scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Training of Peripheral Muscles Versus Respiratory Muscles in Older Adults With Sarcopenia Who are Institutionalized: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria À. Cebrià i Iranzo ◽  
Mercè Balasch-Bernat ◽  
María Á. Tortosa-Chuliá ◽  
Sebastià Balasch-Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Peripheral Muscle

This study compares the effects of two resistance training programs in peripheral and respiratory musculature on muscle mass and strength and physical performance and identifies the appropriate muscle mass parameter for assessing the intervention effects. Thirty-seven institutionalized older Spanish adults with sarcopenia were analyzed: control group (n = 17), respiratory muscle training group (n = 9), and peripheral muscle training group (n = 11). Measured outcomes were appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM/height2, ASM/weight, and ASM/BMI), isometric knee extension, arm flexion and handgrip strength, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and gait speed pre- and postintervention. Trained groups participated in a 12-week program and improved in maximum static inspiratory pressure, maximum static expiratory pressure, knee extension, and arm flexion (p < .05), whereas nonsignificant changes were found in gait speed and ASM indexes pre- and postintervention in the three groups. In conclusion, resistance training improved skeletal muscle strength in the studied population, and any ASM index was found to be appropriate for detecting changes after physical interventions.

Resistance training affects GLUT-4 content in skeletal muscle of humans after 19 days of head-down bed rest

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 909-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izumi Tabata ◽  
Youji Suzuki ◽  
Tetsuo Fukunaga ◽  
Toshiko Yokozeki ◽  
Hiroshi Akima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Voluntary Contractions

This study assessed the effects of inactivity on GLUT-4 content of human skeletal muscle and evaluated resistance training as a countermeasure to inactivity-related changes in GLUT-4 content in skeletal muscle. Nine young men participated in the study. For 19 days, four control subjects remained in a −6° head-down tilt at all times throughout bed rest, except for showering every other day. Five training group subjects also remained at bed rest, except during resistance training once in the morning. The resistance training consisted of 30 isometric maximal voluntary contractions for 3 s each; leg-press exercise was used to recruit the extensor muscles of the ankle, knee, and hip. Pauses (3 s) were allowed between bouts of maximal contraction. Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from the lateral aspect of vastus lateralis (VL) muscle before and after the bed rest. GLUT-4 content in VL muscle of the control group was significantly decreased after bed rest (473 ± 48 vs. 398 ± 66 counts ⋅ min−1 ⋅ μg membrane protein−1, before and after bed rest, respectively), whereas GLUT-4 significantly increased in the training group with bed rest (510 ± 158 vs. 663 ± 189 counts ⋅ min−1 ⋅ μg membrane protein−1, before and after bed rest, respectively). The present study demonstrated that GLUT-4 in VL muscle decreased by ∼16% after 19 days of bed rest, and isometric resistance training during bed rest induced a 30% increase above the value of GLUT-4 before bed rest.

Effects of Protein Intake Beyond Habitual Intakes Associated With Resistance Training on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Parameters, Isokinetic Strength, and Body Composition in Older Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-552
Author(s):  
Hellen C.G. Nabuco ◽  
Crisieli M. Tomeleri ◽  
Rodrigo R. Fernandes ◽  
Paulo Sugihara Junior ◽  
Edilaine F. Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Score Risk

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of protein intake beyond habitual intakes associated with resistance training on metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related parameters, isokinetic strength, and body composition in health older women. A total of 30 older women (68.8 ± 4.3 years) participated in this investigation and were assigned to receive 35 g of whey protein or placebo combined with resistance training, over 12-weeks, three times per week. Blood samples, blood pressure, dietary intake, strength, and body composition were assessed before and after the intervention period. Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was applied for comparisons. Both groups improved the skeletal muscle mass, muscular strength, waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, glucose, resistance, reactance, and MetSZ-score risk. However, the improvements in skeletal muscle mass, waist circumference, and MetSZ-score risk were significantly greater in protein group when compared with control group. Moreover, protein group significantly decreased %body fat when compared with control group. Higher protein intake combined with resistance training promoted greater improvements in skeletal muscle mass, %body fat, waist circumference, and MetSZ-score risk in older women.

scholarly journals Selection of the optimal respiratory muscle training mode in patients with class II-III chronic heart failure

Kardiologiia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
A. G. Arutyunov ◽  
E. A. Kolesnikova ◽  
K. V. Ilyina ◽  
A. K. Rylova ◽  
G. P. Arutyunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Combined Training

