scholarly journals Reliability Assessment of Scores From Video-Recorded TGMD-3 Performances

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauli Olavi Rintala ◽  
Arja Kaarina Sääkslahti ◽  
Susanna Iivonen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Kappa Statistic ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Percent Agreement ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Ball Skills

This study examined the intrarater and interrater reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development—3rd Edition (TGMD-3). Participants were 60 Finnish children aged between 3 and 9 years, divided into three separate samples of 20. Two samples of 20 were used to examine the intrarater reliability of two different assessors, and the third sample of 20 was used to establish interrater reliability. Children’s TGMD-3 performances were video-recorded and later assessed using an intraclass correlation coefficient, a kappa statistic, and a percent agreement calculation. The intrarater reliability of the locomotor subtest, ball skills subtest, and gross motor total score ranged from 0.69 to 0.77, and percent agreement ranged from 87 to 91%. The interrater reliability of the locomotor subtest, ball skills subtest, and gross motor total score ranged from 0.56 to 0.64. Percent agreement of 83% was observed for locomotor skills, ball skills, and total skills, respectively. Hop, horizontal jump, and two-hand strike assessments showed the most difference between the assessors. These results show acceptable reliability for the TGMD-3 to analyze children’s gross motor skills.

Inter- and Intrarater Reliabilities of the Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition Among Experienced TGMD-2 Raters

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyokju Maeng ◽  
E. Kipling Webster ◽  
E. Andrew Pitchford ◽  
Dale A. Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Additional Training ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Recorded Performances

The purpose of this study was to examine the inter- and intrarater reliabilities of the Test of Gross Motor Development—third edition (TGMD-3). The TGMD-3 was administered to 10 typically developing children. Five raters with experience using the Test of Gross Motor Development—second edition (TGMD-2) scored the digitally recorded performances and then rescored the same performances after a period of 2 weeks. Intraclass correlation (ICC) was used to examine both inter- and intrarater reliabilities of scores. Interrater reliability for the total score, locomotor subscale, and ball skills subscale (ICC: 0.92–0.96) were all excellent, while individual skills (ICC: 0.51–0.93) had fair-to-excellent reliability. Intrarater reliability across all raters was also excellent (ICC: 0.77–0.98) but varied widely for individual raters (ICC: 0.28–1.00) including multiple examples of poor reliability. While raters experienced with the TGMD-2 can produce consistent scores for TGMD-3 total scale and subscales, additional training is needed to improve skill-specific reliability.

scholarly journals Intra-Rater (Live vs. Video Assessment) and Inter-Rater (Expert vs. Novice) Reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1652
Author(s):  
Aida Carballo-Fazanes ◽  
Ezequiel Rey ◽  
Nadia C. Valentini ◽  
José E. Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Cristina Varela-Casal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Video Assessment ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Ball Skills

The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) is one of the most common tools for assessing the fundamental movement skills (FMS) in children between 3 and 10 years. This study aimed to examine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the TGMD—3rd Edition (TGMD-3) between expert and novice raters using live and video assessment. Five raters [2 experts and 3 novices (one of them BSc in Physical Education and Sport Science)] assessed and scored the performance of the TGMD-3 of 25 healthy children [Female: 60%; mean (standard deviation) age 9.16 (1.31)]. Schoolchildren were attending at one public elementary school during the academic year 2019–2020 from Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Raters scored each children performance through two viewing moods (live and slow-motion). The ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) was used to determine the agreement between raters. Our results showed moderate-to-excellent intra-rater reliability for overall score and locomotor and ball skills subscales; moderate-to-good inter-rater reliability for overall and ball skills; and poor-to-good for locomotor subscale. Higher intra-rater reliability was achieved by the expert raters and novice rater with physical education background compared to novice raters. However, the inter-rater reliability was more variable in all the raters regardless of their experience or background. No significant differences in reliability were found when comparing live and video assessments. For clinical practice, it would be recommended that raters reach an agreement before the assessment to avoid subjective interpretations that might distort the results.

Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition: Establishing Content and Construct Validity for Brazilian Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia C. Valentini ◽  
Larissa W. Zanella ◽  
E. Kipling Webster
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Brazilian Children ◽  
Ball Skills

The Test of Gross Motor Development is used to identify children’s level of motor proficiency, specifically to detect motor delays. This study aimed to translate the TGMD-3 items and assess reliability and content and construct validity for the TGMD-3 in Brazil. A cross-cultural translation was used to generate a Brazilian Portuguese version of the TGMD-3. The validation process involved 33 professionals and 597 Brazilian children (ages 3–10) from the five main geographic regions of Brazil. The results confirmed language clarity and pertinence, as well as face validity of the TGMD-3. High intrarater (.60 to .90) and interrater (.85 to .99) reliability was evident, and test-retest temporal stability was confirmed (locomotor .93; ball skills .81). Adequate internal consistency was present for the skills-to-test and subtests correlations (TGMD-3-BR: α .74; locomotor skills: α .63; ball skills: α .76) and performance-criteria-to-test and -subtest correlations (TGMD-3: α .93; locomotor skills: .90; ball skills: .88). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the construct validity of a two-factor model (RMSEA = .04, 90% confidence interval: .03 to .05; CFI = .94; NFI = .91; TLI = .92; GFI = .94; AGFI = .92). The TGMD-3 is a valid and reliable instrument for Brazilian children.

Comparability of the Test of Gross Motor Development–Second Edition and the Test of Gross Motor Development–Third Edition

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Field ◽  
Christina B. Esposito Bosma ◽  
Viviene A. Temple
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Object Control ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Ball Skills

When a test is revised, it is important that test users are made aware of the comparability of scores of the new and the original test. We examined how scores on the Test of Gross Motor Development–Second Edition (TGMD-2) and Test of Gross Motor Development–Third Edition (TGMD-3) compared among children in middle childhood. Participants were 270 children recruited in grade 3 (54% female; Mage = 8 years 6 months) and followed through grade 5. Participants completed the skills of both tests. Subtest scores were converted into percent of maximum possible (POMP) scores to facilitate comparison. Although similar, uniformly the TGMD-3 POMP scores were slightly lower. Repeated measures analyses of variance revealed that locomotor subtest scores derived from both tests improved from grade 3 to grade 5, as did TGMD-3 assessed ball skills. However, there was no difference in TGMD-2 assessed object control skills over time. It appears that under-contribution by the underhand roll suppressed the trajectory of improvement of TGMD-2 assessed object control skills. This finding supports the exclusion of the roll from the TGMD-3. The consistent pattern of sex-based differences in TGMD-2 object control skill and TGMD-3 ball skills reinforces the need for male and female norm-reference data for ball skills.

Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kipling Webster ◽  
Dale A. Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Reliability Assessments ◽  
Motor Skill Competence ◽  
Ball Skills

With recent revisions, the evaluation of the reliability and validity of the Test of Gross Motor Development—3rd edition (TGMD-3) is necessary. The TGMD-3 was administered to 807 children (M age = 6.33 ± 2.09 years; 52.5% male). Reliability assessments found that correlations with age were moderate to large; ball skills had a higher correlation (r = .47) compared with locomotor skills (r = .39). Internal consistency was very high in each age group and remained excellent for all racial/ethnic groups and both sexes. Test-retest reliability had high ICC agreements for the locomotor (ICC = 0.97), ball skills (ICC = 0.95), and total TGMD-3 (ICC = 0.97). For validity measures, the TGMD-3 had above acceptable item difficulty (range = 0.43–0.91) and item discrimination values (range = 0.34–0.67). EFA supported a one-factor structure of gross motor skill competence for the TGMD-3 with 73.82% variance explained. CFA supported the one-factor model (χ2(65) = 327.61, p < .001, CFI = .95, TLI = .94, RMSEA = .10), showing acceptable construct validity for the TGMD-3. Preliminary results show the TGMD-3 exhibits high levels of validity and reliability, providing confidence for the usage and collection of new norms.

