Reliability of an In-Water Repeated-Sprint Test for Water Polo

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frankie H. Y. Tan ◽  
Ted Polglaze ◽  
Brian Dawson
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Motion Studies

Time-motion studies indicate the importance of repeated high-intensity activities during water polo match play. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of an in-water repeated-sprint test, which comprised 6 × 10-m all-out sprints, departing every 17 s. This protocol was chosen to replicate the regular intense periods of match play.

A Time-Motion Analysis of International Women’s Water Polo Match Play

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun D’Auria ◽  
Tim Gabbett
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physiological Demands

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological demands of field players in international women’s water polo match play.Methods:Video footage was collected at the 13th FINA Women’s Water Polo World Cup in Perth in 2002. Video recordings were analyzed using a simple hand-based notation system to record predefined activity durations, frequencies, and corresponding subjective intensities.Results:Average exercise bout duration was 7.4 ± 2.5 s and exercise to rest ratio within play 1:1.6 ± 0.6. The average pattern of exercise was represented by 64.0 ± 15.3% swimming, 13.1 ± 9.2% contested swimming, 14.0 ± 11.6% wrestling, and 8.9 ± 7.1% holding position. Significant differences existed between outside and center players for percentage time swimming (67.5 ± 14.0% vs 60.2 ± 13.3%, P = .002) and wrestling (9.9 ± 9.3% vs 18.4 ± 11.1%, P = .000). A significant difference was found in the number (P = .017) and duration (P = .010) of high-intensity activity (HIA) bouts performed each quarter for outside (1.8 ± 2.2 bouts, 7.0 ± 3.4 s) and center players (1.2 ± 1.5 bouts, 5.2 ± 3.4 s). Positional differences in HIA were the result of a significant difference (P = .000) in the number of maximal/near maximal swims (outside 1.2 ± 1.5 and center 0.5 ± 0.9 per quarter).Conclusions:This study characterizes international women’s water polo match play as a highly intermittent activity. Swimming, particularly high intensity, has greater significance to outside players, whereas wrestling has greater significance to center players.

scholarly journals Repeated High-Intensity Running and Sprinting in Elite Women’s Soccer Competition

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim J. Gabbett ◽  
Håvard Wiig ◽  
Matt Spencer
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Sport Competition ◽  
Women's Soccer

Background:To the authors’ knowledge, no study has investigated the concurrent repeated, high-intensity (RHIA) and repeated-sprint activity (RSA) of intermittent team-sport competition.Purpose:In this study, they report on the RSA of elite women’s football competition. In addition, they describe the nature of RHIA (eg, striding and sprinting activities) that involve a high energy cost and are associated with short (ie, ≤20 s) recovery periods.Methods:Thirteen elite women soccer players underwent video-based time–motion analysis on 34 occasions during national and international standard matches. RSA and RHIA were defined as successive (ie, 2) sprints or striding and sprinting efforts that occurred with ≤20 s between efforts.Results:The number of RSA and RHIA bouts performed was similar between the first and second halves of matches. Sprinting and striding/sprinting durations tended to remain relatively stable irrespective of the number of efforts in an RSA or RHIA bout or the period of play. However, recovery duration between efforts increased in the second half, when a greater number of efforts were performed per bout.Conclusion:These findings suggest that first- to second-half reductions in RHIA and RSA do not occur in elite women’s soccer competition. However, players increase the amount of low-intensity recovery undertaken between RHIA and RSA efforts, most likely in an attempt to maintain RHIA and RSA performance. These findings emphasize the importance of RSA and RHIA to elite women’s soccer and highlight the importance of training this quality to prevent reductions in performance during competitive match play.

Individualization of Time–Motion Analysis: A Case-Cohort Example

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ric Lovell ◽  
Grant Abt
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Type Method ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
External Loads

Purpose:To report the intensity distribution of Premier League soccer players’ external loads during match play, according to recognized physiological thresholds. The authors also present a case in which individualized speed thresholds changed the interpretation of time–motion data.Method:Eight outfield players performed an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion to determine the running speeds associated with their ventilatory thresholds. The running speeds were then used to individualize time–motion data collected in 5 competitive fixtures and compared with commonly applied arbitrary speed zones.Results:Of the total distance covered, 26%, 57%, and 17% were performed at low, moderate, and high intensity, respectively. Individualized time– motion data identified a 41% difference in the high-intensity distance covered between 2 players of the same positional role, whereas the player-independent approach yielded negligible (5–7%) differences in total and high-speed distances covered.Conclusions:The authors recommend that individualized speed thresholds be applied to time–motion-analysis data in synergy with the traditional arbitrary approach.

The Construct Validity of the CODA and Repeated Sprint Ability Tests in Football Referees

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (08) ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Amund Riiser ◽  
Vidar Andersen ◽  
Carlo Castagna ◽  
Svein Arne Pettersen ◽  
Atle Saeterbakken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Repeated Sprint Ability ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Local Positioning System ◽  
Ability Tests

AbstractAs of 2017, the international football federation introduced the change of direction ability test (CODA) and the 5×30 m sprint test for assistant referees (ARs) and continued the 6×40 m sprint test for field referees (FRs) as mandatory tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between performance in these tests and running performance during matches at the top level in Norway. The study included 9 FRs refereeing 21 matches and 19 ARs observed 53 times by a local positioning system at three stadiums during the 2016 season. Running performance during matches was assessed by high-intensity running (HIR) distance, HIR counts, acceleration distance, and acceleration counts. For the ARs, there was no association between the CODA test with high-intensity running or acceleration (P>0.05). However, the 5×30 m sprint test was associated with HIR count during the entire match (E −12.9, 95% CI −25.4 to −0.4) and the 5-min period with the highest HIR count (E −2.02, 95% CI −3.55 to −0.49). For the FRs, the 6×40 m fitness test was not associated with running performance during matches (P>0.05). In conclusion, performance in these tests had weak or no associations with accelerations or HIR in top Norwegian referees during match play.

Comparison of Time spent between an electronic and a paper-based laboratory information system by laboratorians at a polyclinic in Greater Accra, Ghana: A time-motion study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Boakye
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Laboratory Information System ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
Motion Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Motion Studies

The acceptance of electronic laboratory information system (LIS) is gradually increasing in developing countries. However, the issue of time effectiveness due to computerization is less clear as there is fewer accessible information. One of the key issues for laboratorians is their indecision with LISs’ would-be effect of time on their work. A polyclinic in Ghana was in the process of implementing electronic LIS. Several of the laboratorians did not have knowledge and skill in computing and there were disagreeing views on the time effectiveness of the LIS after implementation. The management of the polyclinic laboratory was concerned to assess time advantageousness of recording data when using the electronic LIS compared with paper-based LIS. <div><br></div><div>Five randomly selected laboratorians were provided two sheets of paper with tables to document the time they spent for both paper-based and electronic LIS. Data were collected for a total of 230 records,115 electronic LIS and 115 paper-based LIS. The t-test (mean-comparison test) was computed to compare the means of both electronic and paperbased LIS times. </div><div><br></div><div>There was a statistical significant difference in the time spent between electronic and paper-based LIS. The time spent between paper-based and electronic LIS was 0.41 minutes (95% CI 0.15 to 0.66) longer than in electronic LIS. </div><div><br></div><div>LIS can be adopted in polyclinics without having significant negative impact on time spent between electronic and paper-based LIS. More time–motion studies that include laboratorians are however necessary in order to get a more complete picture of time spent between electronic and paper-based LIS. </div>

scholarly journals A Meta-Analytical Comparison of the Effects of Small-Sided Games vs. Running-Based High-Intensity Interval Training on Soccer Players’ Repeated-Sprint Ability

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2781
Author(s):  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
José Afonso ◽  
Hugo Sarmento ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Repeated Sprint Ability ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Sprint Ability

This systematic review with a meta-analysis was conducted to compare the effects of small-sided games (SSGs)-based interventions with the effects of running-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions on soccer players’ repeated sprint ability (RSA). The data sources utilized were Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed. The study eligibility criteria were: (i) parallel studies (SSG-based programs vs. running-based HIIT) conducted in soccer players with no restrictions on age, sex, or competitive level; (ii) isolated intervention programs (i.e., only SSG vs. only running-based HIIT as individual forms) with no restrictions on duration; (iii) a pre–post outcome for RSA; (iv) original, full-text, peer-reviewed articles written in English. An electronic search yielded 513 articles, four of which were included in the present study. There was no significant difference between the effects of SSG-based and HIIT-based training interventions on RSA (effect size (ES) = 0.30; p = 0.181). The within-group analysis revealed no significant effect of SSG-based training interventions (ES = −0.23; p = 0.697) or HIIT-based training interventions (ES = 0.08; p = 0.899) on RSA. The meta-comparison revealed that neither SSGs nor HIIT-based interventions were effective in improving RSA in soccer players, and no differences were found between the two types of training. This suggests that complementary training may be performed to improve the effects of SSGs and HIIT. It also suggests that different forms of HIIT can be used because of the range of opportunities that such training affords.

