scholarly journals Recovery From Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: Cold-Water Immersion Versus Whole-Body Cryotherapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd-Elbasset Abaïdia ◽  
Julien Lamblin ◽  
Barthélémy Delecroix ◽  
Cédric Leduc ◽  
Alan McCall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Whole Body Cryotherapy

Purpose:To compare the effects of cold-water immersion (CWI) and whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) on recovery kinetics after exercise-induced muscle damage.Methods:Ten physically active men performed single-leg hamstring eccentric exercise comprising 5 sets of 15 repetitions. Immediately postexercise, subjects were exposed in a randomized crossover design to CWI (10 min at 10°C) or WBC (3 min at –110°C) recovery. Creatine kinase concentrations, knee-flexor eccentric (60°/s) and posterior lower-limb isometric (60°) strength, single-leg and 2-leg countermovement jumps, muscle soreness, and perception of recovery were measured. The tests were performed before and immediately, 24, 48, and 72 h after exercise.Results:Results showed a very likely moderate effect in favor of CWI for single-leg (effect size [ES] = 0.63; 90% confidence interval [CI] = –0.13 to 1.38) and 2-leg countermovement jump (ES = 0.68; 90% CI = –0.08 to 1.43) 72 h after exercise. Soreness was moderately lower 48 h after exercise after CWI (ES = –0.68; 90% CI = –1.44 to 0.07). Perception of recovery was moderately enhanced 24 h after exercise for CWI (ES = –0.62; 90% CI = –1.38 to 0.13). Trivial and small effects of condition were found for the other outcomes.Conclusions:CWI was more effective than WBC in accelerating recovery kinetics for countermovement-jump performance at 72 h postexercise. CWI also demonstrated lower soreness and higher perceived recovery levels across 24–48 h postexercise.

Dissociated Time Course Response of Muscle Damage Recovery After Whole-body Cryotherapy and Cold-water Immersion

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Martim Bottaro ◽  
João Batista Ferreira-Junior ◽  
Amilton Vieira ◽  
Angelina F. Siqueira ◽  
João Durigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Cryotherapy

Does Cold-Water Immersion After Strength Training Attenuate Training Adaptation?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Wigand Poppendieck ◽  
Melissa Wegmann ◽  
Anne Hecksteden ◽  
Alexander Darup ◽  
Jan Schimpchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Training Adaptations

Purpose: Cold-water immersion is increasingly used by athletes to support performance recovery. Recently, however, indications have emerged suggesting that the regular use of cold-water immersion might be detrimental to strength training adaptation. Methods: In a randomized crossover design, 11 participants performed two 8-week training periods including 3 leg training sessions per week, separated by an 8-week “wash out” period. After each session, participants performed 10 minutes of either whole-body cold-water immersion (cooling) or passive sitting (control). Leg press 1-repetition maximum and countermovement jump performance were determined before (pre), after (post) and 3 weeks after (follow-up) both training periods. Before and after training periods, leg circumference and muscle thickness (vastus medialis) were measured. Results: No significant effects were found for strength or jump performance. Comparing training adaptations (pre vs post), small and negligible negative effects of cooling were found for 1-repetition maximum (g = 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.42 to 1.26) and countermovement jump (g = 0.02; 95% CI, −0.82 to 0.86). Comparing pre versus follow-up, moderate negative effects of cooling were found for 1-repetition maximum (g = 0.71; 95% CI, −0.30 to 1.72) and countermovement jump (g = 0.64; 95% CI, −0.36 to 1.64). A significant condition × time effect (P = .01, F = 10.00) and a large negative effect of cooling (g = 1.20; 95% CI, −0.65 to 1.20) were observed for muscle thickness. Conclusions: The present investigation suggests small negative effects of regular cooling on strength training adaptations.

scholarly journals Cryotherapy Models and Timing-Sequence Recovery of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-335
Author(s):  
Chaoyi Qu ◽  
Zhaozhao Wu ◽  
Minxiao Xu ◽  
Fei Qin ◽  
Yanan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Recovery Methods

Context Among sports-recovery methods, cold-water immersion (CWI), contrast-water therapy (CWT), and whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) have been applied widely to enhance recovery after strenuous exercise. However, the different timing effects in exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) after these recovery protocols remain unknown. Objective To compare the effects of CWI, CWT, and WBC on the timing-sequence recovery of EIMD through different indicator responses. Design Crossover study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Twelve male middle- and long-distance runners from the Beijing Sport University (age = 21.00 ± 0.95 years). Intervention(s) Participants were treated with different recovery methods (control [CON], CWI, CWT, WBC) immediately postexercise and at 24, 48, and 72 hours postexercise. Main Outcome Measure(s) We measured perceived sensation using a visual analog scale (VAS), plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) activity, and vertical-jump height (VJH) pre-exercise, immediately postexercise, and at 1, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours postexercise. Results For the VAS score and CK activity, WBC exhibited better timing-sequence recovery effects than CON and CWI (P < .05), but the CWT demonstrated better effects than CON (P < .05). The CRP activity was lower after WBC than after the other interventions (P < .05). The VJH was lower after WBC than after CON and CWI (P < .05). Conclusions The WBC positively affected VAS, CK, CRP, and VJH associated with EIMD. The CWT and CWI also showed positive effects. However, for the activity and timing-sequence effect, CWT had weaker effects than WBC.

