scholarly journals Is Rating of Perceived Exertion a Valuable Tool for Monitoring Exercise Intensity During Steady-State Conditions in Elite Endurance Athletes?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Thomas Losnegard ◽  
Sondre Skarli ◽  
Joar Hansen ◽  
Stian Roterud ◽  
Ida S. Svendsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Exercise Mode

Purpose: Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a widely used tool to assess subjective perception of effort during exercise. The authors investigated between-subject variation and effect of exercise mode and sex on Borg RPE (6–20) in relation to heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2), and capillary blood lactate concentrations. Methods: A total of 160 elite endurance athletes performed a submaximal and maximal test protocol either during cycling (n = 84, 37 women) or running (n = 76, 32 women). The submaximal test consisted of 4 to 7 progressive 5-minute steps within ∼50% to 85% of maximal VO2. For each step, steady-state HR, VO2, and capillary blood lactate concentrations were assessed and RPE reported. An incremental protocol to exhaustion was used to determine maximal VO2 and peak HR to provide relative (%) HR and VO2 values at submaximal work rates. Results: A strong relationship was found between RPE and %HR, %VO2, and capillary blood lactate concentrations (r = .80–.82, all Ps < .05). The between-subject coefficient of variation (SD/mean) for %HR and %VO2 decreased linearly with increased RPE, from ∼10% to 15% at RPE 8 to ∼5% at RPE 17. Compared with cycling, running induced a systematically higher %HR and %VO2 (∼2% and 5%, respectively, P < .05) with these differences being greater at lower intensities (RPE < 13). At the same RPE, women showed a trivial, but significantly higher %HR and %VO2 than men (<1%, P < .05). Conclusions: Among elite endurance athletes, exercise mode influenced RPE at a given %HR and %VO2, with greater differences at lower exercise intensities. Athletes should manage different tools to evaluate training based on intensity and duration of workouts.

Physiological Responses and Perceived Exertion During International Taekwondo Competition

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Bridge ◽  
Michelle A. Jones ◽  
Barry Drust
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
International Level ◽  
Combat Training ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Purpose:To investigate the physiological responses and perceived exertion during international Taekwondo competition.Methods:Eight male Taekwondo black belts (mean ± SD, age 22 ± 4 y, body mass 69.4 ± 13.4 kg, height 1.82 ± 0.10 m, competition experience 9 ± 5 y) took part in an international-level Taekwondo competition. Each combat included three 2-min rounds with 30 s of recovery between each round. Heart rate (HR) was recorded at 5-s intervals during each combat. Capillary blood lactate samples were taken from the fingertip 1 min before competition, directly after each round and 1 min after competition. Competitors’ rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded for each round using Borg’s 6-to-20 scale.Results:HR (round 1: 175 ± 15 to round 3: 187 ± 8 beats·min−1; P < .05), percentage of HR maximum (round 1: 89 ± 8 to round 3: 96 ± 5% HRmax; P < .05), blood lactate (round 1: 7.5 ± 1.6 to round 3: 11.9 ± 2.1 mmol·L-1; P < .05) and RPE (round 1: 11 ± 2 to round 3: 14 ± 2; P < .05; mean ± SD) increased significantly across rounds.Conclusions:International-level Taekwondo competition elicited near-maximal cardiovascular responses, high blood lactate concentrations, and increases in competitors' RPE across combat. Training should therefore include exercise bouts that sufficiently stimulate both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.

