Child Avoidance of Anxiety-Provoking Situations in the Classroom and Teacher Accommodation

This study examined: (1) school-based avoidance among students with problematic anxiety, (2) teachers’ levels of accommodation of avoidant behaviour, and (3) the relation between teacher accommodation and student avoidance and anxiety. Participants included 31 elementary school students with problematic anxiety (mean age = 7.7 years; range 5–11; 58% female; 71% White) and their teachers (mean age = 41.1 years; 100% female; 100% White). Children completed interviews about their anxiety, and teachers reported on students’ avoided situations and completed a questionnaire about their own use of accommodation. Results indicated that the most commonly avoided situations involved individual and group academic performance (e.g., reading aloud in front of class). All teachers engaged in some form of accommodating behaviour more than one day a week (e.g., assisted a student in avoiding things that might make him/her more anxious), and teachers who reported engaging in more accommodating behaviours had students with higher avoidance and anxiety. Findings suggest that additional training and research on teachers’ behaviours that maintain and/or reduce anxiety via reducing accommodating behaviours appears warranted.

Evaluation of Keypoint Descriptors for Flight Simulator Cockpit Elements: WrightBroS Database

The goal of the WrightBroS project is to design a system supporting the training of pilots in a flight simulator. The desired software should work on smart glasses supplementing the visual information with augmented reality data, displaying, for instance, additional training information or descriptions of visible devices in real time. Therefore, the rapid recognition of observed objects and their exact positioning is crucial for successful deployment. The keypoint descriptor approach is a natural framework that is used for this purpose. For this to be applied, the thorough examination of specific keypoint location methods and types of keypoint descriptors is required first, as these are essential factors that affect the overall accuracy of the approach. In the presented research, we prepared a dedicated database presenting 27 various devices of flight simulator. Then, we used it to compare existing state-of-the-art techniques and verify their applicability. We investigated the time necessary for the computation of a keypoint position, the time needed for the preparation of a descriptor, and the classification accuracy of the considered approaches. In total, we compared the outcomes of 12 keypoint location methods and 10 keypoint descriptors. The best scores recorded for our database were almost 96% for a combination of the ORB method for keypoint localization followed by the BRISK approach as a descriptor.

Recursive Processing of Nested Structures in Monkeys? Two alternative accounts

Ferrigno et al. [2020] introduced an ingenious task to investigate recursion in human and non-human primates. American adults, Tsimane adults, and 3-5 year-old children successfully performed the task. Macaque monkeys required additional training, but two out of three eventually showed good generalization and scored above many Tsimane and child participants. Moreover, when tested on sequences composed of new bracket signs, the monkeys still showed good performance. The authors thus concluded that recursive nesting is not unique to humans. Here, we dispute the claim by showing that at least two alternative interpretations remain tenable. We first examine this conclusion in light of recent findings from modern artificial recurrent neural networks (RNNs), regarding how these networks encode sequences. We show that although RNNs, like monkeys, succeed on demanding generalization tasks as in Ferrigno et al., the underlying neural mechanisms are not recursive. Moreover, we show that when the networks are tested on sequences with deeper center-embedded structures compared to training, the networks fail to generalize. We then discuss an additional interpretation of the results in light of a simple model of sequence memory.

ON THE QUESTION OF THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF FUTURE CORRECTIONAL TEACHERS IN THE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION PRACTICE

Введение новых федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов среднего профессионального образования требует определенных изменений в организации образовательного процесса, в частности его большей практикоориентированности. Современная педагогическая практика остается фактически единственно доступным вариантом получения первичного опыта будущих педагогов. Между тем, несмотря на всю их значимость, многие исследователи отмечают пробелы в ее организации, что сказывается и на уровне развития профессиональных компетенций выпускников. Целью представленного исследования является изучение особенностей развития профессиональных компетенций будущих учителей начальных классов и начальных классов КРО в процессе прохождения производственной педагогической практики. В качестве материалов изучения были использованы работы, посвященные рассмотрению вопросов производственной педагогической практики в различных образовательных учреждениях, а также результаты экспериментального исследования на основе модульных технологий. Представлены данные психолого-педагогического исследования по развитию профессиональных компетенций студентов-педагогов, в основу которого положена разработка дополнительных учебных модулей, ориентированных на самостоятельную практическую работу студентов, в частности в рамках практической подготовки. Методами исследования, помимо теоретического анализа, выступили психолого-педагогический эксперимент, анкетирование, методы статистической (количественной) и качественной обработки данных. Описаны результаты диагностики ожидаемого и субъективного роста уровня развития профессиональных компетенций по результатам прохождения производственной практики. The problem of improving the quality of training of future teachers remains relevant, despite numerous reforms in the field of vocational education. Employers, when assessing the competencies of graduates of pedagogical colleges and universities, note the lack of practical training. The graduates themselves note the difficulties in solving many practical issues that arise in the first days of their professional activity. The introduction of new federal state educational standards for secondary vocational education requires changes in the practiceoriented educational process. Modern pedagogical practice remains in fact the only available option for obtaining the primary experience of future teachers. However, many researchers note gaps in the organization of practical training of students. This affects the level of development of professional competencies of graduates. The data of the psychological and pedagogical research on the development of professional competencies of students-teachers are presented in the article. Our research is based on the idea of developing additional training modules aimed at independent practical work of students. Additional training modules offered to students included theoretical information, independent work aimed at creating a methodological development and its practical implementation. During the implementation of the experimental study, the authors diagnosed the expected and subjective increase in the level of development of professional competencies (based on the results of practical training). The results showed that the students who entered the experimental group and performed additional tasks in the course of practice in the studied modules had a slightly higher subjective assessment of the increase in the level of development of professional competencies after the internship than the students of the control group. Further research on these issues will provide more accurate data.

