Greater Semantic Memory Activation After Exercise Training Cessation in Older Endurance-Trained Athletes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Junyeon Won ◽  
Alfonso J. Alfini ◽  
Lauren R. Weiss ◽  
James M. Hagberg ◽  
J. Carson Smith
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Neural Efficiency ◽  
Memory Activation

Purpose: To examine the effects of a 10-day exercise-training cessation on semantic memory functional activation in older distance runners. Methods: Ten master runners (62.6 ± 7.0 years) with a long-term endurance-training history (29.0 ± 6.0 years) underwent a 10-day training cessation. Before and immediately after the training cessation, semantic memory activation was measured during the famous name recognition task, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The 10-day training cessation resulted in greater semantic memory activation in three brain regions, including the left inferior frontal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and inferior semilunar lobule. The 10-day training cessation did not significantly alter famous name recognition task performance. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that even a relatively short period without exercise training alters the functional activation patterns of semantic memory–related neural networks. Increased semantic memory activation after training cessation may indicate reduced neural efficiency during successful memory retrieval.

scholarly journals Analysis of Pseudohomophone Orthographic Errors through Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Guardia-Olmos ◽  
Daniel Zarabozo-Hurtado ◽  
Maribe Peró-Cebollero ◽  
Esteban Gudayol-Farré ◽  
Fabiola R. Gómez-Velázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Writing Acquisition ◽  
Fmri Session ◽  
Orthographic Errors ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe study of orthographic errors in a transparent language such as Spanish is an important topic in relation to writing acquisition because in Spanish it is common to write pseudohomophones as valid words. The main objective of the present study was to explore the possible differences in activation patterns in brain areas while processing pseudohomophone orthographic errors between participants with high (High Spelling Skills (HSS)) and low (Low Spelling Skills (LSS)) spelling orthographic abilities. We hypothesize that (a) the detection of orthographic errors will activate bilateral inferior frontal gyri, and that (b) this effect will be greater in the HSS group. Two groups of 12 Mexican participants, each matched by age, were formed based on their results in a group of spelling-related ad hoc tests: HSS and LSS groups. During the fMRI session, two experimental tasks were applied involving correct and pseudohomophone substitution of Spanish words. First, a spelling recognition task and second a letter searching task. The LSS group showed, as expected, a lower number of correct responses (F(1, 21) = 52.72, p <.001, η2 = .715) and higher reaction times compared to the HSS group for the spelling task (F(1, 21) = 60.03, p <.001, η2 = .741). However, this pattern was reversed when the participants were asked to decide on the presence of a vowel in the words, regardless of spelling. The fMRI data showed an engagement of the right inferior frontal gyrus in HSS group during the spelling task. However, temporal, frontal, and subcortical brain regions of the LSS group were activated during the same task.

scholarly journals Linking the association between circRNAs and Alzheimer’s disease progression by multi-tissue circular RNA characterization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
IJu Lo ◽  
Jamie Hill ◽  
Bjarni J. Vilhjálmsson ◽  
Jørgen Kjems
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Cognitive Disability ◽  
Anterior Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Progressive Course

AbstractAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) has devastating consequences for patients during its slow, progressive course. It is important to understand the pathology of AD onset. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to participate in many human diseases including cancers and neurodegenerative conditions. In this study, we mined the published dataset on the AMP-AD Knowledge Portal from the Mount Sinai Brain Bank (MSBB) to describe the circRNA profiles at different AD stage in brain samples from four AD patients brain regions, anterior prefrontal cortex, superior temporal lobe, parahippocampal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. We found in total 147 circRNAs to be differentially expressed (DE) during AD progression in the four regions. We also characterized the mRNA-circRNA co-expression network and annotated the potential function of circRNAs based on the co-expressed modules. Based on our results, we propose that parahippocampal gyrus is the most circRNA-regulated region during the AD progression. The strongest negatively AD stage-correlated module in parahippocampal gyrus were enriched in cognitive disability and pathological-associated pathways such as synapse organization and regulation of membrane potential. Finally, the regression model based on the expression pattern of DE circRNAs in the module could help to distinguish the disease severity of patients, further supported the importance of circRNAs in AD pathology. In conclusion, our finding indicates that circRNAs in parahippocampal gyrus are possible regulators of AD progression and potentially be a therapeutic target or of AD.