scholarly journals Acute Whole-Body Cooling for Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia: A Systematic Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendon P. McDermott ◽  
Douglas J. Casa ◽  
Matthew S. Ganio ◽  
Rebecca M. Lopez ◽  
Susan W. Yeargin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Induced Hyperthermia ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Whole Body Cooling ◽  
Ice Water

Abstract Objective: To assess existing original research addressing the efficiency of whole-body cooling modalities in the treatment of exertional hyperthermia. Data Sources: During April 2007, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, SportDiscus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Reviews databases as well as ProQuest for theses and dissertations to identify research studies evaluating whole-body cooling treatments without limits. Key words were cooling, cryotherapy, water immersion, cold-water immersion, ice-water immersion, icing, fanning, bath, baths, cooling modality, heat illness, heat illnesses, exertional heatstroke, exertional heat stroke, heat exhaustion, hyperthermia, hyperthermic, hyperpyrexia, exercise, exertion, running, football, military, runners, marathoner, physical activity, marathoning, soccer, and tennis. Data Synthesis: Two independent reviewers graded each study on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Seven of 89 research articles met all inclusion criteria and a minimum score of 4 out of 10 on the PEDro scale. Conclusions: After an extensive and critical review of the available research on whole-body cooling for the treatment of exertional hyperthermia, we concluded that ice-water immersion provides the most efficient cooling. Further research comparing whole-body cooling modalities is needed to identify other acceptable means. When ice-water immersion is not possible, continual dousing with water combined with fanning the patient is an alternative method until more advanced cooling means can be used. Until future investigators identify other acceptable whole-body cooling modalities for exercise-induced hyperthermia, ice-water immersion and cold-water immersion are the methods proven to have the fastest cooling rates.

scholarly journals Chemically Activated Cooling Vest’s Effect on Cooling Rate Following Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia: A Randomized Counter-Balanced Crossover Study

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Yuri Hosokawa ◽  
Luke N. Belval ◽  
William M. Adams ◽  
Lesley W. Vandermark ◽  
Douglas J. Casa
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Exercise Induced

Background and objectives: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a potentially lethal, hyperthermic condition that warrants immediate cooling to optimize the patient outcome. The study aimed to examine if a portable cooling vest meets the established cooling criteria (0.15 °C·min−1 or greater) for EHS treatment. It was hypothesized that a cooling vest will not meet the established cooling criteria for EHS treatment. Materials and Methods: Fourteen recreationally active participants (mean ± SD; male, n = 8; age, 25 ± 4 years; body mass, 86.7 ± 10.5 kg; body fat, 16.5 ± 5.2%; body surface area, 2.06 ± 0.15 m2. female, n = 6; 22 ± 2 years; 61.3 ± 6.7 kg; 22.8 ± 4.4%; 1.66 ± 0.11 m2) exercised on a motorized treadmill in a hot climatic chamber (ambient temperature 39.8 ± 1.9 °C, relative humidity 37.4 ± 6.9%) until they reached rectal temperature (TRE) >39 °C (mean TRE, 39.59 ± 0.38 °C). Following exercise, participants were cooled using either a cooling vest (VEST) or passive rest (PASS) in the climatic chamber until TRE reached 38.25 °C. Trials were assigned using randomized, counter-balanced crossover design. Results: There was a main effect of cooling modality type on cooling rates (F[1, 24] = 10.46, p < 0.01, η2p = 0.30), with a greater cooling rate observed in VEST (0.06 ± 0.02 °C·min−1) than PASS (0.04 ± 0.01 °C·min−1) (MD = 0.02, 95% CI = [0.01, 0.03]). There were also main effects of sex (F[1, 24] = 5.97, p = 0.02, η2p = 0.20) and cooling modality type (F[1, 24] = 4.38, p = 0.047, η2p = 0.15) on cooling duration, with a faster cooling time in female (26.9 min) than male participants (42.2 min) (MD = 15.3 min, 95% CI = [2.4, 28.2]) and faster cooling duration in VEST than PASS (MD = 13.1 min, 95% CI = [0.2, 26.0]). An increased body mass was associated with a decreased cooling rate in PASS (r = −0.580, p = 0.03); however, this association was not significant in vest (r = −0.252, p = 0.39). Conclusions: Although VEST exhibited a greater cooling capacity than PASS, VEST was far below an acceptable cooling rate for EHS treatment. VEST should not replace immediate whole-body cold-water immersion when EHS is suspected.