Nutritional Recommendations for Water Polo

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Cox ◽  
Iñigo Mujika ◽  
Cees-Rein van den Hoogenband
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Dietary Strategies

Water polo is an aquatic team sport that requires endurance, strength, power, swimming speed, agility, tactical awareness, and specific technical skills, including ball control. Unlike other team sports, few researchers have examined the nutritional habits of water polo athletes or potential dietary strategies that improve performance in water polo match play. Water polo players are typically well muscled, taller athletes; female players display higher levels of adiposity compared with their male counterparts. Positional differences exist: Center players are heavier and have higher body fat levels compared with perimeter players. Knowledge of the physical differences that exist among water polo players offers the advantage of player identification as well as individualizing nutrition strategies to optimize desired physique goals. Individual dietary counseling is warranted to ensure dietary adequacy, and in cases of physique manipulation. Performance in games and during quality workouts is likely to improve by adopting strategies that promote high carbohydrate availability, although research specific to water polo is lacking. A planned approach incorporating strategies to facilitate muscle glycogen refueling and muscle protein synthesis should be implemented following intensified training sessions and matches, particularly when short recovery times are scheduled. Although sweat losses of water polo players are less than what is reported for land-based athletes, specific knowledge allows for appropriate planning of carbohydrate intake strategies for match play and training. Postgame strategies to manage alcohol intake should be developed with input from the senior player group to minimize the negative consequences on recovery and player welfare.

Activity profiles and physical demands of elite women's water polo match play

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1095-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frankie Tan ◽  
Ted Polglaze ◽  
Brian Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Match Play ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Water Polo

scholarly journals Time motion studies in healthcare: What are we talking about?

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Lopetegui ◽  
Po-Yin Yen ◽  
Albert Lai ◽  
Joseph Jeffries ◽  
Peter Embi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Motion ◽  
Motion Studies

scholarly journals Effects of Pyruvate Supplementation on High-intensity Interval Exercise Induced Metabolic Acidosis and Repeated Sprint Exercise Performance of College Soccer Athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yanping yang ◽  
Junqiang Qiu ◽  
Mengyue Wang ◽  
Lin Feng ◽  
Dan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Sprint Exercise ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oxidative System

Abstract Background: The effects of pyruvate on metabolic acidosis and oxidative metabolism had been studied. The ability to attenuate acidosis and improve oxidative system contribution are critical to the performance of team sport athletes during perform multiple high-intensity exercise over a limited period of time. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pyruvate supplementation on energy metabolism and metabolic acidosis during high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), as well as to evaluate its role on repeated sprint exercise (RSE) performance.Methods: 14 well-trained male college soccer athletes (age: 20 ± 2 years, body fat: 13.11 ± 3.50 %) were studied in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. The participants ingested either 0.1g/kg/d of pyruvate or a placebo for 1-week. Metabolic acidosis was induced by HIIE after the supplement period, and RSE ability in the acidosis state was assessed. Venous blood pH, bicarbonate (HCO3-) and base excess (BE) were measured at baseline, pre-HIIE, post-HIIE, pre-RSE and post-RSE. Finger-stick blood lactate were collected at baseline, immediately after each bout of HIIE and 3, 5, 7, 10 min after HIIE. The energy systems contribution during HIIE were estimated. Results: Blood pH, HCO3- and BE were significantly lower than baseline after HIIE (p < 0.01) in both pyruvate group (PYR) and placebo group (PLA). Compared to PLA, the blood pH, HCO3- and BE were significantly improved in PYR at pre-HIIE (p < 0.01), post-HIIE (p < 0.01) and pre-RSE (p < 0.01). Furthermore, blood BE remained higher in PYR than PLA till end of RSE (p < 0.05). The contribution of oxidative system in the fourth bout of HIIE was higher in PYR than PLA (p < 0.05). In PLA, the ratio of total anaerobic energy contribution during HIIE was higher than that of aerobic (oxidative) (p < 0.01), but not in PYR (p > 0.05). Relative peak power (RPP) of first, fifth sprint, relative average power (RAP) of fifth sprint, the average of RPP and RAP during RSE were significantly improved in PYR compared with PLA (p < 0.05). While no significant changes in the PD% of each bout (p > 0.05) or average PD% (p > 0.05) were observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Pyruvate supplementation for 1-week enhances oxidative system energy contribution and buffers metabolic acidosis during HIIE, and improves RSE performance in acidosis.

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