Relationship Between Muscle Strength Asymmetry and Body Sway in Older Adults

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between muscle strength asymmetry and body sway while walking. We studied 63 older adult women. Strong side and weak side of knee extension strength, toe grip strength, hand grip strength, and body sway while walking were measured. The relationship between muscle strength asymmetry for each muscle and body sway while walking was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Regarding the muscles recognized to have significant correlation with body sway, the asymmetry cutoff value causing an increased sway was calculated. Toe grip strength asymmetry was significantly correlated with body sway. Toe grip strength asymmetry causing an increased body sway had a cutoff value of 23.5%. Our findings suggest toe grip strength asymmetry may be a target for improving gait stability.

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Despite reductions in muscle mass and muscle strength in adults with CHD, the muscle strength per muscle mass relationship does not differ from controls

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951120004709 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Camilla Sandberg ◽

Albert G Crenshaw ◽

Christina Christersson ◽

Joanna Hlebowicz ◽

Ulf Thilén ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Muscle Force ◽

Elbow Flexion ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Limb Muscle ◽

X Ray ◽

Hand Grip ◽

The Relationship ◽

Isometric Muscle

Abstract Background: Patients with CHD exhibit reduced isometric muscle strength and muscle mass; however, little is known how these parameters relate. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the relation between isometric limb muscle strength and muscle mass for patients in comparison to age- and sex-matched control subjects. Methods: Seventy-four patients (35.6 ± 14.3 years, women n = 22) and 74 matched controls were included. Isometric muscle strength in elbow flexion, knee extension, and hand grip was assessed using dynamometers. Lean mass, reflecting skeletal muscle mass, in the arms and legs was assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: Compared to controls, patients had lower muscle strength in elbow flexion, knee extension, and hand grip, and lower muscle mass in the arms (6.6 ± 1.8 kg versus 5.8 ± 1.7 kg, p < 0.001) and legs (18.4 ± 3.5 kg versus 15.9 ± 3.2 kg, p < 0.001). There was no difference in achieved muscle force per unit muscle mass in patients compared to controls (elbow flexion 0.03 ± 0.004 versus 0.03 ± 0.005 N/g, p = 0.5; grip strength 0.008 ± 0.001 versus 0.008 ± 0.001 N/g, p = 0.7; knee extension 0.027 ± 0.06 versus 0.028 ± 0.06 N/g, p = 0.5). For both groups, muscle mass in the arms correlated strongly with muscle strength in elbow flexion (patients r = 0.86, controls, r = 0.89), hand grip (patients, r = 0.84, controls, r = 0.81), and muscle mass in the leg to knee extension (patients r = 0.64, controls r = 0.68). Conclusion: The relationship between isometric muscle strength and limb muscle mass in adults with CHD indicates that the skeletal muscles have the same efficiency as in healthy controls.

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Association between Mediterranean diet and hand grip strength in older adult women

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.clnu.2018.03.012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 721-729 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Luigi Barrea ◽

Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽

Carolina Di Somma ◽

Giovanni Tramontano ◽

Vincenzo De Luca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grip Strength ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Older Adult ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Adult Women ◽

Hand Grip

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Impact of daily protein and energy intake and distribution on muscle mass and strength in Danish older individuals-The CALM study

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120000518 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Yusuke Nishimura ◽

Grith Hojfeldt ◽

Simon Rønnow Schacht ◽

Kenneth Mertz ◽

Morten Hjulmand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Energy ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Energy Ratio ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Hand Grip

AbstractThe importance of dietary protein for the maintenance of muscle mass and strength is heavily discussed. However, adequate energy intake is an underlying assumption but often not considered. In this study, we investigated the impact of daily intake and meal distribution of both protein and energy on muscle mass and strength. In a cross-sectional study, a total of 184 older individuals (gender: 86F/98M, age: 70.2 ± 3.9 yrs, BMI: 25.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2; means ± SD) were recruited. Participants underwent a 3-day weighed dietary record, Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan, hand-grip strength, and Maximal Voluntary Isometric knee-extension Contraction (MVIC). Participants were divided into two categories: lower (LOW; < 0.83 g/adjusted(a)BW/day) or higher (HIGH; ≥ 1.1 g/aBW/day) protein intake levels analysed by gender to characterize a daily protein and energy intake pattern. Main meal protein and energy intake distributions were calculated, and correlations were made. Further, energy intake at breakfast and lunch divided by total energy intake (energy ratio) was correlated with appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI), hand-grip strength, and MVIC were determined using the LOW/HIGH-protein-intake categorization. Further, gender-specific ASMI, hand-grip strength and knee extension were compared based on the following four distinct daily protein intake ranges: < 0.66; ≥ 0.66- < 0.83; ≥ 0.83- < 1.1; ≥ 1.1 g/aBW/day. A positive correlation appeared between protein and energy intake in all main meals (r ≥ 0.57, p < 0.0001). In the LOW category, positive correlations were found between energy ratio and ASMI (r = 0.16, p = 0.048), hand-grip strength (r = 0.40, p = 0.0009), and MVIC (r = 0.36, p = 0.0019), whereas no associations were found in the HIGH category. ASMI, hand grip, and MVIC were similar regardless of the protein intake ranges, though with women being lower than men (p < 0.05) in all outcomes. These results show that total daily protein intake did not affect muscle mass and strength in our cohort. However, our data demonstrate that greater energy intake in breakfast and lunch relative to total energy intake is associated with higher muscle mass and strength, particularly when protein intake is lower than 0.83 g/aBW/day, indicating the potential importance of meal energy content at lower intakes of protein.