Training of Mid-Level Medical Specialists in the Peculiarities of Caring for Patients With COVID-19 in a Hospital Setting

The article presents the results achieved in the process of training mid-level medical specialists of medical organizations of the state healthcare system of the city of Moscow under the additional training program "Organization of care for patients with COVID-19 in a hospital."

Adaptive Preparation of Residency Graduates for Primary Specialized Accreditation

The assessment of the level of stress associated with the passage of the second stage of primary specialized accreditation for 50 residents. The role in its reduction of the adaptive additional training program with the implementation of the process factory and the use of lean manufacturing tools, which allows to minimize losses and ensure quality, is shown.

The general practitioners perspective regarding registration of persistent somatic symptoms in primary care: a survey

Background Persistent somatic symptoms (PSS) are common in primary care and often accompanied by an increasing disease burden for both the patient and healthcare. In medical practice, PSS is historically considered a diagnosis by exclusion or primarily seen as psychological. Besides, registration of PSS in electronic health records (EHR) is unambiguous and possibly does not reflect classification adequately. The present study explores how general practitioners (GPs) currently register PSS, and their view regarding the need for improvements in classification, registration, and consultations. Method Dutch GPs were invited by email to participate in a national cross-sectional online survey. The survey addressed ICPC-codes used by GPs to register PSS, PSS-related terminology added to free text areas, usage of PSS-related syndrome codes, and GPs’ need for improvement of PSS classification, registration and care. Results GPs (n = 259) were most likely to use codes specific to the symptom presented (89.3%). PSS-related terminology in free-text areas was used sparsely. PSS-related syndrome codes were reportedly used by 91.5% of GPs, but this was primarily the case for the code for irritable bowel syndrome. The ambiguous registration of PSS is reported as problematic by 47.9% of GPs. Over 56.7% of GPs reported needing additional training, tools or other support for PSS classification and consultation. GPs also reported needing other referral options and better guidelines. Conclusions Registration of PSS in primary care is currently ambiguous. Approximately half of GPs felt a need for more options for registration of PSS and reported a need for further support. In order to improve classification, registration and care for patients with PSS, there is a need for a more appropriate coding scheme and additional training.

Vaccination against COVID-19 in Poland

Introduction. Due to the still difficult and worsening epidemic situation in Poland, related to the second wave of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), it turned out to be necessary to develop, prepare and conduct additional training on the work of medical personnel during the pandemic. Preventive vaccinations and their skilful implementation play a very important role.Aim. The aim of the systematic review is to present the general principles, procedures and competences of nurses in the pandemic era, this work can be used to conduct a comparative meta-analysis.Disscusion. The vaccine protects against the symptoms of COVID-19, which has been proven in clinical trials. For both the Comirnaty vaccine and the Moderna vaccine, the European Medicines Agency website states that the effect of vaccination on the transmission of the virus is unknown and whether vaccinated people can transmit SARS-CoV-2. Clinical trials are scheduled for 2 years and, as part of conditional approval, companies will complete the data after subsequent periodic evaluations.Conclusion. Over 1.5 million people worldwide have died since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic. Each vaccinated person is potentially from a few to a dozen or so people protected against infection. Already 50% of the vaccinated population will significantly reduce the risk of spreading the coronavirus in it. Vaccines are the most effective method of protection against infection with various diseases. Humanity has been successfully using this achievement of civilization for several hundred years.

Applying change management to general aviation: Pilot self-briefings for weather

General aviation (GA) pilots are increasingly relying on available weather technology to conduct preflight weather self-briefings, rather than call-in briefings to Flight Services. However, research has shown that GA pilots’ have difficulty in interpreting weather products, such as radar, and that this problem persists even after additional training. The domain of change management examines how to properly plan and implement transitions in technology. The current paper examines this transition from call-in to self-briefing using principles of change management, specifically from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology.