Physical-Performance Tests to Evaluate Mobility Disability in Community-Dwelling Elders

The purposes of this study were to evaluate community-dwelling elderly adults with different levels of perceived mobility with 5 physical-performance tests, determine the cutoff values of the 5 tests, and identify the best tests for classifying mobility status. The community-mobility statuses of 203 community-dwelling elders were classified as able, decreased, or disabled based on their self-reported ability to walk several blocks and climb stairs. They also performed the functional reach, timed 50-ft walk, timed 5-step, timed floor transfer, and 5-min-walk endurance tests. We found in all tests that the “able” outperformed the “decreased” and that the “decreased” outperformed the “disabled,” except on the floor-transfer task. The optimum cutoff values of the 5 performance tests were also reported. The 5-min walk and timed 5-step test could best separate the “able” from the “decreased,” whereas the 50-ft-walk-test could best differentiate the “decreased” from the “disabled.” The results suggest that community-mobility function of older adults can be captured by performance tests and that the cutoff values of the 5-min-walk, 5-step, and 50-ft-walk tests can be used in guiding intervention or prevention programs.

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Osteoporosis Detection by Physical Function Tests in Resident Health Exams: A Japanese Cohort Survey Randomly Sampled from a Basic Resident Registry

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10091896 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1896

Author(s):

Ryuji Osawa ◽

Shota Ikegami ◽

Hiroshi Horiuchi ◽

Ryosuke Tokida ◽

Hiroyuki Kato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Performance ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Step Test ◽

Performance Tests ◽

T Score ◽

Japanese Cohort ◽

Increase Fracture Risk

Osteoporosis may increase fracture risk and reduce healthy quality of life in older adults. This study aimed to identify an assessment method using physical performance tests to screen for osteoporosis in community dwelling individuals. A total of 168 women aged 50–89 years without diagnosed osteoporosis were randomly selected from the resident registry of a cooperating town for the evaluation of physical characteristics, muscle strength, and several physical performance tests. The most effective combinations of evaluation items to detect osteoporosis (i.e., T-score ≤ −2.5 at the spine or hip) were selected by multivariate analysis and cutoff values were determined by likelihood ratio matrices. Thirty-six women (21.4%) were classified as having osteoporosis. By analyzing combinations of two-step test (TST) score and body mass index (BMI), osteoporosis could be reliably suspected in individuals with TST ≤ 1.30 and BMI ≤ 23.4, TST ≤ 1.32 and BMI ≤ 22.4, TST ≤ 1.34 and BMI ≤ 21.6, or TST < 1.24 and any BMI. Setting cut-off values for TST in combination with BMI represents an easy and possibly effective screening tool for osteoporosis detection in resident health exams.

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RISING FROM THE FLOOR IN PERSONS WITH PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.1768 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S474-S475

Author(s):

Dennis W Klima ◽

Jeremy Stewart ◽

Frank Freijomil ◽

Mary DiBartolo

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Performance Measure ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Gait Velocity ◽

Performance Tests ◽

Motor Patterns ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract While considerable research has targeted gait, balance and preventing falls in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD), less in known about the ability to rise from the floor in this population. The aims of this study were to 1) Examine the relationship between locomotion and physical performance tests and the timed supine to stand performance measure and to 2) Identify both the time required and predominant motor patterns utilized by persons with PD to complete to floor rise transition. A cross-sectional design was utilized. Twenty community-dwelling older adults with PD (mean age 74.8+/-9.5 years; 13 men) performed a standardized floor rise test and locomotion tests in a structured task circuit. Subject demographic and anthropometric data were also collected. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment correlations. Fifteen subjects (75%) demonstrated the crouch kneel pattern and fourteen (70%) used an all-4’s strategy to rise to stand. The mean time to rise from the floor was 14.9 (+/- 7.6) seconds and slower than published norms for persons without PD. Nine subjects required the use of a chair to perform floor recovery. Supine to stand performance time was significantly correlated with the: Dynamic Gait Index (r= - 0.66; p<0.002), Five Times Sit to Stand Test (r=0.78; p<0.001), Timed Up and Go Test (r=0.74; p<0.001), and gait velocity (r= -0.77; p<0.001). Rising from the floor demonstrates concurrent validity with locomotion and physical performance tests. Floor recovery techniques can be incorporated in fall prevention initiatives in conjunction with PD symptom management.

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Normative values for physical performance tests in community dwelling older, Irish adults

European Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.eurger.2013.07.201 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. S61

Author(s):

R.A. Kenny ◽

R.F. Coen ◽

J. Frewen ◽

H. Cronin ◽

O.A. Donoghue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Performance ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Normative Values ◽

Performance Tests

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Association of Physical Fitness Performance Tests and Anthropometric Indices in Taiwanese Adults

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2020.583692 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Po-Hung Chen ◽

Wei Chen ◽

Cheng-Wei Wang ◽

Hui-Fei Yang ◽

Wan-Ting Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Mass ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Step Test ◽

