Enhancement on Wingate Anaerobic Test Performance With Hyperventilation

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-634
Author(s):  
Renate M. Leithäuser ◽  
Dieter Böning ◽  
Matthias Hütler ◽  
Ralph Beneke
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Anaerobic Test ◽  
Mass Test

Relatively long-lasting metabolic alkalizing procedures such as bicarbonate ingestion have potential for improving performance in long-sprint to middle-distance events. Within a few minutes, hyperventilation can induce respiratory alkalosis. However, corresponding performance effects are missing or equivocal at best.Purpose:To test a potential performance-enhancing effect of respiratory alkalosis in a 30-s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT).Methods:10 men (mean ± SD age 26.6 ± 4.9 y, height 184.4 ± 6.1 cm, body-mass test 1 80.7 ± 7.7 kg, body-mass test 2 80.4 ± 7.2 kg, peak oxygen uptake 3.95 ± 0.43 L/min) performed 2 WAnTs, 1 with and 1 without a standardized 15-min hyperventilation program pre-WAnT in randomized order separated by 1 wk.Results:Compared with the control condition, hyperventilation reduced (all P < .01) pCO2 (40.5 ± 2.8 vs 22.5 ± 1.6 mm Hg) and HCO3− (25.5 ± 1.7 vs 22.7 ± 1.6 mmol/L) and increased (all P < .01) pH (7.41 ± 0.01 vs 7.61 ± 0.03) and actual base excess (1.4 ± 1.4 vs 3.2 ± 1.6 mmol/L) pre-WAnT with an ergogenic effect on WAnT average power (681 ± 41 vs 714 ± 44 W) and total metabolic energy (138 ± 12 vs. 144 ± 13 kJ) based on an increase in glycolytic energy (81 ± 13 vs 88 ± 13 kJ).Conclusion:Hyperventilation-induced respiratory alkalosis can enhance WAnT cycling sprint performance well in the magnitude of what is seen after successful bicarbonate ingestion.

Performance on the Wingate Anaerobic Test and Maturation

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Armstrong ◽  
Joanne R. Welsman ◽  
Brian J. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Salivary Testosterone ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Anaerobic Test

The influence of sexual maturation on the Wingate anaerobic test performance of 100 boys and 100 girls, ages 12.2 ±0.4 years, was examined using Tanner’s indices of pubic hair and, in boys, salivary testosterone as measures of maturation. No sex differences (p > .05) in either peak power (PP) or mean power (MP) were revealed. Significant main effects (p < .01) for maturation were detected for both PP and MP expressed in W, W · kg−1, or with body mass controlled using allometric principles. Testosterone did not increase the variance in PP or MP explained by body mass alone (p > .05). No sex or maturational effects were observed for postexercise blood lactate (p > .05). Testosterone was not (p > .05) correlated with blood lactate. Thus, sexual maturation exerts an influence on PP and MP independent of body mass, but maturational effects on postexercise blood lactate remain to be proven in this age group.

Effects of Body Weight vs. Lean Body Mass on Wingate Anaerobic Test Performance in Endurance Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (08) ◽  
pp. 545-551
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Galán-Rioja ◽  
Fernando González-Mohíno ◽  
Dajo Sanders ◽  
Jesús Mellado ◽  
José María González-Ravé
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Test Body ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Anaerobic Test

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the influence of body weight or lean body mass-based load on Wingate Anaerobic Test performance in male and female endurance trained individuals. Thirty-one participants (22 male cyclists and triathletes and 9 female triathletes) completed two randomized Wingate Anaerobic Test (body weight and lean body mass loads) in stationary start. There were no significant differences in power outputs variables between loads in any group. However, when comparing specific groups within the sample (e. g. cyclists vs cyclists) medium to large effect sizes were observed for Relative Mean Power Output (ES=0.53), Relative Lowest Power (ES=0.99) and Relative Power Muscle Mass (ES=0.54). Regarding gender differences, male cyclists and triathletes displayed higher relative and absolute power outputs (p<0.001) compared to female triathletes regardless of the protocol used. FI was lower in female triathletes compared to male triathletes and cyclists in body weight (p<0.001) and lean body mass (p<0.01) protocols. Body composition and anthropometric characteristics were similar in male cyclists and triathletes, but there were differences between genders. These results suggest that using either body weight-based or lean body mass-based load can be used interchangeably. However, there may be some practically relevant differences when evaluating this on an individual level.

