Validity and Reliability of the Spanish Version of the Test of Gross Motor Development–3

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Estevan ◽  
Javier Molina-García ◽  
Ana Queralt ◽  
Octavio Álvarez ◽  
Isabel Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Ball Skills

The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) is a process-oriented scale that provides qualitative information on children’s motor competence. The aim of the current study was to analyze the psychometric properties by examining the internal consistency and construct validity of the Spanish version of the TGMD-3. A sample of 178 typically developing children (47.5% girls) between the ages 3 and 11 years participated in this study. Reliability and the within-network psychometric properties of TGMD-3 were examined by using internal consistency and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability indexes were excellent (> 0.89). A two-factor structure model was hypothesized and an alternative unifactorial model was also tested. Adequate fit indexes in both a two-factor model [ball skills seven items and locomotor skills six items (χ2 (64) = 139.200, p < .010, RMSEA = 0.073, SRMR = 0.050, NNFI = 0.964, CFI = 0.970)] and a one-factor model [(χ2 (65) = 157.666, p < .010, RMSEA = 0.084, SRMR = 0.055, NNFI = 0.956, CFI = 0.963)] were found. The Spanish version of the TGMD-3 is thus suitable for studying children’s actual motor competence level in terms of locomotor and ball skills and also in terms of fundamental movement skills.

Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kipling Webster ◽  
Dale A. Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Reliability Assessments ◽  
Motor Skill Competence ◽  
Ball Skills

With recent revisions, the evaluation of the reliability and validity of the Test of Gross Motor Development—3rd edition (TGMD-3) is necessary. The TGMD-3 was administered to 807 children (M age = 6.33 ± 2.09 years; 52.5% male). Reliability assessments found that correlations with age were moderate to large; ball skills had a higher correlation (r = .47) compared with locomotor skills (r = .39). Internal consistency was very high in each age group and remained excellent for all racial/ethnic groups and both sexes. Test-retest reliability had high ICC agreements for the locomotor (ICC = 0.97), ball skills (ICC = 0.95), and total TGMD-3 (ICC = 0.97). For validity measures, the TGMD-3 had above acceptable item difficulty (range = 0.43–0.91) and item discrimination values (range = 0.34–0.67). EFA supported a one-factor structure of gross motor skill competence for the TGMD-3 with 73.82% variance explained. CFA supported the one-factor model (χ2(65) = 327.61, p < .001, CFI = .95, TLI = .94, RMSEA = .10), showing acceptable construct validity for the TGMD-3. Preliminary results show the TGMD-3 exhibits high levels of validity and reliability, providing confidence for the usage and collection of new norms.

Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition: Establishing Content and Construct Validity for Brazilian Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia C. Valentini ◽  
Larissa W. Zanella ◽  
E. Kipling Webster
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Brazilian Children ◽  
Ball Skills

The Test of Gross Motor Development is used to identify children’s level of motor proficiency, specifically to detect motor delays. This study aimed to translate the TGMD-3 items and assess reliability and content and construct validity for the TGMD-3 in Brazil. A cross-cultural translation was used to generate a Brazilian Portuguese version of the TGMD-3. The validation process involved 33 professionals and 597 Brazilian children (ages 3–10) from the five main geographic regions of Brazil. The results confirmed language clarity and pertinence, as well as face validity of the TGMD-3. High intrarater (.60 to .90) and interrater (.85 to .99) reliability was evident, and test-retest temporal stability was confirmed (locomotor .93; ball skills .81). Adequate internal consistency was present for the skills-to-test and subtests correlations (TGMD-3-BR: α .74; locomotor skills: α .63; ball skills: α .76) and performance-criteria-to-test and -subtest correlations (TGMD-3: α .93; locomotor skills: .90; ball skills: .88). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the construct validity of a two-factor model (RMSEA = .04, 90% confidence interval: .03 to .05; CFI = .94; NFI = .91; TLI = .92; GFI = .94; AGFI = .92). The TGMD-3 is a valid and reliable instrument for Brazilian children.

Psychometric Properties of the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 for Children With Visual Impairments

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Brian ◽  
Sally Taunton ◽  
Lauren J. Lieberman ◽  
Pamela Haibach-Beach ◽  
John Foley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Skill Performance ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
Children With Visual Impairments

Results of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) consistently show acceptable validity and reliability for children/adolescents who are sighted and those who have visual impairments. Results of the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) are often valid and reliable for children who are sighted, but its psychometric properties are unknown for children with visual impairments. Participants (N = 66;Mage = 12.93,SD = 2.40) with visual impairments completed the TGMD-2 and TGMD-3. The TGMD-3 results from this sample revealed high internal consistency (ω = .89–.95), strong interrater reliability (ICC = .91–.92), convergence with the TGMD-2 (r = .96), and good model fit, χ2(63) = 80.10,p = .072, χ2/dfratio = 1.27, RMSEA = .06, CFI = .97. Researchers and practitioners can use the TGMD-3 to assess the motor skill performance for children/adolescents with visual impairments and most likely produce results that are valid and reliable.