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The Relationship between Muscular Strength and Depression in Older Adults with Chronic Disease Comorbidity

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17186830 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (18) ◽

pp. 6830

Author(s):

Jae-Moo Lee ◽

Edward J. Ryan

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Older People ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Muscular Strength ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Ministry Of Health ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

The Relationship

Older adults with disease and disability are particularly vulnerable to experiencing more severe consequences of depression. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between disease comorbidities (number of disease: ND0, 1 disease: ND1 and 2 or more diseases: ND ≥ 2), hand grip strength (low HGS and high HGS), and the prevalence of depression in Korean older adults. Data from the living profiles of older people survey that was conducted by the ministry of health and welfare in Korea were utilized. Data for 6107 females and 4347 males were appropriate for statistical tests. The results demonstrated that depression was more prevalent as ND increased (p < 0.01). In addition, HGS appeared lower as ND increased in both male (p < 0.01) and female subjects (p < 0.01). Furthermore, relative to ND0 and low HGS, ND0 and high HGS showed a ~65% reduction in the prevalence of depression (p < 0.01). After adjusting for age, the prevalence of depression was reduced by ~60% in the subgroup with ND0 and high HGS relative to ND0 and low HGS (p < 0.01). These data demonstrate that muscular strength indices such as HGS may be useful when assessing depression in older adults. Further research in this area is warranted.

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Evaluation of Relationships between Menopause Onset Age and Bone Mineral Density and Muscle Strength in Women from South-Western Poland

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/5410253 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Jarosław Fugiel ◽

Zofia Ignasiak ◽

Anna Skrzek ◽

Teresa Sławińska

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Onset Age ◽

Test Results ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Early Menopause ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Menopausal Women

Introduction. The onset of the menopause entails numerous changes, both physical and mental, in the functioning of the bodies of women. Moreover, the early menopause increases the risk of occurrence of many civilization-related diseases. Major factors contributing to health deficits include lowered bone mineral density and sarcopenia, which can result in serious functional limitations and the acceleration of ageing processes in the body. The aim of this study was to determine how the menopause onset age is linked with bone mineral density and the strength of selected muscles of the limbs and the trunk. Material and Methods. 756 women aged 50-80 years were subjected to tests. The subjects were divided into three groups: (I) from 50 to 59 years, (II) from 60 to 69 years, and (III) from 70 to 79 years. Each of the women specified the age when her final menstrual period occurred. On this basis, groups of women with (1) the early menopause—before the 50th year of life—and (2) with the late menopause—after the 50th year of life—were distinguished. Bone mineral density (BMD), dominant hand grip strength, knee extensor and flexor strength, and functional upper and lower body muscle strength were determined in each of the women. Results. The test results indicate differences in levels of muscle strength and BMD between the 50-year-old early- and late-menopausal women. The late-menopausal women score better motor ability test results and higher BMD values. The differences decrease in the groups of 60-year-old women, whereas the 70-year-old early- and late-menopausal women score similar results. Conclusions. A higher percentage of women with a lowered bone mass and a lower strength level was found in the group of early-menopausal subjects. The rate of decline in hand grip strength, the functional efficiency of the upper and lower limbs, and BMD is faster in the late-menopausal women, whereby the two groups of 70-year-old women score similar test results.

