scholarly journals Contextualizing Parasympathetic Hyperactivity in Functionally Overreached Athletes With Perceptions of Training Tolerance

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clint R. Bellenger ◽  
Laura Karavirta ◽  
Rebecca L. Thomson ◽  
Eileen Y. Robertson ◽  
Kade Davison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Mean Square Difference ◽  
And Training ◽  
Heavy Training

Purpose:Heart-rate variability (HRV) as a measure of autonomic function may increase in response to training interventions leading to increases or decreases in performance, making HRV interpretation difficult in isolation. This study aimed to contextualize changes in HRV with subjective measures of training tolerance.Methods:Supine and standing measures of vagally mediated HRV (root-mean-square difference of successive normal RR intervals [RMSSD]) and measures of training tolerance (Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes questionnaire, perception of energy levels, fatigue, and muscle soreness) were recorded daily during 1 wk of light training (LT), 2 wk of heavy training (HT), and 10 d of tapering (T) in 15 male runners/triathletes. HRV and training tolerance were analyzed as rolling 7-d averages at LT, HT, and T. Performance was assessed after LT, HT, and T with a 5-km treadmill time trial (5TTT).Results:Time to complete the 5TTT likely increased after HT (effect size [ES] ± 90% confidence interval = 0.16 ± 0.06) and then almost certainly decreased after T (ES = −0.34 ± 0.08). Training tolerance worsened after HT (ES ≥ 1.30 ± 0.41) and improved after T (ES ≥ 1.27 ± 0.49). Standing RMSSD very likely increased after HT (ES = 0.62 ± 0.26) and likely remained higher than LT at the completion of T (ES = 0.38 ± 0.21). Changes in supine RMSSD were possible or likely trivial.Conclusion:Vagally mediated HRV during standing increased in response to functional overreaching (indicating potential parasympathetic hyperactivity) and also to improvements in performance. Thus, additional measures such as training tolerance are required to interpret changes in vagally mediated HRV.

scholarly journals The Impact of Functional Overreaching on Post-exercise Parasympathetic Reactivation in Runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clint R. Bellenger ◽  
Rebecca L. Thomson ◽  
Kade Davison ◽  
Eileen Y. Robertson ◽  
Jonathan D. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Parasympathetic Reactivation ◽  
Mean Square Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Heavy Training

While post-exercise heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) has been shown to increase in response to training leading to improvements in performance, the effect of training leading to decrements in performance (i.e., overreaching) on this parameter has been largely ignored. This study evaluated the effect of heavy training leading to performance decrements on sub-maximal post-exercise HRV. Running performance [5 km treadmill time-trial (5TTT)], post-exercise HRV [root-mean-square difference of successive normal R-R intervals (RMSSD)] and measures of subjective training tolerance (Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes “worse than normal” scores) were assessed in 11 male runners following 1 week of light training (LT), 2 weeks of heavy training (HT) and a 10 day taper (T). Post-exercise RMSSD was assessed following 5 min of running exercise at an individualised speed eliciting 85% of peak HR. Time to complete 5TTT likely increased following HT (ES = 0.14 ± 0.03; p < 0.001), and then almost certainly decreased following T (ES = −0.30 ± 0.07; p < 0.001). Subjective training tolerance worsened after HT (ES = −2.54 ± 0.62; p = 0.001) and improved after T (ES = 2.16 ± 0.64; p = 0.004). In comparison to LT, post-exercise RMSSD likely increased at HT (ES = 0.65 ± 0.55; p = 0.06), and likely decreased at T (ES = −0.69 ± 0.45; p = 0.02). A moderate within-subject correlation was found between 5TTT and post-exercise RMSSD (r = 0.47 ± 0.36; p = 0.03). Increased post-exercise RMSSD following HT demonstrated heightened post-exercise parasympathetic modulation in functionally overreached athletes. Heightened post-exercise RMSSD in this context appears paradoxical given this parameter also increases in response to improvements in performance. Thus, additional measures such as subjective training tolerance are required to interpret changes in post-exercise RMSSD.

scholarly journals A Trigonometric Projection Method for Overcoming High Intensity Heart Rate Caused Waveform Deformation in Electrocardiogram Biometrics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsu-Wang Shen ◽  
Shan-Chun Chang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Biometric Technology ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Electrocardiogram Signal ◽  
Mean Square Difference ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Abstract Purpose Although electrocardiogram (ECG) has been proven as a biometric for human identification, applying biometric technology remains challenging with diverse heart rate circumstances in which high intensity heart rate caused waveform deformation may not be known in advance when ECG templates are registered. Methods A calibration method that calculates the ratio of the length of an unidentified electrocardiogram signal to the length of an electrocardiogram template is proposed in this paper. Next, the R peak is used as an axis anchor point of a trigonometric projection (TP) to attain the displacement value. Finally, the unidentified ECG signal is calibrated according to the generated trigonometric value, which corresponds to the trigonometric projection degree of the ratio and the attained displacement measurement. Results The results reveal that the proposed method provides superior overall performance compared with that of the conventional downsampling method, based on the percentage root mean square difference (PRD), correlation coefficients, and mean square error (MSE). Conclusion The curve fitting equation directly maps from the heart rate levels to the TP degree without prior registration information. The proposed ECG calibration method offers a more robust system against heart rate interference when conducting ECG identification.

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness and Training

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Byrnes ◽  
Priscilla M. Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
And Training

Abstract 302: Negative Effects of Fludrocortisone Treatment in Adolescents with POTS and Syncope

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam A Shaltout ◽  
John E Fortunato ◽  
Debra I Diz
Keyword(s):  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Tilt Test ◽  
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Treatment Support ◽  
Pharmacologic Agents ◽  
Upright Tilt

Fludrocortisone (Florinef) is commonly used to treat symptoms associated with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). We have previously shown that Florinef treatment in children with POTS improved the changes in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and heart rate variability (HRV) measured as the root of mean square of successive differences (rMSSD) during upright tilt compared to untreated children with POTS. We noticed that a subgroup of our patients experienced POTS symptoms followed by syncope at later time points during the 45 min tilt test in both Florinef treated and untreated groups. We stratified based on syncope and compared the effect of Florinef treatment on both groups. Of the 32 POTS patients studied (15.0 ± 0.6 yrs old), 14 were treated with Florinef of whom 5 had syncope, and 18 were untreated of whom 5 had syncope. In the non-syncopal group, subjects treated with Florinef for a minimum of 4 wks compared with untreated POTS without syncope had similar baseline supine measures of MAP, HR, BRS and HRV before tilt, and less reduction in BRS during tilt measured as Seq UP (-7.1 ± 2.5 vs -15.1 ± 3.5 ms/mmHg; p<0.03), a trend for less attenuation in HRV (-22.4 ± 6.4 vs -35.3 ± 6.3 ms; p<0.07) and reduced tachycardia with tilt (25 ± 6 vs 38 ± 4 beats/min; p<0.02) compared with the untreated group. Meanwhile, in the syncopal group, Florinef-treated patients at baseline in the supine position before tilt had worse BRS function measured as Seq UP compared to untreated (11.9 ± 2.2 vs 26.0 ± 6.7 ms/mm Hg; p<0.04), a tendency for lower HRV (40.8 ± 7 vs 61.2 ± 12 ms; p<0.08) and higher HR (82 ± 3 vs 65 ± 7 beats/min; p<0.02) than untreated POTS patients with syncope. In contrast to non-syncopal POTS, the HR increase during tilt in syncopal POTS subjects was not reduced by the Florinef. The impairments in baseline supine autonomic function in POTS with syncope patients treated with Florinef relative to untreated patients and lack of improvement in the performance upon upright tilt suggests that POTS patients should be stratified by syncope status during the tilt test prior to assigning this treatment regimen. Additional studies are needed to better define these patients and to determine if other pharmacologic agents would provide a more optimal treatment. Support: AHA12CRP9420029

The Template Matching Research Based on Multiple Images Fusion

2013 ◽  
Vol 655-657 ◽  
pp. 993-999
Author(s):  
Chang Jie Liu ◽  
Jia Jing Pi ◽  
Sheng Hua Ye
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Template Matching ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Multiple Images ◽  
Online Monitoring System ◽  
Mean Square Difference

Visual inspection has been widely used in the field of automobile industry. On a car production line, we use an online monitoring system to measure the same feature region of a work piece. Traditionally one picture is chosen as the template and used for other target measurements. However, this method tends to causing measurement error. In this paper a new algorithm is proposed which can generate a better template by multiple pictures. The process is as following: we firstly match the feature area; secondly, the gray information of this area is segmented; then after optimizing a new template is finally formed. The experimental results show that the NMSD (Normalized Mean Square Difference) is 0.0047 when we use the old template to match 10 pictures, but with the new one, the NMSD is only 0.0005. These results show that the new template is more accurate and stable.