scholarly journals Intra-Rater (Live vs. Video Assessment) and Inter-Rater (Expert vs. Novice) Reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1652
Author(s):  
Aida Carballo-Fazanes ◽  
Ezequiel Rey ◽  
Nadia C. Valentini ◽  
José E. Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Cristina Varela-Casal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Video Assessment ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Ball Skills

The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) is one of the most common tools for assessing the fundamental movement skills (FMS) in children between 3 and 10 years. This study aimed to examine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the TGMD—3rd Edition (TGMD-3) between expert and novice raters using live and video assessment. Five raters [2 experts and 3 novices (one of them BSc in Physical Education and Sport Science)] assessed and scored the performance of the TGMD-3 of 25 healthy children [Female: 60%; mean (standard deviation) age 9.16 (1.31)]. Schoolchildren were attending at one public elementary school during the academic year 2019–2020 from Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Raters scored each children performance through two viewing moods (live and slow-motion). The ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) was used to determine the agreement between raters. Our results showed moderate-to-excellent intra-rater reliability for overall score and locomotor and ball skills subscales; moderate-to-good inter-rater reliability for overall and ball skills; and poor-to-good for locomotor subscale. Higher intra-rater reliability was achieved by the expert raters and novice rater with physical education background compared to novice raters. However, the inter-rater reliability was more variable in all the raters regardless of their experience or background. No significant differences in reliability were found when comparing live and video assessments. For clinical practice, it would be recommended that raters reach an agreement before the assessment to avoid subjective interpretations that might distort the results.

scholarly journals Reliability Assessment of Scores From Video-Recorded TGMD-3 Performances

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauli Olavi Rintala ◽  
Arja Kaarina Sääkslahti ◽  
Susanna Iivonen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Kappa Statistic ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Percent Agreement ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Ball Skills

This study examined the intrarater and interrater reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development—3rd Edition (TGMD-3). Participants were 60 Finnish children aged between 3 and 9 years, divided into three separate samples of 20. Two samples of 20 were used to examine the intrarater reliability of two different assessors, and the third sample of 20 was used to establish interrater reliability. Children’s TGMD-3 performances were video-recorded and later assessed using an intraclass correlation coefficient, a kappa statistic, and a percent agreement calculation. The intrarater reliability of the locomotor subtest, ball skills subtest, and gross motor total score ranged from 0.69 to 0.77, and percent agreement ranged from 87 to 91%. The interrater reliability of the locomotor subtest, ball skills subtest, and gross motor total score ranged from 0.56 to 0.64. Percent agreement of 83% was observed for locomotor skills, ball skills, and total skills, respectively. Hop, horizontal jump, and two-hand strike assessments showed the most difference between the assessors. These results show acceptable reliability for the TGMD-3 to analyze children’s gross motor skills.

The Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition: A Bifactor Model, Dimensionality, and Measurement Invariance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Salami ◽  
Paulo Felipe Ribeiro Bandeira ◽  
Cristiano Mauro Assis Gomes ◽  
Parvaneh Shamsipour Dehkordi
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Gross Motor Development

Aim: To examine the latent structure of the Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition (TGMD-3) with a bifactor modeling approach. In addition, the study examines the dimensionality and model-based reliability of general and specific contributions of the test’s subscales and measurement invariance of the TGMD-3. Methods: A convenience sample of (N = 496; Mage = 7.23 ± 2.03 years; 53.8% female) typically developed children participated in this study. Three alternative measurement models were tested: (a) a unidimensional model, (b) a correlated two-factor model, and (c) a bifactor model. Results: The totality of results, including item loadings, goodness-of-fit indexes, and reliability estimates, all supported the bifactor model and strong evidence of a general factor, namely gross motor competence. Additionally, the reliability of subscale scores was poor, and it is thus contended that scoring, reporting, and interpreting of the subscales scores are probably not justifiable. Conclusions: This study shows the advantages of using bifactor approach to examine the TGMD-3 factor structure and suggests that the two traditionally hypothesized factors are better understood as “grouping” factors rather than as representative of latent constructs. In addition, our findings demonstrate that the bifactor model appears invariant for sex.