Physiological and Perceptual Responses to Graded Treadmill and Cycle Exercise in Male Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen E. Duncan ◽  
Anthony D. Mahon ◽  
Julie A. Gay ◽  
Jennifer J. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Cycle Exercise ◽  
Exercise Treadmill

Physiological and perceptual responses at ventilatory threshold (VT) and V̇O2 peak were examined in 10 male children (10.2 ± 1.3 yrs) during graded treadmill and cycle exercise. Treadmill V̇O2peak (57.9 ± 6.7 ml · kg−1 · min−1) was higher (p < .05) than the cycle (51.7 ± 7.7 ml · kg−1 · min−1). Ventilation and heart rate (HR) were higher (p < .05) on the treadmill, while respiratory exchange ratio (RER), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), capillary blood lactate, and test duration were similar between tests. The V̇O2 at VT was higher (p < .05) on the treadmill (36.7 ± 4.6 ml · kg−1 · min−1) than the cycle (32.5 ± 4.4 ml · kg−1 · min−1). When VT was expressed as a percentage of V̇O2 peak, there was no difference (p > .05) between tests. The RPE at VT, HR at VT, and VT expressed as a percentage of HRpeak were also similar (p > .05) between tests. Similar to V̇O2 peak, the V̇O2 at VT is dependent on the mode of exercise. However, when VT is expressed as a percentage of V̇O2 peak, it is independent of testing modality. The RPE at VT appears to be linked to a percentage of V̇O2 peak rather than an absolute V̇O2.

scholarly journals The Effect of Endurance Exercise Modality on Markers of Fatigue

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Moorea ◽  
Jasmin C. Hutchinsona ◽  
Christa R. Wintera ◽  
Paul C. Daltona ◽  
Vincent J. Paolonea
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Mode ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Exercise Fatigue ◽  
Peripheral Sensory

Background: Exercise power output, and resulting fatigue, is regulated based on central and peripheral sensory input. Whether exercise mode, specifically, contributes to this regulation remains unexplored. Objective: This study was designed to determine if differences in markers of fatigue would be present during two time trials of similar duration and intensity, as a result of exercise mode (cycling and rowing). Method: In a randomized crossover design, nine subjects completed the two 7-min time trials, on different days. Exercise power output, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and blood lactate measurements were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVAs. Results: There was a significant interaction between mode and time for power output (p =.02), but no significant differences between matched time points were observed for any of the dependent variables used to assess fatigue (p >.05). Conclusion: Similar levels of heart rate, perceived exertion, and blood lactate for time trials on different modes, but with the same duration and directed intensity, suggest that in a laboratory environment, exercise is regulated more by physiological disturbance and sensory cues than by exercise mode. These findings support the sensory tolerance limit of exercise fatigue.

Psychophysiological anxiety response of a rescue helicopter crew in a crane rescue manoeuvre

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2019-001345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Vicente-Rodriguez ◽  
V J Clemente-Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Psychophysiological Response ◽  
Sympathetic Modulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

BackgroundThis research aimed to analyse the psychophysiological modifications of a rescuer helicopter crew in a crane rescue manoeuvre.MethodsWe analysed in eight participants (32.5±6.6 years) divided in four categories (pilot, mechanic, rescuer and control) with variables of anxiety, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), stress subjective perception (SSP), heart rate, blood oxygen saturation (BOS), skin temperature, blood lactate, cortical arousal, autonomic modulation, legs and hands strength, legs flexibility, spirometry, urine, and short-term memory before and after a helicopter crane rescue manoeuvre.ResultsThe manoeuvre produced a significant (p≤0.05) increment in the RPE, SSP, anxiety, blood lactate and sympathetic modulation, and a decrease in BOS and pulmonary capacity.ConclusionA helicopter rescue crane manoeuvre produced an increase in the sympathetic nervous system modulation, increasing the psychophysiological response of the crew independently of their experience or role. This information allowed us to improve actual specific operative training in this population.

