Are There Associations Between Submaximal and Maximal Aerobic Power and International Ski Federation World Cup Ranking in Elite Alpine Skiers?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Schobersberger ◽  
Michael Mairhofer ◽  
Simon Haslinger ◽  
Arnold Koller ◽  
Christian Raschner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Alpine Skiers

Purpose: To analyze the predictive value of parameters of submaximal and maximal cardiopulmonary exercise performance on International Ski Federation (Fédération Internationale de Ski) World Cup ranking (FIS ranking) in elite Austrian Alpine skiers. Methods: Over 7 World Cup seasons (2012–2018), exercise data (maximal oxygen uptake and maximum power output, lactate threshold 2, and ventilatory threshold 2, based on stepwise cycle spiroergometry) were analyzed to determine whether there was a correlation between world FIS ranking and exercise capacity of male and female elite Alpine skiers. Results: The data of 39 male skiers (age: 27.67 [4.20] y, body mass index: 26.03 [1.25] kg/m2) and 36 female skiers (age: 25.49 [3.18] y, body mass index: 22.97 [1.71] kg/m2) were included in this study. The maximum oxygen uptake and maximum power output ranged from 4.37 to 4.42 W/kg and 53.41 to 54.85 mL/kg/min in men and from 4.17 to 4.30 W/kg and 45.96 to 49.16 mL/kg/min in women, respectively, over the 7 seasons; the yearly mean FIS ranking ranged from 17 to 24 in men and 9 to 18 in women. In a fixed-effects model used for the subsequent panel regression analysis, no statistically significant effect on FIS ranking was found for the exercise parameters of interest. Conclusions: Neither maximal aerobic tests nor maximum power output significantly predicted competitive performance, as indexed by the FIS ranking. This reinforces the assumption that no single parameter determines competition performance in this complex sport. Therefore, identifying the optimum amount of endurance training remains a major challenge for athletes and coaches, as does identifying and improving the factors that determine performance.

scholarly journals Power output and the frequency of oscillatory work in mammalian diaphragm muscle: the effects of animal size

1991 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Altringham ◽  
I. S. Young
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Cycle Frequency ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Oscillatory Power ◽  
Length Changes ◽  
Animal Size

Bundles of muscle fibres were isolated from the diaphragm of mouse, rat and rabbit. Mean oscillatory power output was determined during phasic stimulation and imposed sinusoidal length changes. Maximum power output was measured over a range of cycle frequencies. The cycle frequency for maximum power output (fopt) decreased with increasing body mass and was described by the equation, fopt = 4.42M-0.16, where M is body mass. A very similar relationship has been reported between body mass and the frequency of the trot-gallop transition in terrestrial, quadrupedal mammals [Heglund et al. (1974), Science 186, 1112–1113), and the significance of this similarity is discussed.

scholarly journals PPeak oxygen uptake differentiates competitive from recreational male surfboard riders

Motricidade ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Nuno Almeida ◽  
Joana Reis ◽  
João Beckert ◽  
Miguel Moreira ◽  
Francisco Alves
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Power ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Respiratory Compensation Point ◽  
Respiratory Compensation

The purpose of this study was to verify if competitive performance status was associated to different levels of specific aerobic fitness in Portuguese surfboard riders. Six recreational surfers (age: 32.3±3.1 years; body mass: 73.2±7.8kg; height: 1.75±0.05m) and six competitive international level surfers (age: 25±8.4years; body mass: 68.5±3.8kg; height: 1.74±0.05m) performed a maximal continuous incremental paddling test consisting of two-minute steps starting at 20W, with increments of 10W, for determination of peak oxygen uptake and maximal aerobic power. Ventilatory threshold and respiratory compensation point with corresponding heart rate and power output were also determined. Elite surfers presented higher values for peak oxygen uptake (43.6±7.9 ml.kg-1.min-1) than recreational surfers (31.1±7.4 ml.kg-1.min-1, p=0.01) however, there were no differences (p> 0.05) between groups for maximal aerobic power (elite: 76.6±18.6W; recreational: 76.6±16.6W). No significant differences between the power output at which ventilatory threshold or respiratory compensation point occurred but elite surfers reached ventilation threshold with 22.5±5.8 ml.kg-1.min-1 which was significantly higher than recreational surfers (16±3.7 ml.kg-1.min-1). These findings show that elite surfers have higher values of peak oxygen uptake than recreational surfers which suggest a higher aerobic adaptation that may be related to the different amount of exercise volume undertaken.

