scholarly journals Monitoring Fatigue During the In-Season Competitive Phase in Elite Soccer Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 958-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin T. Thorpe ◽  
Anthony J. Strudwick ◽  
Martin Buchheit ◽  
Greg Atkinson ◽  
Barry Drust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Daily Fluctuation ◽  
Daily Training ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose:To quantify the relationship between daily training load and a range of potential measures of fatigue in elite soccer players during an in-season competitive phase (17 d).Methods:Total high-intensity-running (THIR) distance, perceived ratings of wellness (fatigue, muscle soreness, sleep quality), countermovement-jump height (CMJ), postexercise heart-rate recovery (HRR), and heart-rate variability (Ln rMSSD) were analyzed during an in-season competitive period (17 d). General linear models were used to evaluate the influence of daily fluctuation in THIR distance on potential fatigue variables.Results:Fluctuations in fatigue (r = −.51, large, P < .001), Ln rMSSD (r = −.24, small, P = .04), and CMJ (r = .23, small, P = .04) were significantly correlated with fluctuations in THIR distance. Correlations between variability in muscle soreness, sleep quality, and HRR and THIR distance were negligible and not statistically significant.Conclusions:Perceived ratings of fatigue and Ln rMSSD were sensitive to daily fluctuations in THIR distance in a sample of elite soccer players. Therefore, these particular markers show promise as simple, noninvasive assessments of fatigue status in elite soccer players during a short in-season competitive phase.

scholarly journals The Influence of Changes in Acute Training Load on Daily Sensitivity of Morning-Measured Fatigue Variables in Elite Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (s2) ◽  
pp. S2-107-S2-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin T. Thorpe ◽  
Anthony J. Strudwick ◽  
Martin Buchheit ◽  
Greg Atkinson ◽  
Barry Drust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Daily Training ◽  
Submaximal Heart Rate

Purpose:To determine the sensitivity of a range of potential fatigue measures to daily training load accumulated over the previous 2, 3, and 4 d during a short in-season competitive period in elite senior soccer players (N = 10).Methods:Total highspeed-running distance, perceived ratings of wellness (fatigue, muscle soreness, sleep quality), countermovement-jump height (CMJ), submaximal heart rate (HRex), postexercise heart-rate recovery (HRR), and heart-rate variability (HRV: Ln rMSSD) were analyzed during an in-season competitive period (17 d). General linear models were used to evaluate the influence of 2-, 3-, and 4-d total high-speed-running-distance accumulation on fatigue measures.Results:Fluctuations in perceived ratings of fatigue were correlated with fluctuations in total high-speed-running-distance accumulation covered on the previous 2 d (r = –.31; small), 3 d (r = –.42; moderate), and 4 d (r = –.28; small) (P < .05). Changes in HRex (r = .28; small; P = .02) were correlated with changes in 4-d total high-speed-running-distance accumulation only. Correlations between variability in muscle soreness, sleep quality, CMJ, HRR%, and HRV and total high-speed-running distance were negligible and not statistically significant for all accumulation training loads.Conclusions:Perceived ratings of fatigue and HRex were sensitive to fluctuations in acute total high-speed-running-distance accumulation, although sensitivity was not systematically influenced by the number of previous days over which the training load was accumulated. The present findings indicate that the sensitivity of morning-measured fatigue variables to changes in training load is generally not improved when compared with training loads beyond the previous day’s training.

scholarly journals Tracking Morning Fatigue Status Across In-Season Training Weeks in Elite Soccer Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 947-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin T. Thorpe ◽  
Anthony J. Strudwick ◽  
Martin Buchheit ◽  
Greg Atkinson ◽  
Barry Drust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Weekly Cycle ◽  
English Premier League

