The Metabolic Relevance of Type of Locomotion in Anaerobic Testing: Bosco Continuous Jumping Test Versus Wingate Anaerobic Test of the Same Duration

Purpose: To evaluate the metabolic relevance of type of locomotion in anaerobic testing by analyzing and comparing the metabolic profile of the Bosco Continuous Jumping Test (CJ30) with the corresponding profile of the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Methods: A total of 11 well-trained, male team-sport athletes (age = 23.7 [2.2] y, height = 184.1 [2.8] cm, weight = 82.4 [6.4] kg) completed a CJ30 and WAnT each. During the WAnT, power data and revolutions per minute were recorded, and during the CJ30, jump height and jumping frequency were recorded. In addition, oxygen uptake and blood lactate concentration were assessed, and metabolic profiles were determined via the PCr-LA-O2 method. Results: In the CJ30, metabolic energy was lower (109.3 [18.0] vs 143.0 [13.1] kJ, P < .001, d = −2.302), while peak power (24.8 [4.4] vs 11.8 [0.5] W·kg−1, P < .001, d = 3.59) and mean power (20.8 [3.6] vs 9.1 [0.5] W·kg−1, P < .001, d = 4.14) were higher than in the WAnT. The metabolic profiles of the CJ30 (aerobic energy = 20.00% [4.7%], anaerobic alactic energy [WPCr] = 45.6% [4.5%], anaerobic lactic energy = 34.4% [5.2%]) and the WAnT (aerobic energy = 16.0% [3.0%], anaerobic alactic WPCr = 34.5% [5.0%], anaerobic lactic energy = 49.5% [3.3%]) are highly anaerobic. Absolute energy contribution for the CJ30 and WAnT was equal in WPCr (49.9 [11.1] vs 50.2 [11.2] kJ), but anaerobic lactic energy (37.7 [7.7] vs 69.9 [5.3] kJ) and aerobic energy (20.6 [5.7] vs 23.0 [4.0] kJ) were higher in the WAnT. Mechanical efficiency was substantially higher in the CJ30 (37.9% [4.5%] vs 15.6% [1.0%], P < .001, d = 6.86), while the fatigue index was lower (18.5% [3.8%] vs 23.2% [3.1%], P < .001, d = −1.38) than in the WAnT. Conclusions: Although the anaerobic share in both tests is similar and predominant, the CJ30 primarily taxes the WPCr system, while the WAnT more strongly relies on the glycolytic pathway. Thus, the 2 tests should not be used interchangeably, and the type of locomotion seems crucial when choosing an anaerobic test for a specific sport.

Download Full-text

The Assessment of Children’s Anaerobic Performance Using Modifications of the Wingate Anaerobic Test

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.9.1.80 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 80-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Michael Chia ◽

Neil Armstrong ◽

David Childs

Keyword(s):

Blood Lactate ◽

Peak Power ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Mean Power ◽

Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽

Power Outputs ◽

Anaerobic Test ◽

Peak Blood ◽

Peak Blood Lactate

Twenty-five girls and 25 boys (mean age 9.7 ± 0.3 years) each completed a 20- and 30-s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Oxygen uptake during the WAnTs, and postexercise blood lactate samples were obtained. Inertia and load-adjusted power variables were higher (18.6–20.1% for peak, and 6.7–7.5% for mean power outputs, p < .05) than the unadjusted values for both the 20- and 30-s WAnTs. The adjusted peak power values were higher (7.7–11.6%, p < .05) in both WAnTs when integrated over 1-s than over 5-s time periods. The aerobic contributions to the tests were lower (p < .05) in the 20-s WAnT (13.7–35.7%) than in the 30-s WAnT (17.7–44.3%) for assumed mechanical efficiencies of 13% and 30%. Postexercise blood lactate concentration after the WAnTs peaked by 2 min. No gender differences (p > .05) in anaerobic performances or peak blood lactate values were detected.

