Implementation Intentions for Exercise and Physical Activity: Who Do They Work For? A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-359
Author(s):  
Justin Kompf
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Implementation Intentions ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Change Technique ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise ◽  
Behavior Change Technique

Background: As a behavior change technique, implementation intentions are a cost-effective strategy to promote physical activity and exercise. This technique helps individuals plan when and where they will do a behavior. However, previous research on implementation intentions and physical activity has shown heterogeneous outcomes. Methods: The primary aim of this review was to systematically review the literature on the social cognitive variables that moderate the mediating effects of implementation intentions on physical activity and exercise. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, 22 papers yielded 24 studies. Of the 24 reviewed studies, 1 was cross-sectional, 12 were randomized control trials, 10 were longitudinal, and 1 was secondary data from a randomized control trial. Results: Habit strength, self-concordance, self-efficacy, perceived behavioral control, and intention were identified as moderating variables. Conditions for effectiveness for implementation intentions were observed. Implementation intentions are an effective behavior change technique for individuals who have preexisting intentions and strong self-efficacy. Conclusions: Implementation intentions may be a valuable behavior change technique for certain individuals. For self-efficacious individuals who desire to be physically active, implementation intentions can help translate intentions into behavior.

scholarly journals Habit Strength Moderates the Effects of Daily Action Planning Prompts on Physical Activity but Not Sedentary Behavior

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn P. Maher ◽  
David E. Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Habit Strength ◽  
Change Technique ◽  
Behavior Change Technique ◽  
Planning Intervention

This study was designed to examine the moderating influence of habit strength on daily action planning effects on physical activity and sedentary behavior. A 2 by 2 design was used with experimental factors corresponding to action planning interventions for (a) engaging in physical activity and (b) limiting or interrupting sedentary behavior. At the end of each day for 1 week, university students (n = 195) completed (a) a questionnaire about their behavior during the day and behavioral intentions for the following day and (b) a planning intervention(s) corresponding to their randomly assigned experimental condition. Action planning increased physical activity in those with weak habits but decreased physical activity in those with strong habits compared with those who did not create action plans. Action planning did not impact sedentary behavior. Action planning was a useful behavior change technique for increasing physical activity in people with weak habits, but may be iatrogenic for those with strong habits.

scholarly journals Applying the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy to Four Multicomponent Childhood Obesity Interventions

2020 ◽  
pp. 019394592095478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan M. JaKa ◽  
Caroline Wood ◽  
Sara Veblen-Mortenson ◽  
Shirley M. Moore ◽  
Donna Matheson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Substantial Agreement ◽  
Target Behaviors ◽  
Change Technique ◽  
Obesity Intervention ◽  
Obesity Interventions ◽  
Multiple Behaviors ◽  
Behavior Change Technique

Applying the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy has the potential to facilitate identification of effective childhood obesity intervention components. This article evaluates the feasibility of coding Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Consortium interventions and compares reliability between external taxonomy-familiar coders and internal intervention-familiar coders. After training, coder pairs independently coded prespecified portions of intervention materials. An adjudication process was used to explore coding discrepancies. Reliability between internal and external coders was moderate (prevalence and bias-adjusted kappa .38 to .55). Reliability for specific target behaviors varied with substantial agreement for physical activity (.63 to .76) and moderate for dietary intake (.44 to .63). Applying the taxonomy to these interventions was feasible, but agreement was modest. Coding discrepancies highlight the importance of refining coding to capture the complexities of childhood obesity interventions, which often engage multiple recipients (e.g., parents and/or children) and address multiple behaviors (e.g., diet, physical activity, screen time).

scholarly journals Psychosocial factors and physical activity as predictors of fruit and vegetable intake in college students

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Miranda TASSITANO ◽  
Clarice Maria de Lucena MARTINS ◽  
Poliana Coelho CABRAL ◽  
Jorge MOTA ◽  
Maria Cecíla Marinho TENÓRIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Change Strategy

Objective: To analyze whether psychosocial factors and physical activity are predictors of fruit and vegetable intake in young adults attending college. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a representative sample of students from a public university in the Brazilian Northeast (n=717). Fruit and vegetable intake was measured by a Food Frequency Questionnaire containing 21 items. The psychosocial factors for behavior change, measured by a questionnaire, were: behavior change strategy, self-efficacy, perceived barriers and facilitators in decision making, and social support. The level of physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was the intake prediction model using a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: The median fruit and vegetable intake was 2.0 servings/day. In adjusted analysis, behavior change strategy (R²=0.31), self-efficacy (R²=0.03), friends' support (R²=0.02), and physical activity (R²=0.03) explained 39% of the fruit and vegetable intake variance in men. Behavior change strategy (R²=0.03), self-efficacy (R²=0.13), perceived barriers (R²=0.08), and physical activity (R²=0.02) explained 26% of the fruit and vegetable intake variance in women. Fruit and vegetable intake would increase by one serving for every extra 35 and 47 minutes of physical activity men and women, respectively, practice a day. Conclusion: The main predictors of fruit and vegetable intake are behavior change strategies, self-efficacy, and physical activity.