scholarly journals Effect of the Depth of Cold Water Immersion on Sleep Architecture and Recovery Among Well-Trained Male Endurance Runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Chauvineau ◽  
Florane Pasquier ◽  
Vincent Guyot ◽  
Anis Aloulou ◽  
Mathieu Nedelec
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Partial Body ◽  
Endurance Runners

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the depth of cold water immersion (CWI) (whole-body with head immersed and partial-body CWI) after high-intensity, intermittent running exercise on sleep architecture and recovery kinetics among well-trained runners.Methods: In a randomized, counterbalanced order, 12 well-trained male endurance runners (V.O2max = 66.0 ± 3.9 ml·min−1·kg−1) performed a simulated trail (≈18:00) on a motorized treadmill followed by CWI (13.3 ± 0.2°C) for 10 min: whole-body immersion including the head (WHOLE; n = 12), partial-body immersion up to the iliac crest (PARTIAL; n = 12), and, finally, an out-of-water control condition (CONT; n = 10). Markers of fatigue and muscle damage—maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), countermovement jump (CMJ), plasma creatine kinase [CK], and subjective ratings—were recorded until 48 h after the simulated trail. After each condition, nocturnal core body temperature (Tcore) was measured, whereas sleep and heart rate variability were assessed using polysomnography.Results: There was a lower Tcore induced by WHOLE than CONT from the end of immersion to 80 min after the start of immersion (p &lt; 0.05). Slow-wave sleep (SWS) proportion was higher (p &lt; 0.05) during the first 180 min of the night in WHOLE compared with PARTIAL. WHOLE and PARTIAL induced a significant (p &lt; 0.05) decrease in arousal for the duration of the night compared with CONT, while only WHOLE decreased limb movements compared with CONT (p &lt; 0.01) for the duration of the night. Heart rate variability analysis showed a significant reduction (p &lt; 0.05) in RMSSD, low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF) in WHOLE compared with both PARTIAL and CONT during the first sequence of SWS. No differences between conditions were observed for any markers of fatigue and muscle damage (p &gt; 0.05) throughout the 48-h recovery period.Conclusion: WHOLE reduced arousal and limb movement and enhanced SWS proportion during the first part of the night, which may be particularly useful in the athlete's recovery process after exercise. Future studies are, however, required to assess whether such positive sleep outcomes may result in overall recovery optimization.

scholarly journals The effects of tow protocol cold water immersion on the post match recovery and physical performance in well-trained handball players

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 288-295
Author(s):  
M. Mokhtar ◽  
B. Adel ◽  
B. Wahib ◽  
A. Hocine ◽  
B. Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Intense Training ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
High Level ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare two cold water immersion (CWI) protocols, continuous and fractionated, to optimize the recovery of Handball players after on recovery from exercise resulting in exercise-induced muscle damage. Material: Ten male Handball players (age: 15 ± 1.4 years, mass index: 67.2 ± 5.1 kg, height: 176.6 ± 7.30) voluntarily participated in the study. After three 90-minute training sessions (average heart rate 160 ± 15.81, 156 ± 5.53 and 156 ± 12.24 bpm) per week, participants were divided into 03 groups. The first experimental group (GE1) in continuous immersion (CWIC) of (12 minutes, 12± 0.4° C), a second experimental group (GE2) in fractional immersion (CWIF) of (4 x 2 min at 12 ± 0.4° C + 1 min out of water) and a control group (GC) in passive recovery. Body mass indices (BMI), countermovement (Countermovement jump) and muscle pain (Intensity of pain in the thighs) were measured. Results : The results concerning the percentage differences in the variation of the CMJ occurred respectively at 24h (Z = 12.62, p = 0.004) and 48h (Z = 16.22, p <0.001) compared to the control group. In addition, the results for muscle volume did not report any significant interaction (F (5.64) = 3.42, p = 0.078). The results of both protocols showed their effectiveness in reducing pain intensity by 24 and 48 hours after intense training (F (3.54) = 2.91, p = 0.016, p2 = 0.24). Conclusion: In conclusion, continuous and fractionated cold water immersion is beneficial for neuromuscular recovery 24 hours after intense exercise. The results also demonstrate a rapid recovery of handball players from their physical potential required in high level competitions.

Effects of cold-water immersion to aid futsal athlete’s recovery after exercise induced muscle damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 180 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaidi JUNAIDI ◽  
Akhmad S. SOBARNA ◽  
Tirto A. APRIYANTO ◽  
Tommy A. APRIANTONO ◽  
Bagus W. WINATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Exercise Induced
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