Vagally Derived Heart Rate Variability and Training Perturbations With Menses in Female Collegiate Rowers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sara R. Sherman ◽  
Clifton J. Holmes ◽  
Alexander P. Demos ◽  
Tori Stone ◽  
Bjoern Hornikel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Division I ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Mixed Effects Modeling ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
And Training

Introduction: The parasympathetically derived marker of heart rate variability, root mean square of successive R-R differences (RMSSD), and the daily fluctuations as measured by the coefficient of variation (RMSSDCV) may be useful for tracking training adaptations in athletic populations. These vagally derived markers of heart rate variability may be especially pertinent when simultaneously considering a female athlete’s menstrual cycle. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to observe the perturbations in RMSSDCV, while considering RMSSD, across a season in the presence and absence of menses with training load in female collegiate rowers. Methods: Thirty-six (20 [1] y, 25.6 [3.4] kg·m−2) National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female rowers were monitored for 18 consecutive weeks across a full season. Seated, ultrashortened RMSSD measurements were obtained by the rowers on at least 3 mornings per week using a smartphone photoplethysmography device. Following the RMSSD measurement, athletes indicated the presence or absence of menstruation within the application. Individual meters rowed that week and sessions rate of perceived exertion were obtained to quantify training load. Results: Longitudinal mixed-effects modeling demonstrated a significant effect of menses and time, while also considering RMSSD, such that those who were on their period had a significantly greater RMSSDCV than those who were not (11.2% vs 7.5%, respectively; P < .001). These changes were independent of meters rowed, sessions rate of perceived exertion, body mass index, birth-control use, and years of rowing experience, which were all nonsignificant predictors of RMSSDCgV (P > .05). Conclusion: The presence of menses appears to significantly impact RMSSDCV when also considering RMSSD, which may allow coaches to consider individualized training plans accordingly.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability Responses to a Training Cycle in Female Youth Rowers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8391
Author(s):  
Rohan Edmonds ◽  
Julian Egan-Shuttler ◽  
Stephen J. Ives
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Function ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Training Cycle ◽  
And Training

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a reputable estimate of cardiac autonomic function used across multiple athletic populations to document the cardiac autonomic responses to sport demands. However, there is a knowledge gap of HRV responses in female youth rowers. Thus, the purpose of this study was to measure HRV weekly, over a 15-week training period, covering pre-season and up to competition in youth female rowers, in order to understand the physiological response to long-term training and discern how fluctuations in HRV may relate to performance in this population. Measures of heart rate and heart rate variability were recorded before training each Friday over the monitoring period in seven athletes. Analysis of heart rate variability focused on time domain indices, the standard deviation of all normal to normal R–R wave intervals, and the root mean square of successive differences as markers of cardiac parasympathetic modulation. Training load was quantified by multiplying the rating of perceived exertion of the weeks training and training duration. A decrease was identified in cardiac parasympathetic modulation as the season progressed (Effect Size (Cohen’s d) = −0.34 to −0.8, weeks 6 and 11–15), despite no significant relationship between training load and heart rate variability. Factors outside of training may further compound the reduction in heart rate variability, with further monitoring of external stressors (e.g., school) in adolescent athletes.

scholarly journals Recovery behavior after matches for returning to training in volleyball athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-349
Author(s):  
Ananda S. Cardoso ◽  
Guilherme P. Berriel ◽  
Pedro Schons ◽  
Rochelle R. Costa ◽  
Luiz Fernando M. Kruel
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Recovery Behavior ◽  
Vertical Jumps ◽  
And Training

The aim of this research was to evaluate the behavior of vertical jumps performance in professional volleyball athletes during matches and training and their relationships with fatigue and recovery through heart rate variability (HRV), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and perceived recovery status (PRS). Nine male professional volleyball athletes participated in the study, with mean age: 25.66 ± 5.7 years, mean body mass: 97.81 ± 8.65 Kg and mean height: 200.94 ± 5.19 cm, with experience in national and international competitions. HRV and PRS were evaluated in the morning of matches and in the presentation for the first day of training after matches. RPE was collected immediately after matches and at the end of training days. Jumps performance was monitored during the matches and during the first days of training. The data was grouped by matches and training sessions. Significance level adopted was α ≤ 0.05. There were no alterations in HRV and PRS evaluated after matches and before training sessions, as well as in RPE after training. Jumps height was greater during the matches (p< 0.013) and there were no differences in the number of jumps. There was a positive correlation between the number of jumps during matches and PRS before matches (r= 0.336, p= 0.015) and a negative correlation between the number of jumps during training and pre-training PRS (r= -0.318, p= 0.002). We conclude that the recovery period proposed by the team proved to be sufficient for the athletes to maintain the same condition for returning to training. This information can assist physical trainers to prescribe training loads for the return to training.