Purpose:To quantify the mean daily changes in training and match load and any parallel changes in indicators of morningmeasured fatigue across in-season training weeks in elite soccer players.Methods:After each training session and match (TL), session ratings of perceived exertion (s-RPE) were recorded to calculate overall session load (RPE-TL) in 29 English Premier League players from the same team. Morning ratings of fatigue, sleep quality, and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), as well as submaximal exercise heart rate (HRex), postexercise heart-rate recovery (HRR%), and heart-rate variability (HRV) were recorded before match day and 1, 2, and 4 d postmatch. Data were collected for a median duration of 3 wk (range 1–13) and reduced to a typical weekly cycle including no midweek match and a weekend match day. Data were analyzed using withinsubject linear mixed models.Results:RPE-TL was approximately 600 arbitrary units (AU) (95% confidence interval 546–644) higher on match day than following day (P < .001). RPE-TL progressively decreased by »60 AU per day over the 3 days before a match (P < .05). Morning-measured fatigue, sleep quality, and DOMS tracked the changes in RPE-TL, being 35–40% worse on postmatch day vs prematch day (P < .001). Perceived fatigue, sleep quality, and DOMS improved by 17–26% from postmatch day to 3 d postmatch, with further smaller (7%–14%) improvements occurring between 4 d postmatch and prematch day (P < .01). There were no substantial or statistically significant changes in HRex, HRR%, or HRV over the weekly cycle (P > .05).Conclusions:Morning-measured ratings of fatigue, sleep quality, and DOMS are clearly more sensitive than HR-derived indices to the daily fluctuations in session load experienced by elite soccer players in a standard in-season week.

Blunted Heart Rate Recovery to Spontaneous Nocturnal Arousals in Short Sleeping Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy A. Bigalke ◽  
Ian M. Greenlund ◽  
Jennifer R. Nicevski ◽  
Carl A. Smoot ◽  
Benjamin Oosterhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Cardiac Reactivity ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
At Home

Chronic insufficient sleep is a common occurrence around the world, and results in numerous physiological detriments and consequences, including cardiovascular complications. The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between habitual total sleep time (TST) measured objectively via at-home actigraphy and heart rate (HR) reactivity to nocturnal cortical arousals. We hypothesized that short habitual TST would be associated with exaggerated cardiac reactivity to nocturnal cortical arousals. Participants included in 35 healthy individuals (20 male, 15 female, age: 24 ± 1, BMI: 27 ± 1 kg/m2), and were split using a median analysis into short (SS; n = 17) and normal sleeping (NS; n = 18) adults based on a minimum of 7 days of at-home actigraphy testing. All participants underwent a full overnight laboratory polysomnography (PSG) testing session, including continuous HR (electrocardiogram, ECG) sampling. HR reactivities to all spontaneous cortical arousals were assessed for 20 cardiac cycles following the onset of the arousal in all participants. Baseline HR was not significantly different between groups (P > .05). Spontaneous nocturnal arousal elicited an augmented HR response in the SS group, specifically during the recovery period [F (4.192, 134.134) = 3.413, p = .01]. There were no significant differences in HR reactivity between sexes [F (4.006, 128.189) = .429, p > .05]. These findings offer evidence of nocturnal cardiovascular dysregulation in habitual short sleepers, independent from any diagnosed sleep disorders.

The Relationships Between Training Load, Type of Sport, and Sleep Among High-Level Adolescent Athletes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anis Aloulou ◽  
Francois Duforez ◽  
Damien Léger ◽  
Quentin De Larochelambert ◽  
Mathieu Nedelec
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Academic Environment ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Daily Training ◽  
High Level ◽  
Age And Sex

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of sporting activities, training loads, and athletes’ characteristics on sleep among high-level adolescent athletes, in a controlled training and academic environment. Methods: A total of 128 high-level adolescent athletes (age = 15.2 [2.0] y), across 9 different sports, completed common sleep questionnaires and were monitored daily (7.3 [2.7] d) during a typical in-season training period. Sleep was analyzed using actigraphy and sleep diaries, whereas training load was evaluated using the session rating of perceived exertion, and muscle soreness and general fatigue were reported with the aid of visual analog scales. Separate linear mixed-effects models were fitted, including the athlete as a random effect and the following variables as fixed effects: the sport practiced (categorical predictor), daily training load, age, and sex. Different models were used to compare sleep variables among sports and to assess the influence of training load, age, and sex. Results: The mean total sleep time was 7.1 (0.7) hours. Swimmers presented increased sleep fragmentation, training loads, perceived muscle soreness, and general fatigue compared with athletes who engaged in other sports. Independent of any sport-specific effects, a higher daily training load induced an earlier bedtime and reduced total sleep time and perceived sleep quality, with higher sleep fragmentation. Moreover, female athletes experienced increased total sleep time and worse sleep quality in response to stress compared with those in males. Conclusion: In a controlled training and academic environment, high-level adolescent athletes did not achieve the recommended sleep duration. Impaired sleep quality and quantity could be partially explained by increased training loads.