Modeling the blood lactate kinetics at maximal short-term exercise conditions in children, adolescents, and adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Beneke ◽  
Matthias Hütler ◽  
Marcus Jung ◽  
Renate M. Leithäuser
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Blood Compartment ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Anaerobic Test

Whether age-related differences in blood lactate concentrations (BLC) reflect specific BLC kinetics was analyzed in 15 prepubescent boys (age 12.0 ± 0.6 yr, height 1.54 ± 0.06 m, body mass 40.0 ± 5.2 kg), 12 adolescents (16.3 ± 0.7 yr, 1.83 ± 0.07 m, 68.2 ± 7.5 kg), and 12 adults (27.2 ± 4.5 yr, 1.83 ± 0.06 m, 81.6 ± 6.9 kg) by use of a biexponential four-parameter kinetics model under Wingate Anaerobic Test conditions. The model predicts the lactate generated in the extravasal compartment (A), invasion ( k1), and evasion ( k2) of lactate into and out of the blood compartment, the BLC maximum (BLCmax), and corresponding time (TBLCmax). BLCmax and TBLCmax were lower ( P < 0.05) in boys (BLCmax 10.2 ± 1.3 mmol/l, TBLCmax 4.1 ± 0.4 min) than in adolescents (12.7 ± 1.0 mmol/l, 5.5 ± 0.7 min) and adults (13.7 ± 1.4 mmol/l, 5.7 ± 1.1 min). No differences were found in A related to the muscle mass (AMM) and k1 between boys (AMM: 22.8 ± 2.7 mmol/l, k1: 0.865 ± 0.115 min−1), adolescents (22.7 ± 1.3 mmol/l, 0.692 ± 0.221 min−1), and adults (24.7 ± 2.8 mmol/l, 0.687 ± 0.287 min−1). The k2 was higher ( P < 0.01) in boys (2.87 10−2 ± 0.75 10−2 min−1) than in adolescents (2.03 × 10−2 ± 0.89 × 10−2 min−1) and adults (1.99 × 10−2 ± 0.93 × 10−2 min−1). Age-related differences in the BLC kinetics are unlikely to reflect differences in muscular lactate or lactate invasion but partly faster elimination out of the blood compartment.

Influence of Music on Wingate Anaerobic Test Performance

1999 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 292-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Pujol ◽  
Mark E. Langenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Anaerobic Test

The Metabolic Relevance of Type of Locomotion in Anaerobic Testing: Bosco Continuous Jumping Test Versus Wingate Anaerobic Test of the Same Duration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kaufmann ◽  
Olaf Hoos ◽  
Aaron Beck ◽  
Fabian Fueller ◽  
Richard Latzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Jumping Test ◽  
Anaerobic Testing ◽  
Anaerobic Test

