Physiology of 1-Mile Walk Test in Older Adults

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo Bazzano ◽  
Lee N. Cunningham ◽  
Giovanni Cama ◽  
Tony Falconio
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Physiologic Data

This study examined the physiology of the 1-mile walk test as administered in the field with 16 (7 M, 9 F) older adults (mean age 66.1 ± 5.9 yrs). Physiologic data were obtained via a Cosmed K2 miniaturized O2analyzer with telemetric capabilities during a maximal treadmill (TM) test and a 1-mile walk test (MWT). Oxygen consumption (ml · kg−1· min−1), minute ventilation (L · min−1), and heart rate (b · min−1) values obtained at maximal levels on the TM were 25.6 ± 7.6, 57 ± 17, and 155 ± 16, respectively. The measured V̇O2submax during the MWT was 18.5 + 5, V̇Esubmax was 44 ± 10, and HR submax was 140 ± 19. The subjects were able to hold 74% of the V̇O2max, 81% of V̇Emax, and 91% of HR max. An upward drift for HR and V̇Ewas noted while V̇O2remained constant throughout the MWT. The MWT with older subjects requires a vigorous level of metabolic and cardiorespiratory intensity. For healthy older adults who have been properly screened for hidden metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, participation in the MWT appears feasible.

Peak Heart Rate during the 6-Minute Walk Test Predicts Cognitive Performance of Healthy Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5S) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Nicole S. Spink ◽  
Erik A. Anderson ◽  
Ranier Castillo ◽  
Roger A. Chandler ◽  
Tori Coleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
6 Minute Walk Test ◽  
Minute Walk

Effect of exercise training on heart rate variability in healthy older adults

1999 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis K. Stein ◽  
Ali A. Ehsani ◽  
Peter P. Domitrovich ◽  
Robert E. Kleiger ◽  
Jeffrey N. Rottman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

scholarly journals Effects of a Wearable Carriage Aid on Whole-Body Physiological Measures and Balance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8076
Author(s):  
Saad A. Alabdulkarim ◽  
Abdulsalam M. Farhan ◽  
Mohamed Z. Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Load Mass

Carriage tasks are common and can lead to shoulder and lower back injuries. Wearable carriage aids have shown mixed effects on local physical demand measures. This study examined the impact of a wearable carriage aid on whole-body physiological measures (normalized oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, respiratory rate, and heart rate) to obtain a more comprehensive assessment regarding aid effectiveness. Additionally, this study investigated the effect of wearing the device on perceived balance. The potential moderating effect of carried load mass was considered. The examination was conducted while walking on a treadmill at a constant speed (2 km/h) for 5 min and was completed by 16 participants. Wearing the device reduced normalized oxygen consumption (~14%), minute ventilation (~7%), and heart rate (~3%), while substantially improving perceived balance (~61%). These effects were consistent across examined carried load levels. Although this study highlighted the potential for the developed aid, future studies are required for more diverse and realistic testing conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of short moderate intensity exercise bouts on cardiovascular function and maximal oxygen consumption in sedentary older adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karani Magutah ◽  
Kihumbu Thairu ◽  
Nilesh Patel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

AimTo investigate effect of <10 min moderate intensity exercise on cardiovascular function and maximal oxygen consumption (V˙ O2max) among sedentary adults.MethodsWe studied 53 sedentary urbanites aged ≥50 years, randomised into: (1) male (MS) and (2) female (FS) undertaking three short-duration exercise (5–10 min) daily, and (3) male (ML) and (4) female (FL) exercising 30–60 min 3–5 days weekly. Resting systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate and V˙ O2max were measured at baseline and 8 weekly for 24 weeks.ResultsAt baseline, 50% MS, 61.5% ML, 53.8% FS and 53.8% FL had SBP ≥120 mm Hg, and 14.3% MS, 53.8% ML, 23.1% FS and 38.5% FL had DBP ≥80 mm Hg. At 24 weeks, where SBP remained ≥120 mm Hg, values decreased from 147±19.2 to 132.3±9.6 mm Hg (50% of MS), from 144±12.3 to 128±7.0 mm Hg (23.1% of ML), from 143.1±9.6 to 128.0±7.0 mm Hg (53.8% of FS) and from 152.3±23.7 to 129±3.7 mm Hg (30.8% of FL). For DBP ≥80 mm Hg, MS and FS percentages maintained, but values decreased from 101±15.6 to 84.5±0.7 mm Hg (MS) and 99.0±3.6 to 87.7±4.9 mm Hg (FS). In ML and FL, percentage with DBP ≥80 mm Hg dropped to 15.4% (86.1±6.5 to 82.5±3.5 mm Hg) and (91.4±5.3 to 83.5±0.71 mm Hg). V˙ O2max increased from 26.1±4.4 to 32.0±6.2 for MS, from 25.8±5.1 to 28.8±5.4 for ML (group differences p=0.02), from 20.2±1.8 to 22.7±2.0 for FS and from 21.2±1.9 to 24.2±2.7 for FL (groups differences p=0.38).ConclusionAccumulated moderate intensity exercise bouts of <10 min confer similar-to-better cardiovascular and V˙ O2max improvements compared with current recommendations among sedentary adults.