scholarly journals A quasi-experimental investigation of college students’ ratings of two physical activity mobile apps with varied behavior change technique quantity

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 205520761989134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlee Davis ◽  
Rebecca Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Subjective Quality ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Change Technique ◽  
Perceived Impact ◽  
Behavior Change Technique

Background An assessment of how users rate physical activity apps of varying behavior change technique content is necessary to understand if users recognize differences in an app’s ability to promote physical activity. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare user ratings of an app with a lower behavior change technique count to an app with a higher behavior change technique count. Method Participants were randomly assigned to interact with either the high behavior change technique app or the low behavior change technique app using an iPad. Participants then completed a Mobile App Rating questionnaire. Results The final sample included 83 participants with an average age of 22.66 years (SD = 2.13; range = 20–29). Independent t-tests revealed significant group differences for perceived impact, t(81) = 5.27, p < .001, g = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (0.69, 1.62); engagement, t(81) = 6.71, p < .001, g = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (1.02, 1.87); aesthetics, t(81) = 4.29, p < .001, g = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (0.50, 1.38); and subjective quality, t(81) = 6.46, p < .001, g = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (0.75, 1.42), with participants from the high behavior change technique group scoring these qualities more positively than participants from the low behavior change technique group. Conclusion App users rated a physical activity app with higher behavior change technique content more favorably on aesthetics, engagement, subjective quality, and perceived impact than those with reduced behavior change technique content. Additional research is needed to understand how these perceptions influence users during the app selection process, as well as the efficacy of apps for promoting physical activity behavior change.

scholarly journals The Determination of Predictive Construct of Physical Behavior Change on Osteoporosis Prevention Women Aged 30-50: A Trans-Theoretical Method Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Malekshahi ◽  
Alirezad Hidarnia ◽  
Shamseddin Niknami ◽  
Frakhondeh Aminshokravi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Decisional Balance ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Preventive Behavior ◽  
Osteoporosis Prevention ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
The Mean

<p>Osteoporosis is a major public health priority in Iran and throughout the world. The prevention of osteoporosis has recently become the ultimate goal of many health professionals. Behavior change is one of the most powerful strategies to prevent osteoporosis. This study aimed to determine the predictive construct of physical preventive behavior of osteoporosis in women aged 30-50 in Khorramabad, west of Iran. This study included 269 women selected from all the health centers of Khorramabad city according to the inclusion criteria of the study and through random cluster and systematic sampling. The data gathering tools were valid and reliable questionnaires of demographic information, stages of change, decisional balance, self-efficacy, and physical activity. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean of the subjects’ age was 38.72±7.003, and the mean of light weekly physical activity was 38.83±56.400. The results showed that the construct of self-efficacy had the highest predictive power of the preventive behavior. The results also showed that self-efficacy among the constructs of the Trans-theoretical Model was the only predictive construct for osteoporosis prevention behavior. Therefore, the findings of this study can serve as a base for educational interventions in behavioral changes to prevent of osteoporosis by health authorities.</p>

scholarly journals The association between psychological characteristics and physical activity levels in people with knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Uritani ◽  
Jessica Kasza ◽  
Penny K. Campbell ◽  
Ben Metcalf ◽  
Thorlene Egerton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fear Of Movement ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background:The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between psychological characteristics and physical activity levels, measured as the average number of steps per day, in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods: This study analysed baseline data from a randomized controlled trial (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry reference: ACTRN12612000308897). A total of 167 adults aged over 50 years, with knee pain rated as four or more on an 11-point numeric rating scale, and knee OA diagnosed using American College of Rheumatology clinical criteria, were recruited from the community (62 men and 105 women; mean age, 62.2 ± 7.5 years). The average number of steps per day over seven consecutive days was measured using an accelerometer-based device. Psychological characteristics evaluated were: depressive symptoms (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale), self-efficacy (Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale for pain and other symptoms), fear of movement (Brief Fear of Movement Scale for Osteoarthritis), and pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale). The association between the average number of steps per day and psychological characteristics was analyzed using a multiple linear regression analysis, with the average number of steps per day as the dependent variable, adjusting for each psychological characteristic separately, and age, sex, body mass index, and pain entered as covariates.Results: There was evidence that the amount of physical activity was associated with fear of movement (coefficient [B]: -117, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: -227 to -8) and with pain catastrophizing (B: -44, 95%CI: -86 to -1). The association with self-efficacy was similar (B:117, 95%CI: -12 to 246). However, the direction of the association with depressive symptoms was less clear (B: -59, 95%CI: -138 to 19).Conclusions: The results of this study revealed that the relationship was such that lower fear of movement and lower pain catastrophizing may be associated with more steps per day. It may be hypothesized that fear of moving and pain catastrophizing lead to activity avoidance and that strategies to improve these disease-related psychological aspects may be useful in enhancing physical activity participation, although this hypothesis is highly speculative and needs further testing given the cross-sectional design of this study.