Construct validity and reliability of the Test of Perceived Motor Competence for children with visual impairments

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Brian ◽  
Laura Bostick ◽  
Sally Taunton ◽  
Adam Pennell
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Children With Visual Impairments

The Test of Perceived Motor Competence for children with visual impairments (TPMC-VI) is currently content validated. Further validation and reliability were needed to report the psychometric properties of the TPMC-VI; therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity and the internal consistency for the TPMC-VI. Children aged 3–8 years with visual impairments completed the TPMC-VI with assistance from their parents or members of the research team. Results indicated that the TPMC-VI is a valid and reliable (α = .68) assessment. Researchers and practitioners can confidently use the TPMC-VI to evaluate children’s perceived motor competence.

scholarly journals Asociación de la competencia en las habilidades motrices básicas con las actividades físico-deportivas extracurriculares y el índice de masa corporal en preescolares (Association of the fundamental movement skills competence with the extracurricular sport

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Pablo Garcia-Marin ◽  
Natalia Fernández-López
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Movement Skills ◽  
Fundamental Movement Skills ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Group A

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la competencia en las habilidades motrices básicas de preescolares gallegos y su grado de asociación con las actividades físico-deportivas extracurriculares y el IMC. Se utilizó un diseño ex post-facto descriptivo correlacional. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 92 niños (5.7±.4 años) y 68 niñas (5.8±.4 años). Los participantes fueron asignados al grupo (A) (n = 92) cuando realizaron un mínimo de dos horas a la semana de actividades físico-deportivas extracurriculares durante los últimos seis meses, o al grupo (B) (n = 68), si no cumplían con el requisito anterior. Las habilidades motrices fueron evaluadas con el Test of Gross Motor Development-2ª edition. El grupo (A) alcanzó mayor puntuación en el coeficiente motor grueso (p < .001), en la escala de habilidades locomotrices (p < .001), en la de control de objetos (p < .001) y en todas las habilidades, excluyendo la de galopar (p = .294). El IMC se asoció con la competencia motriz (p < .001) y con la participación en actividades físico-deportivas extracurriculares (p = .001). Además, correlacionó con el coeficiente motor grueso (p = .009), la escala de habilidades locomotrices (p = .017) y la de control de objetos (p = .018), así como con galopar (p < .001), saltar un obstáculo (p = .001) y chutar (p =.045). La práctica de actividades físico-deportivas extracurriculares se asoció con mejores niveles de competencia motriz y menores índices de sobrepeso y obesidad en los preescolares.Abstract: The aim of the study was to analyze the fundamental movement skills competence of the Galician preschoolers and its association with the extracurricular sports and the BMI. A correlational descriptive ex post facto design was used. The sample was composed by 92 boys (5.7±.4 years) and 68 girls (5.8±.4). Participants were included in group (A) (n = 92) when they were engaged in extracurricular sports a minimum of two hours/week over the past six months, or in group (B) (n =68), if they did not meet the previous condition. The fundamental movement skills were assessed with the Test of Gross Motor Development-2ª edition. Group (A) reached significatively more score in the gross motor quotient (p < .001), the locomotor scale (p < .001), the object control scale (p < .001) and in all the fundamental movement skills, excluding gallop (p = .294). BMI was associated with motor competence (p < .001) and extracurricular sports (p = .001). In addition, it was correlated with the gross motor quotient (p = .009), the locomotor scale (p = .017), the object control scale (p = .018), as well as with gallop (p < .001), leap (p =.001) and kick (p =.045). The practice of extracurricular sports was associated with better levels of motor competence and lower rates of overweight and obesity in the preschoolers.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the Valuing Questionnaire in a Spaniard sample and factorial equivalence with a Colombian sample

PeerJ ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. e12670
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Ruiz ◽  
Paula Odriozola-González ◽  
Juan C. Suárez-Falcón ◽  
Miguel A. Segura-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Fusion ◽  
And Gender

Background The Valuing Questionnaire (VQ) is considered as one of the most psychometrically robust instruments to measure valued living according to the acceptance and commitment therapy model. It consists of 10 items that are responded to on a 7-point Likert-type scale and has two factors: Progression and Obstruction. The Spanish version of the VQ showed good psychometric properties in Colombian samples. However, there is no evidence of the psychometric properties of the VQ in Spaniard samples. This study aims to analyze the validity of the VQ in a large Spaniard sample and analyze the measurement invariance with a similar Colombian sample. Method The VQ was administered to a Spaniard sample of 846 adult participants from general online population. Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega were computed to analyze the internal consistency of the VQ. The fit of the VQ’s two-factor model was tested through a confirmatory factor analysis with a robust maximum likelihood (MLR) estimation method. Afterward, we analyzed the measurement invariance across countries and gender. Convergent construct validity was analyzed with a package of questionnaires that evaluated experiential avoidance (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, AAQ-II), emotional symptoms (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, DASS-21), life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale, SWLS), and cognitive fusion (Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, CFQ). Results The internal consistency across samples was adequate (alphas and omegas were .85 for VQ-Progress and .84 for VQ-Obstruction). The two-factor model obtained a good fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.073, 90% CI [0.063, 0.083], CFI = 0.98, NNFI = 0.97, and SRMR = 0.053). The VQ showed strict invariance across countries and gender and showed theoretically coherent correlations with emotional symptoms, life satisfaction, experiential avoidance, and cognitive fusion. In conclusion, the Spanish version of the VQ demonstrated good psychometric properties in a large Spaniard sample.

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