An Efficient Computational Numerical Approach For Nonlinear Mathematical Influenza Disease Modelling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulqurnain Sabir ◽  
Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja ◽  
Mohamed R. Ali ◽  
Adnène Arbi ◽  
Muhammad Kristiawan
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Scheme ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Disease Modelling ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Levenberg Marquardt ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
And Training

Abstract In this study, an advanced computational numerical scheme based on the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation (LMB) neural network (NN) process, i.e., LMB-NN is presented for solving the nonlinear mathematical influenza disease model. The nonlinear mathematical influenza disease model depends on four categories named susceptible S(t), infected I(t), recovered R(t) and cross-immune individuals proportion C(t). Six different cases of the nonlinear mathematical influenza disease model have been numerically treated using the LMB-NN process and the comparison of the results has been presented by using the reference data-based solutions designed based on the Adams results. The numerically obtained results of the nonlinear mathematical influenza disease model using the verification, testing, and training procedures are calculated using the LMB-NN process to reduce the functions of mean square error (MSE). For the correctness, competence, effectiveness, and efficiency of the LMB-NN process, the proportional and analysis methods are performed using the analysis of correlation, MSE results, error histograms and regression.

Bernoulli's Chaotic Map-Based 2D ECG Image Steganography

2019 ◽  
pp. 208-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anukul Pandey ◽  
Barjinder Singh Saini ◽  
Butta Singh ◽  
Neetu Sood
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Chaotic Map ◽  
Image Steganography ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Mean Square Difference ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Ecg Steganography

Signal processing technology comprehends fundamental theory and implementations for processing data. The processed data is stored in different formats. The mechanism of electrocardiogram (ECG) steganography hides the secret information in the spatial or transformed domain. Patient information is embedded into the ECG signal without sacrificing the significant ECG signal quality. The chapter contributes to ECG steganography by investigating the Bernoulli's chaotic map for 2D ECG image steganography. The methodology adopted is 1) convert ECG signal into the 2D cover image, 2) the cover image is loaded to steganography encoder, and 3) secret key is shared with the steganography decoder. The proposed ECG steganography technique stores 1.5KB data inside ECG signal of 60 seconds at 360 samples/s, with percentage root mean square difference of less than 1%. This advanced 2D ECG steganography finds applications in real-world use which includes telemedicine or telecardiology.

Critical Behavioral Competencies for IT Project Managers

2012 ◽  
pp. 165-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Taylor ◽  
Jill Palzkill Woelfer
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
It Project Management ◽  
Management Competencies ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
It Project ◽  
Key Competencies ◽  
And Training ◽  
Critical Situations ◽  
Behavioral Competencies

What behavioral competencies do experienced IT project managers apply when facing critical situations in their projects, and how have they developed those competencies? In this paper, the authors answer these questions. The authors interviewed 23 experienced IT project managers from 11 organizations, focusing on critical situations that they now managed differently from their earlier, novice, practices, and on how they had learned to develop these different approaches. The authors discuss a variety of management development and training interventions. They use a thematic analysis to identify the key competencies being applied and learning methods experienced by this set of managers. Results suggest that IT project managers are drawing on a different set of competencies from those required for project management in other industries. Additionally, this paper reveals the importance of informal learning channels, often involving project experiences, for the development of IT project management competencies.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of the Surface Inshore Labrador Current from SWOT Sea Surface Height Measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Ma ◽  
Guoqi Han
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Sea Surface Height ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Root Mean Square Difference ◽  
Optimal Interpolation ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Labrador Current ◽  
Mean Square Difference

Utilizing a high-resolution (2-km) coastal ocean model output off Eastern Newfoundland, this paper explores the potential for reconstructing the sea surface height (SSH) and the surface inshore Labrador Current from high-resolution SSH data of the upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission. The model results are evaluated against in-situ data from tide gauges and nadir altimetry for the period from June to October, 2010. The hourly model SSH output is used as true SSH and sampled along-swath with expected measurement errors by using a SWOT simulator, which produces SWOT-like data. We reconstruct half-day SSH fields from the SWOT-like data using optimal interpolation and average them into weekly fields. The average normalized root-mean-square difference between the weekly reconstructed SSH field and the model SSH filed is 0.07 for the inshore Labrador Current. Between the geostrophic surface current derived from the reconstructed SSH field and the model surface current, the average normalized root-mean-square difference is 0.26 for the inshore Labrador Current. For the surface unit-depth transport of the inshore Labrador Current, the normalized root-mean-square differences are 0.32–0.38 between the reconstructed current and the model current.

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