scholarly journals Relationship between External and Internal Workloads in Elite Soccer Players: Comparison between Rate of Perceived Exertion and Training Load

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5174
Author(s):  
Alessio Rossi ◽  
Enrico Perri ◽  
Luca Pappalardo ◽  
Paolo Cintia ◽  
F. Iaia
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training

The use of machine learning (ML) in soccer allows for the management of a large amount of data deriving from the monitoring of sessions and matches. Although the rate of perceived exertion (RPE), training load (S-RPE), and global position system (GPS) are standard methodologies used in team sports to assess the internal and external workload; how the external workload affects RPE and S-RPE remains still unclear. This study explores the relationship between both RPE and S-RPE and the training workload through ML. Data were recorded from 22 elite soccer players, in 160 training sessions and 35 matches during the 2015/2016 season, by using GPS tracking technology. A feature selection process was applied to understand which workload features influence RPE and S-RPE the most. Our results show that the training workloads performed in the previous week have a strong effect on perceived exertion and training load. On the other hand, the analysis of our predictions shows higher accuracy for medium RPE and S-RPE values compared with the extremes. These results provide further evidence of the usefulness of ML as a support to athletic trainers and coaches in understanding the relationship between training load and individual-response in team sports.

scholarly journals Performance and Training Load Profiles in Recreational Male Trail Runners: Analyzing Their Interactions during Competitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8902
Author(s):  
Sérgio Matos ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Rui Silva ◽  
Joel Pereira ◽  
José María Cancela Carral
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Large Correlation ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed ◽  
Meaningful Relationships ◽  
Trail Running ◽  
And Training

Endurance sports like trail running constitute an extensive individual modality causing numerous physiological changes to occur in the athlete. In this sense, an adequate monitoring of training load appears to be essential to improve competition performance. The aim of this study was two-fold: (i) to analyze trail runners’ weekly load variations in the four weeks leading up to a trail running competition, and (ii) to determine the relationship between the runners’ pacing in competitions and their physical fitness and workload parameters. Twenty-five amateur male trail runners (age: 36.23 ± 8.30 years old; minimum International Trail Running Association performance index: 600) were monitored daily for the duration of a season (52 weeks). External load (distance covered, pace) and internal load (rate of perceived exertion) were measured daily. Additionally, weekly workload measures of acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR), training monotony, and training strain were calculated. The runners were also assessed for maximal aerobic speed (MAS) every four months. No significant differences in workload measures (p > 0.05) were observed in the four weeks leading up to each short trail competition; however, leading up to the long trail, ultra-trail medium, and ultra-trail long/extra-long competitions, the differences in the runners’ workload measures were significant (p < 0.05). In the short trail, pace was found to be moderately correlated with the ACWR of total distance (r = −0.334) and with training monotony of rate of perceived exertion (RPE) (r = −0.303). In the ultra-trail, a large correlation was observed between pace and elevation accumulated (r = 0.677). We concluded that significant workload differences from one week to the next only occurred in preparation for longer-distance competitions, with sudden acute load decreases and very low ACWR values reported mainly in weeks 1 and 2 of the taper. Meaningful relationships were found between performance (pace) and MAS for longer trails and between pace and MAS for ultra-trail competitions.

Relation between heart rate variability and training load in middle-distance runners

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1729-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent PICHOT ◽  
Fr??d??ric ROCHE ◽  
Jean-Michel GASPOZ ◽  
Franck ENJOLRAS ◽  
Anestis ANTONIADIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
And Training

scholarly journals No evidence of association between HRV and training load in a pool of professional athletes before, during, and after the first COVID-19 lockdown.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Javaloyes ◽  
Daniele Marinazzo ◽  
Daniel Sanabria ◽  
Manuel Moya-Ramón ◽  
José Ramón Lillo-Bevia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
And Training