Performance Tests ◽

Muscular Endurance ◽

Anthropometric Indices ◽

Cardiorespiratory Endurance

BackgroundThe association between physical fitness performance tests and anthropometric indices is not clear. The study aims to explore the association between physical fitness performance and anthropometric indices in Taiwanese community-dwelling adults. This may help in monitoring anthropometric indices to improve physical fitness.MethodsWe recruited 2216 participants aged 23–64 years between 2014 and 2017. Physical fitness performance, including abdominal muscular endurance (60-s sit-up test), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), and cardiorespiratory endurance (3-min step test), was evaluated in all participants. The association of the physical fitness performance and anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), was analyzed using linear regression, with adjustments for age and gender.ResultsBody mass index was negatively associated with abdominal muscular endurance (p < 0.001) and cardiorespiratory endurance (p < 0.001). Neither BMI, WC, WHR, nor WHtR were significantly associated with flexibility. Abdominal muscle endurance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory endurance were significantly lower in obese participants when obesity was defined using a BMI of ≥27, 30, and 35 kg/m2. Participants with central obesity that was defined as WC ≥ 90 cm in men and 80 cm in women and WHtR ≥ 0.6 had lower abdominal muscular endurance than those without central obesity.ConclusionBody mass index is associated with abdominal muscular endurance and cardiorespiratory endurance in a reverse J-shaped manner. None of the anthropometric indices are significantly associated with flexibility. Obesity defined by BMI is linked to worse physical fitness performance and obesity defined using WHtR is linked to lower abdominal muscular endurance in Taiwanese community-dwelling adults.

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Effects of a home-based rehabilitation program in community-dwelling older people after discharge from hospital: A subgroup analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Clinical Rehabilitation ◽

10.1177/02692155211001672 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026921552110016

Author(s):

Turunen Katri Maria ◽

Aaltonen-Määttä Laura ◽

Portegijs Erja ◽

Rantalainen Timo ◽

Keikkala Sirkka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Standard Care ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Control Group ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Community Mobility

Objective: To examine whether pre-admission community mobility explains the effects of a rehabilitation program on physical performance and activity in older adults recently discharged from hospital. Design: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Setting: Home and community. Participants: Community-dwelling adults aged ⩾60 years recovering from a lower limb or back injury, surgery or other disorder who were randomized to a rehabilitation ( n = 59) or standard care control ( n = 58) group. They were further classified into subgroups that were not planned a priori: (1) mild, (2) moderate, or (3) severe pre-admission restrictions in community mobility. Interventions: The 6-month intervention consisted of a motivational interview, goal attainment process, guidance for safe walking, a progressive home exercise program, physical activity counselling, and standard care. Measurements: Physical performance was measured with the Short Physical Performance Battery and physical activity with accelerometers and self-reports. Data were analysed by generalized estimating equation models with the interactions of intervention, time, and subgroup. Results: Rehabilitation improved physical performance more in the intervention ( n = 30) than in the control group ( n = 28) among participants with moderate mobility restriction: score of the Short Physical Performance Battery was 4.4 ± 2.3 and 4.2 ± 2.2 at baseline, and 7.3 ± 2.6 and 5.8 ± 2.9 at 6 months in the intervention and control group, respectively (mean difference 1.6 points, 95% Confidence Interval 0.2 to 3.1). Rehabilitation did not increase accelerometer-based physical activity in the aforementioned subgroup and did not benefit those with either mild or severe mobility restrictions. Conclusions: Pre-admission mobility may determine the response to the largely counselling-based rehabilitation program.

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Association of physical performance tests with frailty indicators and oxidative stress markers in a sample of a community-dwelling elderly population

Biomedical Research ◽

10.4066/biomedicalresearch.29-18-806 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (17) ◽

Author(s):

Levy Munguia ◽

Vannia Solis ◽

Eduardo Meaney ◽

Israel Ramirez Sanchez ◽

Francisco Villarreal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Performance Tests ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Stress Markers ◽

And Oxidative Stress

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Correlation of Physical Performance and Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.1177/1071100716672656 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 115-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Evan P. McConnell ◽

Robin M. Queen

Keyword(s):

Physical Performance ◽

Functional Recovery ◽

Patient Reported Outcomes ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Total Ankle Arthroplasty ◽

Step Test ◽

Performance Tests ◽

Ankle Arthroplasty ◽

Sf 36 ◽

Patient Reported

Background: Functional recovery following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is assessed with patient-reported metrics, but physical performance tests may allow for a more accurate assessment of patient function. We quantified correlations between patient-reported measures and physical performance tests in patients after TAA to determine the usefulness of physical performance tests in post-TAA assessment. Methods: In total, 140 patients with end-stage ankle osteoarthritis were assessed prior to TAA and again at 12 and 24 months postoperatively. At each time point, the visual analog scale (VAS), Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI), American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS), Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA), and Short-Form 36 (SF-36) scores were collected, as well as walking speed, Four-Square Step Test (FSST) times, and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) balance scores. Results: All but 1 (SF-36 general health component) of the patient-reported outcomes improved significantly from preoperative assessment to both 1 and 2 years postoperatively ( P < .001 in all cases). Walking speed, FSST times, and balance scores improved significantly across time ( P < .001 in all cases). Walking speed was moderately correlated with total SF-36 scores at both 1 and 2 years postoperatively ( P < .001 in both cases), both components of the SMFA at 1 year postoperatively ( P < .001 in both cases), and total AOFAS scores at 2 years postoperatively ( P = .001). Conclusion: The lack of strong correlations between the 2 sets of metrics indicates that they provide different information about a patient’s recovery following TAA. Therefore, it is important to include both sets of metrics in post-TAA assessments to better understand operative success and functional recovery. Level of Evidence: Level IV, cohort study.

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