Differences in network centrality between high and low myopia: a voxel-level degree centrality study

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1388-1397
Author(s):  
Yi Cheng ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
Liqun Hu ◽  
Hongyun Wu ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Left Caudate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Background Previous studies have linked high myopia (HM) to brain activity, and the difference between HM and low myopia (LM) can be assessed. Purpose To study the differences in functional networks of brain activity between HM and LM by the voxel-level degree centrality (DC) method. Material and Methods Twenty-eight patients with HM (10 men, 18 women), 18 patients with LM (4 men, 14 women), and 59 healthy controls (27 men, 32 women) were enrolled in this study. The voxel-level DC method was used to assess spontaneous brain activity. Correlation analysis was used to explore the change of average DC value in different brain regions, in order to analyze differences in brain activity between HM and LM. Results DC values of the right cerebellum anterior lobe/brainstem, right parahippocampal gyrus, and left caudate in HM patients were significantly higher than those in LM patients ( P < 0.05). In contrast, DC values of the left medial frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, and left inferior parietal lobule were significantly lower in patients with HM ( P < 0.05). However, there was no correlation between behavior and average DC values in different brain regions ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Different changes in brain regions between HM and LM may indicate differences in neural mechanisms between HM and LM. DC values could be useful as biomarkers for differences in brain activity between patients with HM and LM. This study provides a new method to assess differences in functional networks of brain activity between patients with HM and LM.

Dissociable brain correlates for depression, anxiety, dissociation, and somatization in depersonalization-derealization disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Lemche ◽  
Simon A. Surguladze ◽  
Michael J. Brammer ◽  
Mary L. Phillips ◽  
Mauricio Sierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Caudate Head ◽  
Brain Correlates ◽  
The Right

ObjectiveThe cerebral mechanisms of traits associated with depersonalization-derealization disorder (DPRD) remain poorly understood.MethodHappy and sad emotion expressions were presented to DPRD and non-referred control (NC) subjects in an implicit event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design, and correlated with self report scales reflecting typical co-morbidities of DPRD: depression, dissociation, anxiety, somatization.ResultsSignificant differences between the slopes of the two groups were observed for somatization in the right temporal operculum (happy) and ventral striatum, bilaterally (sad). Discriminative regions for symptoms of depression were the right pulvinar (happy) and left amygdala (sad). For dissociation, discriminative regions were the left mesial inferior temporal gyrus (happy) and left supramarginal gyrus (sad). For state anxiety, discriminative regions were the left inferior frontal gyrus (happy) and parahippocampal gyrus (sad). For trait anxiety, discriminative regions were the right caudate head (happy) and left superior temporal gyrus (sad).DiscussionThe ascertained brain regions are in line with previous findings for the respective traits. The findings suggest separate brain systems for each trait.ConclusionOur results do not justify any bias for a certain nosological category in DPRD.

scholarly journals The neural bases of program comprehension: a coordinate-based fMRI meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu Ikutani ◽  
Takeshi D. Itoh ◽  
Takatomi Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Program Comprehension ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Neural Bases ◽  
Kernel Density Analysis

AbstractThe understanding of brain activity during program comprehension have advanced thanks to noninvasive neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, individual neuroimaging studies of program comprehension often provided inconsistent results and made it difficult to identify the neural bases. To identify the essential brain regions, this study performed a small meta-analysis on recent fMRI studies of program comprehension using multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA). Our analysis identified a set of brain regions consistently activated in various program comprehension tasks. These regions consisted of three clusters, each of which centered at the left inferior frontal gyrus pars triangularis (IFG Tri), posterior part of middle temporal gyrus (pMTG), and right middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Additionally, subsequent analyses revealed relationships among the activation patterns in the previous studies and multiple cognitive functions. These findings suggest that program comprehension mainly recycles the language-related networks and partially employs other domain-general resources in the human brain.

scholarly journals Functional Neuroanatomy of Meaning Acquisition from Context

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2153-2166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mestres-Missé ◽  
Estela Càmara ◽  
Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells ◽  
Michael Rotte ◽  
Thomas F. Münte
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Functional Neuroanatomy ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
The Brain

An important issue in language learning is how new words are integrated in the brain representations that sustain language processing. To identify the brain regions involved in meaning acquisition and word learning, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Young participants were required to deduce the meaning of a novel word presented within increasingly constrained sentence contexts that were read silently during the scanning session. Inconsistent contexts were also presented in which no meaning could be assigned to the novel word. Participants showed meaning acquisition in the consistent but not in the inconsistent condition. A distributed brain network was identified comprising the left anterior inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45), the middle temporal gyrus (BA 21), the parahippocampal gyrus, and several subcortical structures (the thalamus and the striatum). Drawing on previous neuroimaging evidence, we tentatively identify the roles of these brain areas in the retrieval, selection, and encoding of the meaning.