Oxygen Consumption, Heart Rate, Rating of Perceived Exertion, and Systolic Blood Pressure with Water Treadmill Walking

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Dolbow ◽  
Richard S. Farley ◽  
Jwa K. Kim ◽  
Jennifer L. Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Water Treadmill

The purpose of this study was to examine the cardiovascular responses to water treadmill walking at 2.0 mph (3.2 km/hr), 2.5 mph (4.0 km/hr), and 3.0 mph (4.8 km/hr) in older adults. Responses to water treadmill walking in 92 °F (33 °C) water were compared with responses to land treadmill walking at 70 °F (21 °C) ambient temperature. After an accommodation period, participants performed 5-min bouts of walking at each speed on 2 occasions. Oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were significantly higher during therapeutic water treadmill walking than during land treadmill walking. Furthermore, VO2, HR, and RPE measures significantly increased with each speed increase during both land and water treadmill walking. SBP significantly increased with each speed during water treadmill walking but not land treadmill walking. Thus, it is imperative to monitor HR and blood pressure for safety during this mode of activity for older adults.

Reliability of the Shuttle Walk Test in Healthy Older Adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S115
Author(s):  
S D. Lucy ◽  
Saloni Malhotra ◽  
Caitlin Wright ◽  
Tom J. Overend
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

An Incremental Shuttle Walk Test to Estimate Maximal Aerobic Functional Capacity

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Sébastien Duvergé ◽  
Mario Leone ◽  
Émilia Kalinova ◽  
Frédéric Le Cren ◽  
Jean P. Boucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Walking Test ◽  
Metabolic Cart

Background: The goal of the present study was to compare the maximum walking speed and peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) obtained during the 6-min walk test (6 MWT) and an incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT) in a trained older population. Methods: A total of 22 older adults (16 female and 6 male) with a group mean age of 70±5.8 yr (range 58 to 79) completed the 6 MWT and ISWT within a 2 wk period. Heart rate (HR) and VO2 peak were measured during each test with a portable metabolic cart (Cosmed, K4B2). The VO2 peak, the maximum walking speed and the total distance walked measured during both tests (6 MWT and ISWT) were compared. Results: A total of 110 recordings for the VO2 peak were obtained and analyzed. Strong correlations were found for the VO2 peak and the walking speed (r=0.91 and r=0.89, respectively, for 6 MWT and ISWT). VO2 peak values obtained with the ISWT were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than with the 6 MWT (21.6 ± 5.3 vs 18.9 ml/kgmin ± 4.5, respectively). There was no difference between sexes. In addition, the maximum heart rate as predicted from age during the ISWT was reached by all participants while it was not during the 6 MWT. Conclusion: Thus, the ISWT appears to a better tool to assess the maximal aerobic functional capacity in older healthy adults based on the higher VO2 peak values obtained in comparison to the 6 MWT.

Ergonomic Considerations of Fin Size for Working Divers

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. Mekjavic ◽  
P. A. Rowe ◽  
J. B. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Work Period ◽  
Ventilatory Volume

Four divers conducted two identical work protocols, consisting of swimming against a graded resistance on an underwater ergometer at a depth of ten feet. In one protocol the divers used fins each having a surface area of 540 cm2 and in the second protocol they used fins whose surface area was 940 cm2. Oxygen consumption, heart rate, ventilation, breathing frequency and kick rate were monitored throughout the twenty minute work period. The 540 cm2 fins demanded a siqnificantly higher metabolic rate than the 940 cm2 fins (50.85 ± 1.54 compared to 46.99 ± 1.52 ml.min.-1.kg-1). The smaller fins also elicited higher heart rates (171.8 ± 4.3 min.-1) than the larger fins (142.5 ± 8.7 min.-1) and induced a higher kicking frequency than was required with the larger fins (43 ± 4 min.-1 and 32 ± 1 min.-1 respectively). Ventilatory volume at the end of the final workload was 128.6 ± 7 1/min. with small fins and 111.1 ± 6.5 1/min. with large fins. These data suggest that the larger fins are more economical in terms of minute ventilation and metabolic cost and are less demanding on the cardiovascular system. Subjectively, the larger fins were perceived as less fatiguing than the smaller fins.

scholarly journals Visuo-proprioceptive control of the hand in older adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah J. Block ◽  
Brandon M. Sexton
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Minimum Variance ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Visual Component ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Young Subjects

AbstractTo control hand movement, we have both vision and proprioception, or position sense. The brain is known to integrate these to reduce variance. Here we ask whether older adults integrate vision and proprioception in a way that minimizes variance as young adults do, and whether older subjects compensate for an imposed visuo-proprioceptive mismatch as young adults do. Ten healthy older adults (mean age 69) and 10 healthy younger adults (mean age 19) participated. Subjects were asked to estimate the position of visual, proprioceptive, and combined targets, with no direct vision of either hand. After a veridical baseline block, a spatial visuo-proprioceptive misalignment was gradually imposed by shifting the visual component forward from the proprioceptive component without the subject’s awareness. Older subjects were more variable than young subjects at estimating both visual and proprioceptive target positions (F1,18 = 6.14, p = 0.023). Older subjects tended to rely more heavily on vision than proprioception compared to younger subjects. However, the weighting of vision vs. proprioception was correlated with minimum variance predictions for both older (r = 0.71, p = 0.021) and younger (r = 0.81, p = 0.0047) adults, suggesting that variance-minimizing mechanisms are present to some degree in older adults. Visual and proprioceptive realignment were similar for young and older subjects in the misalignment block, suggesting older subjects are able to realign as much as young subjects. These results suggest that intact multisensory processing in older adults should be explored as a potential means of mitigating degradation in individual sensory systems.

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