Purpose: To evaluate the metabolic relevance of type of locomotion in anaerobic testing by analyzing and comparing the metabolic profile of the Bosco Continuous Jumping Test (CJ30) with the corresponding profile of the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Methods: A total of 11 well-trained, male team-sport athletes (age = 23.7 [2.2] y, height = 184.1 [2.8] cm, weight = 82.4 [6.4] kg) completed a CJ30 and WAnT each. During the WAnT, power data and revolutions per minute were recorded, and during the CJ30, jump height and jumping frequency were recorded. In addition, oxygen uptake and blood lactate concentration were assessed, and metabolic profiles were determined via the PCr-LA-O2 method. Results: In the CJ30, metabolic energy was lower (109.3 [18.0] vs 143.0 [13.1] kJ, P < .001, d = −2.302), while peak power (24.8 [4.4] vs 11.8 [0.5] W·kg−1, P < .001, d = 3.59) and mean power (20.8 [3.6] vs 9.1 [0.5] W·kg−1, P < .001, d = 4.14) were higher than in the WAnT. The metabolic profiles of the CJ30 (aerobic energy = 20.00% [4.7%], anaerobic alactic energy [WPCr] = 45.6% [4.5%], anaerobic lactic energy = 34.4% [5.2%]) and the WAnT (aerobic energy = 16.0% [3.0%], anaerobic alactic WPCr = 34.5% [5.0%], anaerobic lactic energy = 49.5% [3.3%]) are highly anaerobic. Absolute energy contribution for the CJ30 and WAnT was equal in WPCr (49.9 [11.1] vs 50.2 [11.2] kJ), but anaerobic lactic energy (37.7 [7.7] vs 69.9 [5.3] kJ) and aerobic energy (20.6 [5.7] vs 23.0 [4.0] kJ) were higher in the WAnT. Mechanical efficiency was substantially higher in the CJ30 (37.9% [4.5%] vs 15.6% [1.0%], P < .001, d = 6.86), while the fatigue index was lower (18.5% [3.8%] vs 23.2% [3.1%], P < .001, d = −1.38) than in the WAnT. Conclusions: Although the anaerobic share in both tests is similar and predominant, the CJ30 primarily taxes the WPCr system, while the WAnT more strongly relies on the glycolytic pathway. Thus, the 2 tests should not be used interchangeably, and the type of locomotion seems crucial when choosing an anaerobic test for a specific sport.

scholarly journals Log-linear Adjusted Lower Limb Muscle Power of Boys and Girls

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Michael CHIA ◽  
Jin Jong QUEK
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Lower Limb Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Anaerobic Test

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The study investigated the log-linear muscle power of the lower limbs in a group of 13 to 14 year old boys and girls. Participants were 48 boys (stature: 1.69±0.05m; body mass: 57.9±11.8kg; lower limb muscle mass: 16.4±2.5kg) and 38 girls (stature: 1.59±0.06m; body mass: 57.7±7.6kg; lower limb muscle mass: 12.5±1.2kg). Lower limb muscle mass (LLMM) was determined using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometric (DEXA) procedure. Participants completed a 30s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) where peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) were expressed in relation to LLMM using log-linear adjustment procedures. Boys and girls had similar log-linear adjusted PP (495W vs. 488W, p>0.05) and MP (423W vs. 422W, p>0.05) when they were expressed in relation to LLMM. However, common b exponents that defined the allometric relationship between PP and MP, and LLMM in both boys and girls were 1.26 (SE 0.15), and 1.21 (SE 0.15), respectively. These were markedly different from the b exponent of 1.0 used in the ratio standard, or the 0.67 value predicted from geometric similarity theory. Despite a similar interpretation of data (i.e. no sex difference in lower limb muscle power in boys and girls) using either allometric modeling, allometric modeling of sample-specific exercise data is recommended to produce an appropriate size-independent variable, to allow appropriate comparisons in performance between boys and girls.本文以對數一線性修正法對13 — 14歲少年下肢力量進行了研究。測試對象為48名男孩(身高為1.69 ± 0.05米，體重為57.9 ± 11.8公斤，下肢去脂體重為16.4 ±2.5公斤）和38名女孩(身高為1.59 ± 0.06米，體重為57.7 ± 7.6公斤，下肢去脂體重為12.5 ± 1.2公斤）。以雙光能X光吸收儀(DEXA)測定受試者下肢的去脂體重。受試對象在自行車功率儀上完成30秒溫蓋特無氧功率測試 (Wingate Anaerobic Test, WAnT)，以對數-線性修正法表示最高功率和平均功率與下肢去脂體重的關係。其結果顯不，男孩與女孩的最高功率分別為495瓦與488瓦(p>0.05)，平均功率分別為423瓦與422瓦(p>0.05)。根據對數-線性修正法所得的最高功率和平均功率與下肢去脂體重關係的b指數分別1.26 (SE為0.15)與1.21 (SE為0.15)，男女相同。此結果與常用標準比b指數為1，或應用幾何相似理論推測值0.67等方法所得的結果明顯不同。應用異速生長模型(對數-線性修正法)可測得與其實驗對象和運動形式相適應的形態機體指標，因而可較正確地比較少年男女之間的運動能力。