scholarly journals Males are more sensitive to reward and less sensitive to loss than females among people with internet gaming disorder: fMRI evidence from a card-guessing task

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Zhang ◽  
Yan Hu ◽  
Ziliang Wang ◽  
Xiaoxia Du ◽  
Guangheng Dong
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Keywords Internet

Abstract Background Many studies have found an interesting issue in the Internet gaming disorder (IGD): males are always observed to be the majority. Explore why males are more vulnerable to IGD than females could help in understanding the underlying neural mechanism of IGD. Methods Data from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were collected from 111 subjects (IGD: 29 male, 25 female; recreational gaming use (RGU): 36 male, 21 female) while they were performing a card-guessing task. We collected and compared their brain features when facing the win and loss conditions in different groups. Results For winning conditions, the gender × addiction group interaction results showed hyperactivity in the thalamus, parahippocampal gyrus and hypoactive inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in the males with IGD relative to females. For lossing conditions, the gender × addiction group interaction results showed that compared to females with IGD, males with IGD showed decreased brain activities in the IFG and lingual gyrus. Conclusions Males and females showed opposite activation patterns in IGD degree and rewards/losses processing. And male IGD subjects are more sensitive to reward and less sensitive to loss than females, which might be the reason for the gender different rates on IGD. Keywords: Internet gaming disorder; Gender; Reward processing; Loss processing

scholarly journals Ventral Prefrontal Function Mediates Resileince to Bipolar Disorder: An fMRI Study of BD Patients and Their Unaffected Siblings

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. Haldane ◽  
M. Kempton ◽  
S. Frangou
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
List Type ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Prefrontal Function

Background and aims:Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterised by emotional dysregulation; abnormal emotional information processing is likely to be a component of genetic predisposition to BD.Method:Functional magnetic resonance imaging data was collected during an event-related facial affect recognition task (fearful, angry, sad expressions), from: 41 BDI patients, 22 of their unaffected siblings, and 51 controls. A random effects analysis was implemented using SPM5.Results:Patients, relative to controls had significantly:a.reduced activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus and middle occipital gyrus and,b.enhanced activation bilaterally in the posterior cingulate and in the left postcentral gyrus; in the temporal lobe, increased activation was seen in the hippocampus and amygdale bilaterally and in the middle and inferior temporal gyri.Siblings, relative to controls showed significantly enhanced activation in the inferior frontal gyrus and in the parahippocampal gyrus and amydgala. Siblings relative to patients had significantly higher activation in the inferior frontal gyrus.Conclusions:In BD patients there is evidence of increased limbic activation and decreased cortical efficiency during facial affect processing; increased ventral PFC activation in siblings, in the presence of increased limbic activation, may serve as a compensatory mechanism mediating resilience to disease expression.

When Three Is Not Some: On the Pragmatics of Numerals

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 854-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einat Shetreet ◽  
Gennaro Chierchia ◽  
Nadine Gaab
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Scalar Implicature ◽  
Activation Pattern ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Context Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Left Middle

Both numerals and quantifiers (like some) have more than one possible interpretation (i.e., weak and strong interpretations). Some studies have found similar behavior for numerals and quantifiers, whereas others have shown critical differences. It is, therefore, debated whether they are processed in the same way. A previous fMRI investigation showed that the left inferior frontal gyrus is linked to the computation of the strong interpretation of quantifiers (derived by a scalar implicature) and that the left middle frontal gyrus and the medial frontal gyrus are linked to processing the mismatch between the strong interpretation of quantifiers and the context in which they are presented. In the current study, we attempted to characterize the similarities and differences between numbers and quantifiers by examining brain activation patterns related to the processing of numerals in these brain regions. When numbers were presented in a mismatch context (i.e., where their strong interpretation did not match the context), they elicited brain activations similar to those previously observed with quantifiers in the same context type. Conversely, in a match context (i.e., where both interpretations of the scalar item matched the context), numbers elicited a different activation pattern than the one observed with quantifiers: Left inferior frontal gyrus activations in response to the match condition showed decrease for numbers (but not for quantifiers). Our results support previous findings suggesting that, although they share some features, numbers and quantifiers are processed differently. We discuss our results in light of various theoretical approaches linked to the representation of numerals.

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