 h (PP2) and 6.5 ± 1.0 h (CP). The individual ranges for Z1, Z2 and Z3 were 61–96, 2–26 and 0–19%. During PP2 VO2peak (25.5 ± 11.4%) markedly increased compared to PP1 and CP and during PP1 v2[bla] (3.6 ± 3.4%) showed greater improvement compared to PP2, but not to CP. All variables related to performance improved as the season progressed, but no other effects were observed. With respect to time-trial performance, the time spent in Z1 (r = 0.66, p = 0.01) and total time in all three zones (r = 0.66, p = 0.01) showed positive correlations, while the time spent in Z2 (r = −0.57, p = 0.04) was negatively correlated.Conclusions: This seasonal analysis of the effects of training revealed extensive inter-individual variability. Overall, TID was pyramidal during the entire period of observation, with a tendency toward improvement in VO2peak, v2[bla], v4[bla] and time-trial performance. During PP2, when the COVID-19 lockdown was in place, the proportion of time spent in Z3 doubled, while that spent in Z1 was lowered; the total time spent training on water increased; these changes may have accentuated the improvement in performance during this period. A further increase in total on-water training time during CP was made possible by reductions in the proportions of time spent in Z2 and Z3, so that more fractions of time was spent in Z1.

scholarly journals Acute Supplementation with Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice Causes a Greater Increase in Plasma Nitrite and Reduction in Blood Pressure of Older Compared to Younger Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Stanaway ◽  
Kay Rutherfurd-Markwick ◽  
Rachel Page ◽  
Marie Wong ◽  
Wannita Jirangrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Plasma Nitrate ◽  
Plasma Nitrite

Nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation has been shown to improve cardiovascular and cognitive function in younger and older adults via increased nitric oxide production. However, it is unclear whether the level of effects differs between the two groups. We hypothesized that acute supplementation with nitrate-rich beetroot juice would improve cardiovascular and cognitive function in older and younger adults, with the potential for greater improvements in older adults. Thirteen younger (18–30 years) and 11 older (50–70 years) adults consumed either 150 mL of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR; 10.5 mmol nitrate) or placebo (PL; 1 mmol nitrate) in a double-blind, crossover design, 2.25 h prior to a 30-min treadmill walk. Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cognitive function, mood and perceptual tests were performed throughout the trial. BR consumption significantly increased plasma nitrate (p < 0.001) and nitrite (p = 0.003) concentrations and reduced systolic BP (p < 0.001) in both age groups and reduced diastolic BP (p = 0.013) in older adults. Older adults showed a greater elevation in plasma nitrite (p = 0.038) and a greater reduction in diastolic BP (p = 0.005) following BR consumption than younger adults. Reaction time was improved in the Stroop test following BR supplementation for both groups (p = 0.045). Acute BR supplementation increased plasma nitrite concentrations and reduced diastolic BP to a greater degree in older adults; whilst systolic BP was reduced in both older and younger adults, suggesting nitrate-rich BR may improve cardiovascular health, particularly in older adults due to the greater benefits from reductions in diastolic BP.

scholarly journals Influence of Equimolar Doses of Beetroot Juice and Sodium Nitrate on Time Trial Performance in Handcycling

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelle Leonie Flueck ◽  
Alessandro Gallo ◽  
Nynke Moelijker ◽  
Nikolay Bogdanov ◽  
Anna Bogdanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Trial Performance