Zusammenhang zwischen RPE und Blutlaktatkonzentration im Krafttraining

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Individual Training

Quantifying actual individual training intensity in resistance training is essential for athletes and trainers, but is at present only possible with methodological problems. Thus, the purpose of this article is to examine the relationship of different types of RPE (rating of perceived exertion) with blood lactate concentrations in hypertrophy training. Hereby it is possible, to deduce conclusions about the validity of the RPE-scale and different times of monitoring. In this article two studies with male subjects are presented (study 1: n=10, 23.7 ± 2.8 years; study 2: n=16, 24.9 ± 2.0 years). In both surveys, subjects had to complete 3 sets with 3 minutes of rest between sets in every exercise. Blood lactate was measured before each exercise and two minutes after the completion of each set. RPE was questioned in different forms simultaneous to lactate measurement as well as directly after each set. Results show medium correlations between subjective perception of exertion and blood lactate concentrations (mean r=0.55-0.71). RPE for the whole body (RPE-O) directly measured after the sets, showed the highest relationship with r=0.71. Maximum lactate values ranged from 4.59–15.22 mmol/l between the subjects. As a result, subjective perception of exertion seems to be parallel to blood lactate concentration on an individual basis. Here, the different forms of RPE-questioning have to be regarded individually. The large range of lactate values show a high individuality of lactate response, also influenced by the amount of muscle mass used. As a conclusion, quantifying individual training intensity should be only done in an individual, longitudinal setting with highly constant surrounding conditions. Although it remains unclear, if a discrete and valid diagnostic tool exists.

The Effects of an Associative, Dissociative, Internal, and External Focus of Attention on Running Economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mahin Aghdaei ◽  
Alireza Farsi ◽  
Maryam Khalaji ◽  
Jared Porter
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Blood Lactate Level ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
External Focus ◽  
Lower Blood

Much research has been executed to investigate how altering focus of attention impacts performance and feelings of fatigue. Using a within-participant design, the present study examined how an associative and dissociative attentional in addition to an internal and external attentional dimension influenced the running economy of nonprofessional runners. Twelve women (aged 18–30 years old) ran on a treadmill at 70% of their predetermined maximum velocity. Participants ran in four counterbalanced conditions (dissociative-external, dissociative-internal, associative-external, and associative-internal). Average oxygen volume, respiration volume and breathing frequency, heart rate, blood lactate level, and Borg rating of perceived exertion were measured. Our findings revealed when participants adopted a dissociative-external focus of attention, they consumed less oxygen, had lower blood lactate, and a lower rating of perceived exertion compared with trials completed using an associative attention strategy. The findings of this study demonstrate that running economy is improved and feelings of fatigue are lowest when using a combination of a dissociative-external focus of attention.

scholarly journals Effects of surgical face masks on cardiopulmonary parameters during steady state exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lässing ◽  
R. Falz ◽  
C. Pökel ◽  
S. Fikenzer ◽  
U. Laufs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Minimum ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Constant Load Exercise

AbstractWearing face masks reduce the maximum physical performance. Sports and occupational activities are often associated with submaximal constant intensities. This prospective crossover study examined the effects of medical face masks during constant-load exercise. Fourteen healthy men (age 25.7 ± 3.5 years; height 183.8 ± 8.4 cm; weight 83.6 ± 8.4 kg) performed a lactate minimum test and a body plethysmography with and without masks. They were randomly assigned to two constant load tests at maximal lactate steady state with and without masks. The cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses were monitored using impedance cardiography and ergo-spirometry. The airway resistance was two-fold higher with the surgical mask (SM) than without the mask (SM 0.58 ± 0.16 kPa l−1 vs. control [Co] 0.32 ± 0.08 kPa l−1; p < 0.01). The constant load tests with masks compared with those without masks resulted in a significantly different ventilation (77.1 ± 9.3 l min−1 vs. 82.4 ± 10.7 l min−1; p < 0.01), oxygen uptake (33.1 ± 5 ml min−1 kg−1 vs. 34.5 ± 6 ml min−1 kg−1; p = 0.04), and heart rate (160.1 ± 11.2 bpm vs. 154.5 ± 11.4 bpm; p < 0.01). The mean cardiac output tended to be higher with a mask (28.6 ± 3.9 l min−1 vs. 25.9 ± 4.0 l min−1; p = 0.06). Similar blood pressure (177.2 ± 17.6 mmHg vs. 172.3 ± 15.8 mmHg; p = 0.33), delta lactate (4.7 ± 1.5 mmol l−1 vs. 4.3 ± 1.5 mmol l−1; p = 0.15), and rating of perceived exertion (6.9 ± 1.1 vs. 6.6 ± 1.1; p = 0.16) were observed with and without masks. Surgical face masks increase airway resistance and heart rate during steady state exercise in healthy volunteers. The perceived exertion and endurance performance were unchanged. These results may improve the assessment of wearing face masks during work and physical training.