Download Full-text

A Comparison of Asynchronous and Synchronous Arm Cranking During the Wingate Test

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.6.3.419 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 419-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dale I. Lovell ◽

Dale Mason ◽

Elias Delphinus ◽

Chris McLellan

Keyword(s):

Blood Lactate ◽

Peak Power ◽

Anaerobic Power ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Wingate Test ◽

Mean Power ◽

Arm Cranking ◽

Minimum Power ◽

Time To Peak

Purpose:The aim of this study was to compare asynchronous (AS Y) arm cranking (cranks at 180° relative to each other) with synchronous (SYN) arm cranking (parallel crank setting) during the 30 s Wingate anaerobic test.Methods:Thirty-two physically active men (aged 22.1 ± 2.4 y) completed two Wingate tests (one ASY and one SYN) separated by 4 d in a randomized counterbalanced order. The Wingate tests were completed on a modified electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer. Performance measures assessed during the two tests include peak power, mean power, minimum power, time to peak power, rate to fatigue and maximum cadence (RPMmax). Blood lactate concentration was also measured before and 5 min after the tests.Results:Peak and mean power (both absolute and relative to body weight) during SYN arm cranking were significantly (p < 0.001) less than during ASY arm cranking. Rate to fatigue and RPMmax were also significantly (p = 0.012) lower during SYN arm cranking compared with ASY arm cranking. No significant difference was found between test conditions for minimum power, time to peak power or blood lactate concentration.Conclusions:These findings demonstrate that ASY arm cranking results in higher peak and mean anaerobic power compared with SYN arm cranking during the Wingate test. Therefore, an ASY arm crank configuration should be used to assess anaerobic power in most individuals although specific population groups may require further testing to determine which crank configuration is most suitable for the Wingate test.

Download Full-text

Does caffeine supplementation alter energy contribution during a work-based ~30 min cycling time-trial?

Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte ◽

10.11606/issn.1981-4690.v34i3p471-481 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 471-481

Author(s):

Gabriel Barreto ◽

Rafael Pires da Silva ◽

Guilherme Yamaguchi ◽

Luana Farias de Oliveira ◽

Vitor de Salles Painelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perceived Exertion ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Time Trial ◽

Energy System ◽

Energy Contribution ◽

Mean Power ◽

Double Blind ◽

Cycling Time Trial ◽

Cycling Time

Caffeine has been shown to increase anaerobic energy contribution during short-duration cycling time-trials (TT) though no information exists on whether caffeine alters energy contribution during more prolonged, aerobic type TTs. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of caffeine supplementation on longer and predominantly aerobic exercise. Fifteen recreationally-trained male cyclists (age 38±8 y, height 1.76±0.07 m, body mass 72.9±7.7 kg) performed a ~30 min cycling TT following either 6 mg·kg-1BM caffeine (CAF) or placebo (PLA) supplementation, and one control (CON) session without supplementation, in a double- -blind, randomised, counterbalance and cross-over design. Mean power output (MPO) was recorded as the outcome measure. Respiratory values were measured throughout exercise for the determination of energy system contribution. Data were analysed using mixed-models. CAF improved mean MPO compared to CON (P=0.01), and a trend towards an improvement compared to PLA (P=0.07); there was no difference in MPO at any timepoint throughout the exercise between conditions. There was a main effect of Condition (P=0.04) and Time (P<0.0001) on blood lactate concentration, which tended to be higher in CAF vs. both PLA and CON (Condition effect, both P=0.07). Ratings of perceived exertion increased over time (P<0.0001), with no effect of Condition or interaction (both P>0.05). Glycolytic energy contribution was increased in CAF compared to CON and PLA (both P<0.05), but not aerobic or ATP-CP (both P>0.05). CAF improved aerobic TT performance compared to CON, which could be explained by increased glycolytic energy contribution.

Download Full-text

Physiological and Competitive Characteristics of Professional Female Futsal Players

Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ ◽

10.17309/tmfv.2021.1.03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25

Author(s):

Tommy Apriantono ◽

Samsul Bahri ◽

Sri Ihsani Indah ◽

Bagus Winata

Keyword(s):

Perceived Exertion ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Aerobic Performance ◽