PURPOSE: The COVID-19 crisis also affected elite sport severely, as elite athletes either stopped or drastically reduced their training regimen due to the lack of competitions and the mandatory lockdown. The aim of this study was to test whether heart rate variability was a reliable index of training load, which was dramatically altered due to the mandatory lockdown that occurred as a consequence of the COVID-19. METHODS: Training (volume and intensity) and heart rate variability of sixteen professional male (n = 8; body mass index = 22.2 ± 2.0) and female cyclists (n = 8; body mass index = 20.3 ± 1.1) before (4 weeks), during (7 weeks), and after (4 weeks) the mandatory lockdown in Spain were monitored. RESULTS: Individual analyses showed that the mandatory lockdown caused reliable reductions in training volume in 13 subjects (-96 to -7 % reductions in minutes), that were followed by an increase after the lockdown in all subjects (5 to 270%). In contrast, changes in training load were not homogenous across individuals. Moreover, such changes were not matched by comparable variations in heart rate variability. A mixed model of the heart rate variability as a function of training volume and intensity revealed no significant modulation by these two variables, and subject specific effects on the slope. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we did not find evidence of association between heart rate variability and training load and/or intensity as many previous reports have suggested, even if training conditions changed dramatically overnight.

scholarly journals Training Load, Heart Rate Variability, Direct Current Potential and Elite Long Jump Performance Prior and during the 2016 Olympic Games

2021 ◽  
pp. 482-491
Author(s):  
Joseph Coyne ◽  
Aaron Coutts ◽  
Robert Newton ◽  
G. Gregory Haff
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Current Potential

The primary objective of this investigation was to investigate the relationships between training load (TL), heart rate variability (HRV) and direct current potential (DC) with elite long jump performance prior to and during the 2016 Olympics Games. Sessional ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE), training duration, HRV and DC were collected from four elite athletes (26.4 ± 1.4 years, height 1.83 ± 0.05 m, weight 68.9 ± 5.0 kg) for a 16-week period in qualification for and competition at the 2016 Olympic Games. Acute and chronic TL, training stress balance and differential load were calculated with three different smoothing methods. These TL measures along with HRV and DC were examined for their relationship to intra-athlete performance using repeated measure correlations and linear mixed models. Successful compared to unsuccessful intra-athlete performances were characterised by a higher chronic TL (p < 0.01, f2 = 0.31) but only when TL was exponentially smoothed. There were also negative correlations between HRV and performance (r = -0.55, p < 0.01) and HRV was significantly lower for more successful performances (p < 0.01, f2 = 0.19). Exponentially smoothed chronic TL was significantly higher and HRV was significantly lower for successful intra-athlete performances prior and during the 2016 Olympics Games in an elite group of long jump athletes. Monitoring sRPE and HRV measures and manipulating TL prior to competition seems worthwhile for elite long jump athletes.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Responses and Training Load During Nonspecific and Specific Aerobic Training in Adolescent Taekwondo Athletes

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monoem Haddad ◽  
Anis Chaouachi ◽  
Del Wong ◽  
Carlo Castagna ◽  
Karim Chamari
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
And Training

Heart Rate Responses and Training Load During Nonspecific and Specific Aerobic Training in Adolescent Taekwondo AthletesThe efficacy of replacing generic running with Taekwondo (TKD) specific technical skills during interval training at an intensity corresponding to 90-95% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) has not yet been demonstrated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the HR responses and perceived exertion between controlled running and high-intensity TKD technical interval training in adolescent TKD athletes. Eighteen adolescent, male TKD athletes performed short-duration interval running and TKD specific technical skills (i.e. 10-20 [10-s of exercise interspersed with 20 s of passive recovery]) in a counterbalanced design. In both training methods, HR was measured and expressed as the percentage of HR reserve (%HRres). Rating of perceived exertion (RPE, Borg's category rating-10 scale), Banister's training impulse (TRIMP) and Edwards' training load (TL) were used to quantify the internal training load. Recorded cardiovascular responses expressed in %HRresin the two training methods were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the two training methods induced similar training loads as calculated by Banister and Edwards' methods. Perceived exertion ranged between "hard" and "very hard" during all interval training sessions. These findings showed that performing repeated TKD specific skills increased HR to the same level, and were perceived as producing the same training intensity as did short-duration interval running in adolescent TKD athletes. Therefore, using specific TKD kicking exercises in high-intensity interval training can be applied to bring more variety during training, mixing physical and technical aspects of the sport, while reaching the same intensity as interval running.

Changes In Heart Rate Variability And Training Load In Elite Football Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5S) ◽  
pp. 1057
Author(s):  
Bryna C. Chrismas ◽  
Lee Taylor ◽  
Graham Stark
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Football Players ◽  
And Training
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