scholarly journals LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN WINGATE ANAEROBIC TEST PERFORMANCE

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Armstrong ◽  
J. R. Welsman ◽  
B. J. Kirby ◽  
C. A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Anaerobic Test

scholarly journals The effect of motivational music on wingate anaerobic test performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özkan Işık ◽  
Yasin Ersöz ◽  
Murat Pazan ◽  
Yücel Ocak
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Anaerobic Test

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the motivational music on the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) performance. 16<strong> </strong>male<strong> </strong>students who studied at School of Physical Education and Sports, Kocatepe University participated in the study voluntarily. After demographic characteristics of the voluntaries [age, height, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI)] were measured without music (pre-test) and with motivational music [&gt;120 bpm (beats per minute)] conditions (post-test). For the analyses of the data; Wilcoxon Rank Test was used in order to detect the difference among the variables. As a result of the measurements taken in with and without music conditions; it was found out that there was a statistically significant difference on behalf of condition with music in terms of maximum anaerobic power (M<sub>ax</sub>AP), maximum anaerobic capacity (MAC), relative anaerobic power (RAP), relative anaerobic capacity (RAC) and fatigue index (FI) values (p&lt;0,05), while there was no statistically significant difference in terms of minimum anaerobic power (M<sub>in</sub>AP) values (p&gt;0,05). It was determined that the motivational music has positive effects on the WAnT performance. However; although it was seen that motivational music increased the WAnT performance, we were of the opinion that this effect emerged thanks to the increased psycho-physiological factors caused by music.

scholarly journals Effects of Acute Alcohol Consumption on Cycling Anaerobic Exercise Performance: A Randomized Crossover Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
Ting-Heng Chou ◽  
Chansol Hurr
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Anaerobic Test

PURPOSE: Some athletes consume alcohol prior to training and sports events, possibly because they believe that alcohol may aid in reducing pain and anxiety, increasing confidence, and promoting aggressiveness. While previous studies have shown that alcohol consumption acutely impairs endurance exercise performance, its effects on anaerobic exercise performance have not been well established. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of a small dose of alcohol on anaerobic exercise performance.METHODS: In a randomized crossover design, nine healthy and recreationally active males (n=6) and females (n=3) participated in the study. Subjects consumed 0.7 g of alcohol per kg of lean body mass or a calorie/volume-matched sucrose beverage. Reaction time tests were performed before and 25 minutes after beverage consumption. Following the second reaction time test, subjects performed the 20-second Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT).RESULTS: Compared to the sucrose drink, alcohol showed no significant effects on peak power (p=.903), average power (p=.970), percentage power drop during WAnT (p=.593), or total energy produced during WAnT (p=.923). Moreover, alcohol did not affect the time course of power output during a 20s WAnT (p=.999 for all time points). In addition, reaction time was not significantly different when comparing alcoholic with sucrose drinks at different timepoint (Before; p=.999, After; p=.364).CONCLUSIONS: Although some athletes consume alcohol prior to engaging in sports events, assuming that it may improve anaerobic exercise performance, the results of the present study show that acute consumption of alcohol does not have effects on anaerobic exercise performance when compared to the control beverage.

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