Oxidation of combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1277-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy L. P. G. Jentjens ◽  
Luke Moseley ◽  
Rosemary H. Waring ◽  
Leslie K. Harding ◽  
Asker E. Jeukendrup
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Exercise Period

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether combined ingestion of a large amount of fructose and glucose during cycling exercise would lead to exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates >1 g/min. Eight trained cyclists (maximal O2consumption: 62 ± 3 ml·kg-1·min-1) performed four exercise trials in random order. Each trial consisted of 120 min of cycling at 50% maximum power output (63 ± 2% maximal O2consumption), while subjects received a solution providing either 1.2 g/min of glucose (Med-Glu), 1.8 g/min of glucose (High-Glu), 0.6 g/min of fructose + 1.2 g/min of glucose (Fruc+Glu), or water. The ingested fructose was labeled with [U-13C]fructose, and the ingested glucose was labeled with [U-14C]glucose. Peak exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates were ∼55% higher ( P < 0.001) in Fruc+Glu (1.26 ± 0.07 g/min) compared with Med-Glu and High-Glu (0.80 ± 0.04 and 0.83 ± 0.05 g/min, respectively). Furthermore, the average exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates over the 60- to 120-min exercise period were higher ( P < 0.001) in Fruc+Glu compared with Med-Glu and High-Glu (1.16 ± 0.06, 0.75 ± 0.04, and 0.75 ± 0.04 g/min, respectively). There was a trend toward a lower endogenous carbohydrate oxidation in Fruc+Glu compared with the other two carbohydrate trials, but this failed to reach statistical significance ( P = 0.075). The present results demonstrate that, when fructose and glucose are ingested simultaneously at high rates during cycling exercise, exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates can reach peak values of ∼1.3 g/min.

scholarly journals Scaling of Power Output in Fast Muscle Fibres of the Atlantic Cod During Cyclical Contractions

1992 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ELIZABETH ANDERSON ◽  
IAN A. JOHNSTON
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Fast Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Cycle Frequency ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Length Changes

Fast muscle fibres were isolated from abdominal myotomes of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) ranging in size from 10 to 63 cm standard length (Ls). Muscle fibres were subjected to sinusoidal length changes about their resting length (Lf) and stimulated at a selected phase of the strain cycle. The work performed in each oscillatory cycle was calculated from plots of force against muscle length, the area of the resulting loop being net work. Strain and the number and timing of stimuli were adjusted to maximise positive work per cycle over a range of cycle frequencies at 8°C. Force, and hence power output, declined with increasing cycles of oscillation until reaching a steady state around the ninth cycle. The strain required for maximum power output (Wmax) was ±7-11% of Lf in fish shorter than 18 cm standard length, but decreased to ±5 % of Lf in larger fish. The cycle frequency required for Wmax also declined with increasing fish length, scaling to Ls−0.51 under steady-state conditions (cycles 9–12). At the optimum cycle frequency and strain the maximum contraction velocity scaled to Ls−0.79. The maximum stress (Pmax) produced within a cycle was highest in the second cycle, ranging from 51.3 kPa in 10 cm fish to 81.8 kPa in 60 cm fish (Pmax=28.2Ls0.25). Under steady-state conditions the maximum power output per kilogram wet muscle mass was found to range from 27.5 W in a 10 cm Ls cod to 16.4 W in a 60 cm Ls cod, scaling with Ls−0.29 and body mass (Mb)−0.10 Note: To whom reprint requests should be sent

Effect of Ethanol-Air Equivalence Ratio on Performance of an Endoreversible Otto Engine

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
Rahim Ebrahim ◽  
Mahmoud Reza Tadayon ◽  
Farshad Tahmasebi Gandomkari ◽  
Kamyar Mahbobian
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Otto Cycle ◽  
World Community ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
The World

Today, the world community is looking for fuel efficient and environmentally viable alternatives for many of the traditional energy conversion approaches. This development has further worked to increase the technical focus on conventional cycles for making them more optimum in terms of performance. Hence, the objective of this paper is to study the effect of ethanol-air equivalence ratio on the power output and the indicated thermal efficiency of an air standard Otto cycle. Optimization of the cycle has been performed for power output as well as for thermal efficiency with respect to compression ratio. The results show that the maximum power output, the optimal compression ratio corresponding to maximum power output point, the optimal compression ratio corresponding to maximum thermal efficiency point and the working range of the cycle first increase and then decrease as the equivalence ratio increases. The result obtained herein provides a guide to the performance evaluation and improvement for practical Otto engines.

scholarly journals Prediction of Maximal Oxygen Uptake by Six-Minute Walk Test and Body Mass Index in Healthy Boys

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Jalili ◽  
Farzad Nazem ◽  
Akbar Sazvar ◽  
Kamal Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Six Minute Walk Test ◽  
Minute Walk
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