Aim To study the effect of various types of respiratory muscle training (RMT) in patients with functional class (FC) II-III chronic heart failure (CHF) and more than 70% preserved diaphragm muscle mass.Material and methods 53 patients (28 men and 25 women) aged 50-75 years with NYHA FC II-III ischemic heart disease (IHD) and arterial hypertension with more than 70% preserved diaphragm muscle mass of >70% were randomized to one of four RMT types: static loads, dynamic loads, their combination, and breathing without applied resistance as a control. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) and maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) were evaluated at baseline and in 6 months.Results All study groups showed significant improvement of physical endurance indexes compared to baseline values (р<0.05). In pairwise comparison, the groups significantly differed (р<0.01). The greatest improvement was observed for patients of dynamic and combined training groups. Furthermore, in the combined training group, results were significantly higher than in the group of isolated dynamic loads. The most significant (р <0.01), positive changes in the force of inspiratory muscles were observed in groups of dynamic and combined trainings with the best results displayed by patients of the combined training group.Conclusion With preserving more than 70 % of diaphragm muscle tissue (as determined by MIP >60 cm H2O), a combination of static and dynamic RMT is most effective for patients with FC II-III CHF.

scholarly journals PO-109 Resistance Training prevents Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Induced by hypoxia through regulating Akt-FoxO1 pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiabei Yu ◽  
Hang Yu ◽  
Yanchun Li ◽  
Tianyu Han ◽  
Xuecheng Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunofluorescence Technique ◽  
Hypoxia Group ◽  
Wet Weight

Objective Skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia on the plateau will lead to the decrease of muscle strength and the degeneration of athletic ability. Resistance training is an efficient method to stimulate the growth of muscle and improve protein synthesis. Akt-FoxO1 (Fork head box protein 1) pathway plays a significant role in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein degradation. However, it is not clear whether resistance training could prevent skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia and what is the regulation role of Akt-FoxO1 pathway. This study built a rat model that resistance training inhibited the skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia and explore the variation of Akt, FoxO1, Murf and Atrogin-1. Methods 40 male 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 4 groups randomly: control group (C), resistance training group (R), hypoxia group (H) and hypoxia resistance training group (HR). H and HR group were placed into simulated 4000m altitude (12.4%, O2%) and R and HR group received ladder resistance training. Their incremental load is calculated by using average body weight. After 4 weeks intervention of hypoxia and resistance training, body composition, wet weight of skeletal muscle (soleus, musculus gastrocnemius,extensor digitorum longus and muscelus biceps brachii) and skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured. The expression of Akt, FoxO1, Murf and Atrogin-1 were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR.Moreover,immunofluorescence technique was used to locate the phosphorylation of FoxO1.  Results The lean body mass of HR group was significantly higher than H group (P<0.05). The wet weight and CSA of muscelus biceps brachii in HR group were also higher than H group obviously (P<0.05). The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot showed that the expression of FoxO1 and MuRF of hypoxia group (H group) were significantly higher than control group. However after the intervention of resistance training, the expression of Akt was significantly up-regulate and FoxO1, MuRF were significantly down-regulate. Immunofluorescence technique was used to observe the location of FoxO1 phosphorylation and the expression out of nucleus. Conclusions Resistance training contribute to prevent the occurrence of skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia and the form of climbing ladder training can stimulate the hypertrophy of biceps in rats. The results revealed that FoxO1 phosphorylation out of nucleus became higher after resistance training. All above revealed that resistance training could inhibit skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia. Akt promoted FoxO1 phosphorylation may become the molecular mechanisms that resistance training can inhibit the atrophy of skeletal muscle induced by hypoxia.

ASSOCIATION OF MUSCLE STRENGTH AND GAIT SPEED WITH CROSS-SECTIONAL MUSCLE AREA DETERMINED BY MID-THIGH COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY – A COMPARISON WITH SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS MEASURED BY DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
K. Tsukasaki ◽  
Y. Matsui ◽  
H. Arai ◽  
A. Harada ◽  
M. Tomida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Knee Extension Strength ◽  
Leg Extension Power