Anaerobic Performance ◽

Mean Power ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

Training Team

The study purpose was to examine the anaerobic and aerobic performance and also determine the influence of the anaerobic performance on specific movements during a match-play. Materials and methods. A total of 12 Indonesian professional female players from Bandung district female futsal club were recruited and enrolled to participate in this study. They were required to complete one familiarization and two experimental sessions. During the first session (laboratory test), all players performed a treadmill test to ascertain their maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max) and a running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) to measure their anaerobic performance. For the second session (on-court test), the participants played a simulated match on the court. A training team of 5 experts carried out an investigation regarding each player’s competitive performance per match. Furthermore, the blood lactate concentration and Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were assessed in the pre- and post-test for both sessions, which were separated by a week to enable the players to recover. Results. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the mean power (MP) and fatigue index (FI) (p = 0.425, p = 0.938, respectively) for anaerobic performance using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), although, the MP and FI of team C was lower compared to A and B. Furthermore, the total number of failed passes and shot off target of team C was larger compared to B and A (for failed passes = 30 vs 20 vs 25, for shot off target 14 vs 13 vs 8). Conclusions. The results obtained indicate that there are strong associations between anaerobic capacity and explosive movements (shooting, tackling, heading and passing) among female futsal players.

Download Full-text

Acute Effect of Quadriceps Myofascial Tissue Rolling Using A Mechanical Self-Myofascial Release Roller-Massager on Performance and Recovery in Young Elite Speed Skaters

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports7120246 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 246

Author(s):

Shaher A. I. Shalfawi ◽

Eystein Enoksen ◽

Håvard Myklebust

Keyword(s):

Blood Lactate ◽

Peak Power ◽

Subjective Experience ◽

Performance Test ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Time To Exhaustion ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Mean Power

Objectives: The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the acute effects of myofascial tissue rolling on endurance performance and recovery using a novel designed mechanical self-induced multi-bar roller-massager. Methods: a randomized crossover, repeated measure design was used. Eight national levelled, junior and neo-senior, speed skaters underwent a 10 min myofascial quadriceps rolling pre- and fifteen minutes post- a stepwise incremental cycling-test to exhaustion followed by a Wingate performance-test. The myofascial quadriceps rolling was used in one out of two laboratory testing-days. Time to exhaustion, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), blood lactate concentration during 30 min of recovery, and peak- and mean- power during the consecutive Wingate test were recorded. Results: Myofascial quadriceps rolling using roller-massager resulted in higher blood lactate concentration at exhaustion and a larger blood lactate clearance after 10 min to post exhaustion test (both p < 0.05), a tendency for a positive effect on Wingate peak-power (p = 0.084; d = 0.71), whereas no marked differences were observed on VO2peak, time to exhaustion and Wingate mean-power. Conclusion: Despite indications for potential benefits of the quadriceps myofascial tissue release using the mechanical self-induced multi-bar roller-massager on blood lactate concentration and Wingate peak-power, the myofascial tissue release gave no marked performance improvements nor indications of negative effects. Future studies could examine the long-term effects of myofascial tissue release on performance and recovery. Furthermore, integrating a measure of the participants’ subjective experience pre- and post the myofascial tissue release would be of great interest.

Download Full-text

Wingate Anaerobic Test Reference Values for Male Power Athletes

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.7.3.232 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 232-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Erin Coppin ◽

Edward M. Heath ◽

Eadric Bressel ◽

Dale R. Wagner

Keyword(s):

Athletic Training ◽

Reference Values ◽

Track And Field ◽

American Football ◽

Mean Power ◽

Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Male Power ◽

Training And Research ◽

Anaerobic Test

Purpose:The aim of this study was to develop reference values for the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) for peak power (PP), mean power (MP), and fatigue index (FI) in NCAA Division IA male athletes.Methods:Seventy-seven athletes (age 20.8 ± 1.8 y, mass 84.4 ± 9.4 kg, height 183.9 ± 6.2 cm) participating in American football (n = 52) and track and field (n = 25) performed a 30-s WAnT resisted at 0.085 kp/kg body mass (BM).Results:Absolute mean (± SD) values for PP and MP were 1084.2 ± 137.0 and 777.1 ± 80.9 W, respectively, whereas values normalized to BM were 12.9 ± 1.5 and 9.3 ± 0.9 W/kg BM, respectively. Mean FI values were 49.1% ± 8.4%. PP outputs >13.6, 12.4–13.6, and <12.4 W/kg BM were classified as high, medium, and low, respectively. MP outputs >9.8, 9.0–9.8, and <9.0 W/kg BM were classified as high, medium, and low, respectively.Conclusions:The reference values developed in this study can be used in various athletic training and research programs to more accurately assess athletes’ anaerobic fitness and to monitor changes resulting from anaerobic training.