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Association of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) with Muscle Strength in Community-Dwelling Elderly with Knee Osteoarthritis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17072260 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 2260 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mi-Ji Kim ◽

Byeong-Hun Kang ◽

Soo-Hyun Park ◽

Bokyoung Kim ◽

Gyeong-Ye Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Functional Limitation ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Womac Pain ◽

Womac Function

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between muscle strength and knee symptoms (pain, stiffness, and functional limitation) regardless of the presence of radiologic knee osteoarthritis (RKOA) in community-dwelling elderly. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Namgaram-2 cohort. The Namgaram-2 cohort consisted of participants living in three rural communities. Such participants were included for studies on activity limitation due to age-related musculoskeletal disorders including knee osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), a health assessment tool for patients with arthritis in lower extremities, was used to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Muscle strengths were measured by knee strength (by using the isokinetic dynamometer) and hand grip strength. Results: The WOMAC pain of Kallgren–Lawrence (K/L) grade < 2 was correlated with age, grip strength, nutrition status, and knee extension 180 peak torque. The WOMAC pain of K/L grade ≥ 2 was correlated with age, nutrition status, and knee extension 60 peak torque. The WOMAC stiffness of K/L grade < 2 was correlated with having a spouse, nutrition status, and knee extension 60 peak torque. The WOMAC stiffness of K/L grade ≥ 2 was correlated with knee extension 60 peak torque. The WOMAC function of K/L grade < 2 was correlated with age, grip strength, osteoporosis, nutrition status, and knee extension 180 peak torque. The WOMAC function of K/L grade ≥ 2 was correlated with age, nutrition status, and knee extension 60 peak torque. Conclusion: Muscle strength as measured by grip strength and knee extension was statistically significantly correlated with the WOMAC scores in patients with knee symptoms regardless of whether radiologic signs of knee osteoarthritis were observed.

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Heterogeneity in the vasodilatory function of individual extremities

Vascular ◽

10.1177/1708538119868411 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 87-95

Author(s):

Tomoyasu Kadoguchi ◽

Masahiro Horiuchi ◽

Shintaro Kinugawa ◽

Koichi Okita

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Brachial Artery ◽

Popliteal Artery ◽

Muscle Activity ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Flow Mediated Dilation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Vasodilatory Function

Objectives Heterogeneity and homogeneity in the flow-mediated dilation of the human body's individual extremities are not fully understood, and the relationship between flow-mediated dilation and local muscle activity is unclear. We assessed the flow-mediated dilation of four individual extremities and sought to determine the contribution of local muscle activity (evaluated as muscle strength) to the flow-mediated dilation in each extremity. Methods Thirteen healthy young right-handed nonactive males participated. The flow-mediated dilation in the brachial and popliteal arteries at both arms and legs was assessed by ultrasound Doppler. Muscle strength was evaluated as the grip strength and knee extension. Results There was a significant difference in the brachial artery (BA)-FMD values between the subjects' dominant and non-dominant sides (8.0 ± 2.8 vs. 5.5 ± 2.2%, p < 0.05), whereas the two sides showed similar popliteal artery (PA)-FMD values. There was no significant correlation in flow-mediated dilation between the dominant brachial artery and popliteal artery. The BA-FMD was significantly correlated with the grip strength in both upper extremities (dominant: r = 0.562, non-dominant: r = 0.548; p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion These results demonstrated heterogeneity in the flow-mediated dilation of individual extremities. We observed that local muscle activity can affect the local vascular function. Measurements of vasodilatory function in individual extremities should thus be carefully considered.

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Determination of the relationship between the wrist isokinetic muscle strenght and the grip strength in tennis players aged between 12-14

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967117s00070 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2_suppl2) ◽

pp. 2325967117S0007

Author(s):