scholarly journals The Reciprocal Association between Fitness Indicators and Sleep Quality in the Context of Recent Sport Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4810
Author(s):  
Vasileios T. Stavrou ◽  
Kyriaki Astara ◽  
Zoe Daniil ◽  
Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis ◽  
Konstantinos Kalabakas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Total Body

The purpose of the study is to investigate whether the oxygen uptake and heart rate at rest, in Greek professional soccer players, are affected by recent injuries, as well as how sleep quality is affected. Forty-two male professional soccer players were included in the study and divided into two groups: injurygroup (n = 22, age: 21.6 ± 5.4 years, body fat: 11.0 ± 3.9%, total body water: 64.0 ± 2.5%) and no-injurygroup (n = 20, age: 24.2 ± 5.6 years, body fat: 10.1 ± 2.8%, total body water: 64.3 ± 1.8%). The oxygen uptake at rest (VO2resting, mL/min/kg) and heart rate (HR, bpm) were recorded in the upright position for 3 min, and the predicted values were calculated. One hour before, the athletes answered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. The results showed a difference between groups (injurygroup vs. no-injurygroup) in VO2resting (7.5 ± 1.4 vs. 5.5 ± 1.2 mL/min/kg, p < 0.001) and percent of predicted values (92.5 ± 17.2 vs. 68.3 ± 14.6%, p < 0.001) and HR, such as beats per min (100.6 ± 12.8 vs. 93.1 ± 4.6 bpm, p = 0.001), percent of predicted values (50.7 ± 6.4 vs. 47.6 ± 2.8%, p = 0.003) and sleep quality score (PSQI: 4.9 ± 2.2 vs. 3.1 ± 0.9, p = 0.005). Anthropometric characteristics were not different between groups. Oxygen consumption and heart rate at rest are affected by the systemic adaptations due to injury. These pathophysiological changes probably relate to increased blood flow in an attempt to restore the injury area.

Submaximal Markers of Fatigue and Overreaching; Implications for Monitoring Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (09) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Siegl ◽  
Elisa M. Kösel ◽  
Nicholas Tam ◽  
Susanne Koschnick ◽  
Nelleke Langerak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Early Symptoms ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Trained Runners

AbstractThe regular monitoring of athletes is important to fine-tune training and detect early symptoms of overreaching. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine if a noninvasive submaximal running test could reflect a state of overreaching. 14 trained runners completed a noninvasive Lamberts Submaximal Running Test, one week before and 2 days after finishing an ultramarathon, and delayed onset of muscle soreness and the daily analysis of life demands for athletes questionnaire were also captured. After the ultramarathon, submaximal heart rate was lower at 70% (−3 beats) and 85% of peak treadmill running speed (P<0.01). Ratings of perceived exertion were higher at 60% (2 units) and 85% (one unit) of peak treadmill running speed, while 60-second heart rate recovery was significantly faster (7 beats, P<0.001). Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness scores and the number of symptoms of stress (Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes) were also higher after the ultramarathon (P<0.01). The current study shows that the Lamberts Submaximal Running Test is able to reflect early symptoms of overreaching. Responses to acute fatigue and overreaching were characterized by counterintuitive responses, such as lower submaximal heart rates and faster heart rate recovery, while ratings of perceived exertion were higher.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Heart Rate Recovery and Heart Rate Variability in Coronary Artery Disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harun Evrengul ◽  
Halil Tanriverdi ◽  
Sedat Kose ◽  
Basri Amasyali ◽  
Ayhan Kilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Intra- and Inter-week Variations of Well-Being Across a Season: A Cohort Study in Elite Youth Male Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Maryam Fani ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Jorge Carlos-Vivas ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Delayed Onset