scholarly journals Validating Physiological and Biomechanical Parameters during Intermittent Swimming at Speed Corresponding to Lactate Concentration of 4 mmol·L−1

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Gavriil G. Arsoniadis ◽  
Ioannis S. Nikitakis ◽  
Petros G. Botonis ◽  
Ioannis Malliaros ◽  
Argyris G. Toubekis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Stroke Length ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters

Background: Physiological and biomechanical parameters obtained during testing need validation in a training setting. The purpose of this study was to compare parameters calculated by a 5 × 200-m test with those measured during an intermittent swimming training set performed at constant speed corresponding to blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol∙L−1 (V4). Methods: Twelve competitive swimmers performed a 5 × 200-m progressively increasing speed front crawl test. Blood lactate concentration (BL) was measured after each 200 m and V4 was calculated by interpolation. Heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), stroke rate (SR) and stroke length (SL) were determined during each 200 m. Subsequently, BL, HR, SR and SL corresponding to V4 were calculated. A week later, swimmers performed a 5 × 400-m training set at constant speed corresponding to V4 and BL-5×400, HR-5×400, RPE-5×400, SR-5×400, SL-5×400 were measured. Results: BL-5×400 and RPE-5×400 were similar (p > 0.05), while HR-5×400 and SR-5×400 were increased and SL-5×400 was decreased compared to values calculated by the 5 × 200-m test (p < 0.05). Conclusion: An intermittent progressively increasing speed swimming test provides physiological information with large interindividual variability. It seems that swimmers adjust their biomechanical parameters to maintain constant speed in an aerobic endurance training set of 5 × 400-m at intensity corresponding to 4 mmol∙L−1.

Effects of Varying Post-Warm-Up Recovery Time on 200-m Time-Trial Swim Performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Zochowski ◽  
Elizabeth Johnson ◽  
Gordon G. Sleivert
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Trial Performance

Context:Warm-up before athletic competition might enhance performance by affecting various physiological parameters. There are few quantitative data available on physiological responses to the warm-up, and the data that have been reported are inconclusive. Similarly, it has been suggested that varying the recovery period after a standardized warm-up might affect subsequent performance.Purpose:To determine the effects of varying post-warm-up recovery time on a subsequent 200-m swimming time trial.Methods:Ten national-caliber swimmers (5 male, 5 female) each swam a 1500-m warm-up and performed a 200-m time trial of their specialty stroke after either 10 or 45 min of passive recovery. Subjects completed 1 time trial in each condition separated by 1 wk in a counterbalanced order. Blood lactate and heart rate were measured immediately after warm-up and 3 min before, immediately after, and 3 min after the time trial. Rating of perceived exertion was measured immediately after the warm-up and time trial.Results:Time-trial performance was significantly improved after 10 min as opposed to 45 min recovery (136.80 ± 20.38 s vs 138.69 ± 20.32 s, P < .05). There were no significant differences between conditions for heart rate and blood lactate after the warm-up. Pre-time-trial heart rate, however, was higher in the 10-min than in the 45-min rest condition (109 ± 14 beats/min vs 94 ± 21 beats/min, P < .05).Conclusions:A post-warm-up recovery time of 10 min rather than 45 min is more beneficial to 200-m swimming time-trial performance.

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