Bihter Akınoğlu ◽

Tuğba Kocahan ◽

Necmiye Ün Yıldırım ◽

Çağlar Soylu ◽

Adnan Hasanoğlu

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Standing Position ◽

Dominant Hand ◽

Sitting Position ◽

Wrist Flexion ◽

Tennis Players ◽

Isokinetic Muscle Strength ◽

The Relationship ◽

Flexion And Extension

Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between isokinetic wrist muscle strenght and grip strength in tennis players aged between 12-14. Methods: This study was carried out with the participation of 9 (3 female and 6 male) tennis players aged between 12-14 (means 13,22±0,83). Weight, height, body mass index and dominant extremity of the players were recorded. İsokinetic measurement was performed with Isomed 2000® device. İsokinetic testing protocol; before the test all players performed the wrist flexion and extension isokinetic test with the 5 repeating at 90 º/sec as a warm-up and for comprehenting the test. Then, wrist flexion and extension concentric-concentric strength measurements were performed with the 5 repeating at 60 º/sec and with the 15 repeating at 240 º/sec with the angle between 50 degrees of wrist flexion and 60 degrees of wrist extension and peak torque values were recorded. Standard Jamar® Dynamometer was used for grip strength measurements. Grip strenght was performed firstly in sitting position, which is the position of standard measurement. Secondly, in standing position, the elbow was in full ekstansion and the forearm was in neutral position. Thirdly, in standing position the wrist was positioned approximately 30° extension and 10° ulnar deviation. This test was repeated 3 times in all test position and the mean of three scores were recorded. Firstly, the dominant hand, then the non-dominant hand was evoluated. They were allowed to rest for 30 seconds between each grip measurement. Correlation between peak tork of isokinetic muscle strenght and grip strength was done having been used Spearman correlation test. Findings: It was determined that there was a significant positive relation between wrist flexion-extension isokinetic muscle strength and grip strenght in tennis players aged between 12-14. Clinically, grip strength measured in the standard sitting position was found more as compared to the other positions but these values were not statistically significant (p>0,05). Accordingly, grip strength measured in the standard sitting position correlated with much more of the parameters which we evaluated for isokinetic muscle strength comparing to grip strenght measured in the other two positions (p<0,05). Results: It was concluded that isokinetic muscle strength of wrist can be affected by grip strength, therefore measurement needs to be done in the sitting position which maximum grip strength may reveal. [Table: see text]

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Measurement of Muscle Strength in Haemodialysis Patients by Pinch and Hand Grip Strength and Comparison to Lean Body Mass Measured by Multifrequency Bio-Electrical Impedance

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000447023 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 268-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Yukie Omichi ◽

Methavee Srivareerat ◽

Kwanpeemai Panorchan ◽

George H.B. Greenhall ◽

Sanjana Gupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Whole Body ◽

Pinch Strength ◽

Segmental Body ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Total Body ◽

Venous Fistula

Background: Muscle weakness is a risk factor for mortality in haemodialysis (HD) patients; we wished to determine whether measuring the composition of the arm with bioimpedance was associated with arm muscle strength. Methods: We measured pinch strength (PS) and hand grip strength (HGS) in 250 adult HD patients with corresponding post-dialysis multifrequency bioelectrical assessments with segmental body analysis. Results: Mean age 64.0 ± 15.6, 66% male and 45.6% diabetic. The maximum HGS in the dominant or non-fistula arm was 18.9 ± 9.2 kg and PS 4.09 ± 1.96 kg respectively, with a correlation of r = 0.80, p < 0.001. HGS was associated with body cell mass (β 0.37, p < 0.001) and PS with appendicular muscle mass (β 0.06, p < 0.001). Both HGS and PS were independently associated with the ratio of extracellular water (ECW) to total body water (TBW); β -139.5, p = 0.024, β -44.8, p < 0.001 in the arm. The presence of an arterio-venous fistula increased the ECW/TBW ratio in the arm from 0.383 ± 0.009 to 0.390 ± 0.012, p < 0.05. Conclusion: Muscle strength measured by HGS and PS was associated with both markers of whole body and segmental body composition within the arm, particularly ECW/TBW. Bioimpedance measurements and assessment of muscle strength should be measured in the non-fistula arm.

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The Relationship of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) With Cerebral Lateralization and Grip Strength in Elite Swimmers

Journal of Education and Training Studies ◽

10.11114/jets.v6i4.3040 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

Hakan Acar ◽

Nebahat Eler

Keyword(s):

Grip Strength ◽

Hand Preference ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Dominant Hand ◽

Men And Women ◽

Left Hand ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Elite Swimmers ◽

The Relationship ◽

Right And Left Hand

The index finger and the 4th finger ratio (2D:4D) is the indicator of the prenatal testosterone. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between 2D:4D, hand preference and hand grip strength in swimmers. A total of 80 elite swimmers, participated in the study. Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), hand 2D:4D finger measurements and hand grip strength tests were performed for athletes. The hand preference was determined by the Oldfield questionnaire and it was evaluated according to the Geschwind score. The data were recorded in the SPSS 20 program and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. It was found that in both men and women, a negative correlation was found between right and left hand 2D:4D and both dominant (DHGS) and non-dominant hand grip strength (NDHGS) values. It was found that men had lower 2D:4D ratio than women. For both right and left handed, there was a statistically significant difference between the right and left hand 2D:4D ratios in both men and women (p<0.05) and the dominant hand (DH) 2D:4D ratios were found to be lower than non-dominant hand (NDH) 2D:4D ratios in both men and women (p<0.05) It can be said that the 2D:4D ratios may be the effect of determining the hand preference, the grip strength and therefore the strength.

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