A Peek at the Developmental Validity of the Test of Gross Motor Development–3

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviene A. Temple ◽  
John T. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Individual Change ◽  
Motor Proficiency ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Ball Skills

The development of motor skill proficiency during childhood is cumulative and influenced by physical growth and maturation, genetic potential, affordances in the physical and social environment, and the interactions between these factors. Therefore, typically during childhood, the trajectory of change in motor proficiency is positive. To lend developmental validity to the revision of the Test of Gross Motor Development—3rd edition (TGMD-3), this longitudinal study examined whether the skills and subtests of the TGMD-3 changed as might be expected from grade 3 to grade 4 among 277 children. The findings of this study lend support to the developmental validity of the TGMD-3 in that (1) there was within-individual change in the expected direction for both locomotor and ball skills, (2) consistent with the majority of research, boys had significantly higher ball skills scores than girls in both grade 3 and grade 4, and (3) the mean percent of maximum possible scores were in the range of approximately 60–75, which demonstrates that the majority of 8- and 9-year-old children had not reached a ceiling on this test.

scholarly journals Content validity and reliability of test of gross motor development in Chilean children

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Cano-Cappellacci ◽  
Fernanda Aleitte Leyton ◽  
Joshua Durán Carreño
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Validity Index ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Chilean Population

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To validate a Spanish version of the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) for the Chilean population. METHODS Descriptive, transversal, non-experimental validity and reliability study. Four translators, three experts and 92 Chilean children, from five to 10 years, students from a primary school in Santiago, Chile, have participated. The Committee of Experts has carried out translation, back-translation and revision processes to determine the translinguistic equivalence and content validity of the test, using the content validity index in 2013. In addition, a pilot implementation was achieved to determine test reliability in Spanish, by using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman method. We evaluated whether the results presented significant differences by replacing the bat with a racket, using T-test. RESULTS We obtained a content validity index higher than 0.80 for language clarity and relevance of the TGMD-2 for children. There were significant differences in the object control subtest when comparing the results with bat and racket. The intraclass correlation coefficient for reliability inter-rater, intra-rater and test-retest reliability was greater than 0.80 in all cases. CONCLUSIONS The TGMD-2 has appropriate content validity to be applied in the Chilean population. The reliability of this test is within the appropriate parameters and its use could be recommended in this population after the establishment of normative data, setting a further precedent for the validation in other Latin American countries.

Interrater reliability assessment using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Barnett ◽  
Christine Minto ◽  
Natalie Lander ◽  
Louise L. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Reliability Assessment ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development

Validity and Reliability of the Spanish Version of the Test of Gross Motor Development–3

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Estevan ◽  
Javier Molina-García ◽  
Ana Queralt ◽  
Octavio Álvarez ◽  
Isabel Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Ball Skills

The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) is a process-oriented scale that provides qualitative information on children’s motor competence. The aim of the current study was to analyze the psychometric properties by examining the internal consistency and construct validity of the Spanish version of the TGMD-3. A sample of 178 typically developing children (47.5% girls) between the ages 3 and 11 years participated in this study. Reliability and the within-network psychometric properties of TGMD-3 were examined by using internal consistency and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability indexes were excellent (> 0.89). A two-factor structure model was hypothesized and an alternative unifactorial model was also tested. Adequate fit indexes in both a two-factor model [ball skills seven items and locomotor skills six items (χ2 (64) = 139.200, p < .010, RMSEA = 0.073, SRMR = 0.050, NNFI = 0.964, CFI = 0.970)] and a one-factor model [(χ2 (65) = 157.666, p < .010, RMSEA = 0.084, SRMR = 0.055, NNFI = 0.956, CFI = 0.963)] were found. The Spanish version of the TGMD-3 is thus suitable for studying children’s actual motor competence level in terms of locomotor and ball skills and also in terms of fundamental movement skills.

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