This study aimed to investigate the influence of a single dose of either beetroot juice (BR) or sodium nitrate (NIT) on performance in a 10 km handcycling time trial (TT) in able-bodied individuals and paracyclists. In total, 14 able-bodied individuals [mean ± SD; age: 28 ± 7 years, height: 183 ± 5 cm, body mass (BM): 82 ± 9 kg, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak): 33.9 ± 4.2 mL/min/kg] and eight paracyclists (age: 40 ± 11 years, height: 176 ± 9cm, BM: 65 ± 9 kg, VO2peak: 38.6 ± 10.5 mL/min/kg) participated in the study. All participants had to perform three TT on different days, receiving either 6 mmol nitrate as BR or NIT or water as a placebo. Time-to-complete the TT, power output (PO), as well as oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured. No significant differences in time-to-complete the TT were found between the three interventions in able-bodied individuals (p = 0.80) or in paracyclists (p = 0.61). Furthermore, VO2 was not significantly changed after the ingestion of BR or NIT in either group (p < 0.05). The PO to VO2 ratio was significantly higher in some kilometers of the TT in able-bodied individuals (p < 0.05). The ingestion of BR or NIT did not increase handcycling performance in able-bodied individuals or in paracyclists.

scholarly journals Effects of a single dose of beetroot juice on cycling time trial performance at ventilatory thresholds intensity in male triathletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Vicente Garnacho-Castaño ◽  
Guillem Palau-Salvà ◽  
Eduardo Cuenca ◽  
Arturo Muñoz-González ◽  
Pablo García-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Time ◽  
Trial Performance

scholarly journals No Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on 100-m and 200-m Swimming Performance in Moderately Trained Swimmers

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozcan Esen ◽  
Ceri Nicholas ◽  
Mike Morris ◽  
Stephen J. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Nitrite Concentration ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Nitrite

Purpose: Dietary nitrate supplementation has been reported to improve performance in kayaking and rowing exercise, which mandate significant recruitment of the upper-body musculature. Because the effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on swimming performance is unclear, the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on 100-m and 200-m swimming freestyle time-trial (TT) performance. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized crossover design, 10 moderately trained swimmers underwent 2 separate 3-d supplementation periods, with a daily dose of either 140 mL nitrate-rich (∼800 mg/d nitrate) or nitrate-depleted (PLA) beetroot juice (BRJ). After blood sampling on day 3, the swimmers performed both 200-m and 100-m freestyle swimming TTs, with 30 min recovery between trials. Results: Plasma nitrite concentration was greater after BRJ relative to PLA consumption (432 [203] nmol/L, 111 [56] nmol/L, respectively, P = .001). Systolic blood pressure was lowered after BRJ compared with PLA supplementation (114 [10], 120 [10] mm Hg, respectively P = .001), but time to complete the 200-m (BRJ 152.6 [14.1] s, PLA 152.5 [14.1] s) and 100-m (BRJ 69.5 [7.2] s, PLA 69.4 [7.4] s) freestyle swimming TTs was not different between BRJ and PLA (P > .05). Conclusions: Although 3 d of BRJ supplementation increased plasma nitrite concentration and lowered blood pressure, it did not improve 100-m and 200-m swimming TT performance. These results do not support an ergogenic effect of nitrate supplementation in moderately trained swimmers, at least for 100-m and 200-m freestyle swimming performance.

THE STUDY OF THE INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY OF THE LINEAR DIMENSIONS OF THE SPHENOID SINUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
O.V. Mareev ◽  
◽  
G.O. Mareev ◽  
M.E. Gutynina ◽  
D.A. Maksimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sphenoid Sinus ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
The Individual

Erratum

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 642
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Online Version ◽  
Sport Nutrition ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Exercise Metabolism

In the article by Muggeridge DJ, Howe C CF, Spendiff O, Pedlar C, James PE, Easton C, “The effects of a single dose of concentrated beetroot juice on performance in trained flatwater kayakers,” in the International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 23(5), Figures 2 and 3 were incorrectly labeled due to an error in the production process. The online version of the article had been corrected. We apologize for the error.

[BP.07.06] ACUTE ADMINISTRATION (SINGLE DOSE) OF BEETROOT JUICE ATTENUATES BLOOD PRESSURE DURING ISOMETRIC EXERCISE IN UNTREATED HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. e265
Author(s):  
A. Triantafyllou ◽  
A. Zafeiridis ◽  
S. Papadopoulos ◽  
N. Koletsos ◽  
E. Gkaliagkousi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Hypertensive Patients
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