Cross-sectional associations between maternal self-efficacy and dietary intake and physical activity in four-year-old children of first-time Swedish mothers

Appetite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanett Friis Rohde ◽  
Benjamin Bohman ◽  
Daniel Berglind ◽  
Lena M. Hansson ◽  
Peder Frederiksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Time

Predicting Physical Activity Intention and Behavior in School-Age Children

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Foley ◽  
Harry Prapavessis ◽  
Ralph Maddison ◽  
Shauna Burke ◽  
Erin McGowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Efficacy Measures ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
And Behavior

Two studies were conducted to predict physical activity in school-aged children. Study 1 tested the utility of an integrated model in predicting physical activity (PA) intention and behavior—the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and self-efficacy theory. Six hundred and forty-five New Zealand children (aged 11–13 years) completed measures corresponding to the integrated model and a self-reported measure of PA one week later. Perceived behavioral control (PBC) and subjective norm were the two strongest predictors of intentions. Task efficacy and barrier efficacy were the two strongest predictors of PA. A second study (Study 2) was conducted to determine whether the self-efficacy measures could discriminate objectively measured PA levels. Sixty-seven Canadian children (aged 11–13 years) completed task and barrier self-efficacy measures. The following week, children classified as ‘high’ (n = 11) and ‘lower’ (n = 7) for both task and barrier efficacy wore an Actical® monitor for seven consecutive days to provide activity-related energy expenditure (AEE) data. Results showed that children with high efficacy expended significantly greater AEE than their lower efficacious counterparts. Findings from these two studies provide support for the use of self-efficacy interventions as a potentially useful means of increasing PA levels among school-aged children.

scholarly journals The effects on self-efficacy, motivation and perceived barriers of an intervention targeting physical activity and sedentary behaviours in office workers: a cluster randomized control trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Blom ◽  
Emma Drake ◽  
Lena V. Kallings ◽  
Maria M. Ekblom ◽  
Carla F. J. Nooijen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cluster Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Motivational Counselling

Abstract Background The importance of physical activity on health is clear, but changing behaviour is difficult. Successful interventions aiming to improve physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour is therefore of importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects on motivation, self-efficacy and barriers to change behaviour from two different behavioural intervention focusing either on reducing sedentary behaviour or on increasing physical activity as compared to a waiting list control group. Methods The study was designed as a cluster randomized control trial (RCT) within two private companies. Self-efficacy, motivation and perceived barriers were together with demographic variables assessed before and after a 6-month intervention. Participant cluster teams were randomly allocated to either the physical activity intervention (iPA), the sedentary behaviour intervention (iSED), or control group. The intervention was multi componential and included motivational counselling based on Cognitive behaviour therapy and Motivational interviewing, group activities and management involvement. Group differences were determined using Bayesian multilevel modelling (parameter estimate; credible interval (CI)), analysing complete cases and those who adhered to the protocol by adhering to at least 3 out of 5 intervention sessions. Results After the intervention, the complete cases analysis showed that the iPA group had significantly higher autonomous motivation (0.33, CI: 0.05–0.61) and controlled motivation (0.27, CI: 0.04–0.51) for physical activity compared with the control group. The iSED group scored less autonomous and controlled motivation compared to the iPA group (0.38, CI: − 0.69- -0.087 respectively − 0.32, CI: − 0.57-0.07) but no significant differences compared with the control group. Among individuals that adhered to the protocol, the results showed higher scores on Exercise (3.03, CI: 0.28–6.02) and Sedentary self-efficacy (3.59, CI: 0.35–7.15) for individuals in the iPA group and on Sedentary self-efficacy (4.77, CI: 0.59–9.44) for the iSED group compared to the control group. Conclusion These findings indicate that the interventions were successful in increasing self-efficacy in each intervention group and autonomous motivation for exercise in the iPA group, in particular when actively participating in the motivational counselling sessions.

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