This study describes the weekly variations of well-being ratings relative to fatigue (wFatigue), stress (wStress), delayed-onset muscle soreness (wDOMS), sleep quality (wSleep), and Hooper questionnaire (wHQ) throughout the season. In addition, the well-being variables for the playing position in different moments of the season were discussed. Twenty-one elite young soccer players U17 took part in this study. From the beginning of the pre-season, well-being status was monitored daily by the HQ method throughout 36 weeks, including four periods: (1) pre-season, (2) early-season, (3) mid-season, and (4) end-season. Players trained at least 3 times per week throughout the season. The main outcome was that, in weeks 33 and 28, the highest [wFatigue: 15.85 ± 3.38 arbitrary units (AU); wHQ: 48.86 ± 9.23 AU] and the lowest (wFatigue: 5.38 ± 1.88 AU; wHQ: 20.43 ± 5.49 AU) wFatigue and wHQ occurred, respectively, although the lowest level of wDOMS happened in week 28 (4.86 ± 2.15 AU), while the highest wDOMS was observed in week 5 (14.65 ± 4.16 AU). The highest wSleep (13.00 ± 2.12 AU) and wStress (11.65 ± 2.92 AU) were observed in weeks 8 and 34, respectively, while the lowest wSleep (5.81 ± 2.29 AU) and wStress (3.76 ± 0.94 AU) were marked in week 29 coincidentally. In the HQ between every weekday, except recovery day, and the day of the match (MD), considerable highest HQ was only revealed in 2 days after MD in contrast to overall team comparison. In the present study, we observed that the well-being changes between different phases of the season as well as between weeks and days of the week with the MD are significant. These results provide a great point of view for coaches and practitioners about well-being variations over a season in elite youth soccer level. As a result, coaches will be more aware about non-functional overreaching and taking measures to prevent it.

scholarly journals Estimation of the workload in horses during an eventing competition

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Valle ◽  
R. Odore ◽  
P.R. Zanatta ◽  
P. Badino ◽  
C. Girardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Curve Estimation ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise ◽  
Show Jumping ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to evaluate workload using suitable parameters related to the physical effort exerted by horses involved in eventing competitions in order to describe the workload intensity and energy demands placed upon such horses. Heart rate (HR), running speed (S), distance covered (Dist), performance duration (D) and blood lactate (Lact) concentrations were measured in horses competing at either the intermediate level (IL) or advanced level (AL) in order to identify workload differences between experience classes. Ten warmblood horses were monitored during an official two-day eventing competition; mean HR (HRmean, bpm), maximum HR (HRmax, bpm), mean S (Smean, m/min), max S (Smax, m/min), D (min) and Dist (m) were assessed during the warm-up and competition phases of each eventing test (dressage, show jumping, cross country). To calculate heart rate recovery (HRR), HR data were collected within the first 3 minutes following the completion of each of the 3 competition phases. Energy expenditure (EE) was estimated using the HR/VO2 relationship. Differences between the groups (AL vs. IL) in HRmean, HRmax, %HRmean, %HRpeak (HR expressed as a percentage of the maximum HR peak obtained during a fast gallop training session), S, D, and Dist were assessed using one-tailed unpaired t-tests for both warmup and competition phases; also differences for EE were evaluated. The relationship between HR and S was also determined for warm-up and competition phases using one-tailed Person's correlations. The relationship between HR decrease during the first 3 min following competition phase completion and recovery time was investigated by multiple nonlinear curve estimation procedures. The results reveal the cross country test to be the most demanding of the eventing competition, requiring significantly greater levels of muscular and energetic effort, in terms of Lact production and EE, with higher values recorded in the AL horses compared to IL horses. The data also show that riders need to optimise warm-up duration and quality in accordance with their competition category. The calculation of HRR is also shown to be an appropriate approach for gauging workload after high-intensity exercise, but not after low-intensity exercise since HRR may be influenced by external factors, like how excited a horse is.

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