Background: Muscle mass is often mentioned not to reflect muscle strength. For muscle mass assessment skeletal muscle index (SMI) is often used. We have reported that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived SMI does not change with age in women, whereas the cross-sectional muscle area (CSMA) derived from computed tomography (CT) does. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare CT and DXA for the assessment of muscle tissue. Design & Setting: Cross-sectional study in the local residents. Participants: A total of 1818 subjects (age 40-89 years) randomly selected from community dwellers underwent CT examination of the right mid-thigh to measure the cross-sectional muscle area (CSMA). Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was measured by DXA. The subjects performed physical function tests such as grip strength, knee extension strength, leg extension strength, and gait speed. The correlation between CT-derived CSMA and DXA-derived SMM along with their association with physical function was examined. Results: After controlling for related factors, the partial correlation coefficient of muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) with physical function was larger than that of DXA-derived SMM for gait speed in men (p=0.002) and knee extension strength in women (p=0.03). The partial correlation coefficient of quadriceps (Qc) CSA with physical function was larger than that of DXA-derived SMM for leg extension power in both sexes (p=0.01), gait speed in men (p<0.001), and knee extension strength in women (p<0.001). Conclusion: Mid-thigh CT-derived CSMA, especially Qc CSA, showed significant associations with grip strength, knee extension strength, and leg extension power, which were equal to or stronger than those of DXA-derived SMM in community-dwelling middle-aged and older Japanese people. The mid-thigh CSMA may be a predictor of mobility disability, and is considered to be useful in the diagnosis of sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Resistance Training Alleviates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Rats Exposed to Hypoxia by inhibiting Autophagy Mediated by Acetyl-FoxO1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengyu FU ◽  
KONG Zhaowei ◽  
GONG Lijing ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg ◽  
LI Yanchun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Sequestosome 1 ◽  
Control Group Group

Abstract Background: Skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia could affect the physical fitness and training effect of the athletes in the rapid altitude, and also affect the production and life of the general public. Resistance training in a hypoxic environment could effectively alleviate the occurrence of muscular atrophy. Whether autophagy lysosomal pathway, as an important proteolysis pathway, is involved in this process, and whether FoxO1, the key gene of atrophy, plays a role by regulating autophagy is unclear. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normoxic control group (group C), normoxic resistance-training group (group R), hypoxic control group (group H), and hypoxic resistance-training group (group HR). The H and HR groups were exposed to 12.4% oxygen for four weeks. The R and HR groups underwent incremental loaded training by climbing a ladder every other day for four weeks. Results: Compared to parameters in group H, resistance training increased lean body mass (LBM) and wet weight and decreased the expression of atrogin1 of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) after four weeks ( P <0.05). Resistance training decreased the levels of FoxO1 and Ac-FoxO1 and the extent of their localization in the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively ( P <0.05), as well as the LC3II/LC3I ratio, the integrated optical density (IOD) of LC3 and the levels of autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7), and elevated the levels of sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) ( P <0.05). Most differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (ATGs) interacted with FoxO1, and the functions of these ATGs were mainly enriched in the early autophagy phase. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that resistance training lowers the levels of both nuclear FoxO1 and cytoplasmic Ac-FoxO1, as well as reduced autophagic flux in the EDL of rats exposed to hypoxia.

scholarly journals Tail suspension is useful as a sarcopenia model in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Nemoto ◽  
Toru Goyagi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simple Method

Abstract Background Sarcopenia promotes skeletal muscle atrophy and exhibits a high mortality rate. Its elucidation is of the highest clinical importance, but an animal experimental model remains controversial. In this study, we investigated a simple method for studying sarcopenia in rats. Results Muscle atrophy was investigated in 24-week-old, male, tail-suspended (TS), Sprague Dawley and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Age-matched SD rats were used as a control group. The skeletal muscle mass weight, muscle contraction, whole body tension (WBT), cross-sectional area (CSA), and Muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF-1) were assessed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate the MuRF-1 levels. Two muscles, the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles, were selected for representing fast and slow muscles, respectively. All data, except CSA, were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance, whereas CSA was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Muscle mass weight, muscle contraction, WBT, and CSA were significantly lower in the SHR (n = 7) and TS (n = 7) groups than in the control group, whereas MuRF-1 expression was dominant. Conclusions TS and SHR presented sarcopenic phenotypes in terms of muscle mass, muscle contraction and CSA. TS is a useful technique for providing muscle mass atrophy and weakness in an experimental model of sarcopenia in rats.

scholarly journals Effect of Resistance Training Along with Curcumin Supplementation on Expression of Some Regulator Genes Associated with Cardiac Muscle Structure in Obese Rats

Thrita ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Rauofi ◽  
Sirous Farsi ◽  
Seyed Ali Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity

Background: Reduced physical activity can cause obesity and metabolic syndrome, leading to fibrosis in cardiac muscles and premature cardiac aging. Physical activity, along with herbal supplements, can have a synergistic effect on preventing cardiac muscle proteolysis. Objectives: In this study, the effects of curcumin and resistance training were assessed on cardiac muscle atrophy in obese rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Sprague rats were categorized into four groups, including the placebo, resistance training, curcumin, and resistance training + curcumin. Resistance training was performed three times a week with three sets in each session, repeated five times for eight weeks. During this time, 150 mg/kg curcumin was administered through gavage. Twenty-four hours after finishing resistance training, surgery was performed on the cardiac muscle, and gene expressions of PGC1-α, FOXO1, Murf-1, Atrogin, Collagen1, and Collagen 3 were assessed with real-time PCR. Results: The expression of PGC1-α and FOXO1 genes in both resistance training and resistance training+curcumin groups significantly increased and decreased, respectively, compared to the control group (P = 0.001). The MuRF1 expression in the curcumin+resistance training group decreased significantly (P = 0.013) compared to the placebo and curcumin groups. The expression of collagen type 1 and type 2 in all the three treatment groups had significant decreases compared to the placebo group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Considering the results of this study, resistance training and curcumin supplement each alone can prevent cardiac muscle atrophy. However, the simultaneous use of curcumin supplement and resistance training can lead to synergistic effects.

scholarly journals Effect of Eight Weeks Water Resistance Training with Dark Chocolate Supplementation on the Balance of the Elderly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Mousavi ◽  
Farshad Ghazalian
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Training Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dark Chocolate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Water ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: Improving balance in the daily lives of the elderly plays an important role, especially in reducing their risk of falling. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks water resistance training with dark chocolate supplementation on the balance of the elderly.Methods: In this study, 38 elderly people with an age range of 73-60 years were randomly divided into four groups. Participants in groups, included water resistance training and water resistance training + dark chocolate, performed water resistance training for eight weeks. In this period, groups of dark chocolate and water resistance training + dark chocolate, consumed 6 pieces of dark chocolate 83%, 5 gr per day, and the control group did not have any training or supplementation. The stork test (flamingo) was used to assess balance. The results of covariance analysis (ANOVA) showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the four groups. Data were evaluated using Excel and SPSS-25 (p≤ 0.05). Results: The adjusted means after eliminating the effect of pre-test scores showed that the water resistance-training group had a higher mean than the other three groups and the weakest scores belonged to the control group. The results of other groups were as followed: experimental group 18.77, chocolate group 16.88, combined group (water resistance training + dark chocolate) 17.24 and control group 9.77. The results of Benferoni test showed that there was a significant difference between the water resistance training group and the control group (p = 0.006). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that eight weeks of water resistance training and dark chocolate supplementation can improve the balance and quality of life of the elderly.

scholarly journals Integrative respiratory and skeletal musculature training in patients with functional class II–IV chronic heart failure and low or intermediate left ventricular ejection fraction: Design and rationale

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
J. L. Begrambekova ◽  
N. A. Karanadze ◽  
V. Yu. Mareev ◽  
E. A. Kolesnikova ◽  
Ya. A. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Training

Respiratory system remodeling plays an important role in the progression of congestive heart failure (CHF). Decreased oxygenation of the respiratory muscles during intense physical exertion in patients with CHF may aggravate respiratory failure and provoke hyperactivation of the inspiratory metaborefl ex, thereby aggravating exercise intolerance due to a decrease in muscular system perfusion. Respiratory muscle training can minimize the eff ects of inspiration metaborefl ex activation and prolong the duration of exercise.Trial design. This is a prospective randomized trial with a sham control. The trial will include 40 adult patients of both genders with NYHA II-III CHF and with ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 49%. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either Active or Control group. Active group will receive four-week guided respiratory muscles training followed by 12-week guided aerobic training (treadmill walking). Control group will receive four-week sham respiratory muscles training (THRESHOLD® IMT breathing trainer with level slightly above 0), followed by 12 weeks guided aerobic training (treadmill walking). The primary aim is to compare the eff ect of diff erent training modalities on functional capacity (peak VO2 ). Secondary outcome measures include changes in respiratory muscle strength, serum biomarkers (NT-proBNP and ST2) and Angiotensin II. Health-related quality of life (MLwHFQ.23) and psycho-emotional state of patients also will be assessed.The study also planned an additional analysis with a suitable group of patients who were screened but refused to participate in the study.Conclusion. Heart failure patients often give up exercise due to symptoms of shortness of breath and muscle weakness. We suggest that the training technique based on the inclusion of respiratory muscle training as the fi rst stage of cardiac rehabilitation will positively aff ect the eff ectiveness of subsequent aerobic training in patients with heart failure, by reducing the activity of RAAS and SAS and increasing respiratory effi ciency. 

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