Download Full-text

LOAD OPTIMIZATION FOR PEAK AND MEAN POWER OUTPUT ON THE WINGATE ANAEROBIC TEST

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-198904001-00164 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 21 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S28

Author(s):

K. Beld ◽

J. S. Skinner ◽

Z. V. Tran

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Mean Power ◽

Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽

Load Optimization ◽

Mean Power Output ◽

Anaerobic Test

Download Full-text

Preexercise Carbohydrate Consumption and Repeated Anaerobic Performance in Pre- and Early-Pubertal Boys

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.17.2.140 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 140-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andrea D. Marjerrison ◽

Jonah D. Lee ◽

Anthony D. Mahon

Keyword(s):

Peak Power ◽

Anaerobic Performance ◽

Mean Power ◽

Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Carbohydrate Consumption ◽

Pubertal Boys ◽

Anaerobic Test ◽

Placebo Drink ◽

Over Time

This study examined the effect of pre exercise carbohydrate (CHO) feeding on performance on a Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) in 11 boys (10.2 ± 1.3 y old). Four WAnTs with 2 min recovery were performed 30 min after consuming a CHO (1 g CHO/kg) or placebo drink. Peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) were similar between trials. PP ranged from 241.1 ± 82.2 to 223.1 ± 57.9 W with carbohydrate and from 238.2 ± 76.1 to 223.4 ± 52.3 W with placebo. MP ranged from 176.3 ± 58.4 to 151.1 ± 37.5 W with carbohydrate versus 178.0 ± 45.8 to 159.1 ± 32.7 W with placebo. Pre exercise glucose was significantly higher in CHO versus placebo (7.0 ± 1.0 vs. 5.5 ± 0.5 mmol/L), but post exercise values were not different. Blood lactate was similar between trials but increased over time. This study found that the ingestion of a CHO solution before exercise did not influence power output during repeated performances of the WAnT.

Download Full-text

Effects of supplementation with creatine monohydrate and beta-alanine, alone or combined, on repeated sprint performance and physiological parameters in amateur team and racket sport players

Kinesiology ◽

10.26582/k.52.1.15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 115-123

Author(s):

Anne Delextrat ◽

Nese Targen ◽

Georgina Impson-Davey ◽

Daniel Kapsis ◽

James Bateman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perceived Exertion ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Exercise Duration ◽

Creatine Monohydrate ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

Mean Power ◽

Beta Alanine ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

Racket Sport

The purpose of this study was to compare the combined effects of creatine monohydrate (Cr) and beta-alanine (BA) with their isolated use on performance and physiological parameters during repeated sprint sequences (RSS). Forty-four male (n=34) and female (n=10) amateur team- and racket sport players (25.1±3.1 years; 175.2±9.8 cm; 76.0±10.3 kg; 15.2±6.8% body fat) performed ten repetitions of 6-s sprints with departure every 30 s, before and after a 28-day supplementation period with either Cr (n=11, 5 g‧day-1), BA (n=10, 6 g‧day-1), combined Cr and BA (n=12, 5 g‧day-1 of Cr plus 6g‧day-1 of BA) or placebo (11 g‧day-1 of rice flour). Peak (PP) and mean power (MP), performance decrement (%Dec), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (LA) and perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the effects of groups (Cr, BA, CrBA, P), sprint number (1 to 10), and time (pre- vs. post-supplementation) on all variables. A significant increase in PP was shown in the post- compared to the pre-supplementation in Cr (+5.2%) and BA (+5.2%) groups only (p<.05), and significant decreases in MP in all groups (3.7% to 6.4%, p<.05), except BA. %Dec was significantly decreased post-supplementation in the Cr group only (17.4%, p<.05). No effects were shown on HR, RPE and LA (p<.05). These results show no additional benefits of the combination of Cr and BA on RSS performance and suggest that longer sprint or total exercise duration might be necessary to observe the benefits of the combined supplementation.

Download Full-text