Cross-sectional associations between maternal self-efficacy and dietary intake and physical activity in four-year-old children of first-time Swedish mothers

Measures of body fat and lean mass may better predict important clinical outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) than body mass index (BMI). Little is known about how diet quality and exercise may impact body composition in these patients. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition, 24-h dietary recall, and physical activity were assessed in a cross-sectional analysis of 38 adolescents and adults with CF and 19 age-, race-, and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Compared with the healthy volunteers, participants with CF had a lower appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), despite no observed difference in BMI, and their diets consisted of higher glycemic index foods with a greater proportion of calories from fat and a lower proportion of calories from protein. In participants with CF, pulmonary function positively correlated with measures of lean mass, particularly ALMI, and negatively correlated with multiple measures of body fat after controlling for age, gender, and BMI. Higher physical activity levels were associated with greater ALMI and lower body fat. In conclusion, body composition measures, particularly ALMI, may better predict key clinical outcomes in individuals with CF than BMI. Future longitudinal studies analyzing the effect of dietary intake and exercise on body composition and CF-specific clinical outcomes are needed.

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The association between psychological characteristics and physical activity levels in people with knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional analysis

10.21203/rs.2.20051/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Daisuke Uritani ◽

Jessica Kasza ◽

Penny K. Campbell ◽

Ben Metcalf ◽

Thorlene Egerton

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Pain Catastrophizing ◽

Psychological Characteristics ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fear Of Movement ◽

Physical Activity Levels ◽

Steps Per Day ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background:The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between psychological characteristics and physical activity levels, measured as the average number of steps per day, in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods: This study analysed baseline data from a randomized controlled trial (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry reference: ACTRN12612000308897). A total of 167 adults aged over 50 years, with knee pain rated as four or more on an 11-point numeric rating scale, and knee OA diagnosed using American College of Rheumatology clinical criteria, were recruited from the community (62 men and 105 women; mean age, 62.2 ± 7.5 years). The average number of steps per day over seven consecutive days was measured using an accelerometer-based device. Psychological characteristics evaluated were: depressive symptoms (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale), self-efficacy (Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale for pain and other symptoms), fear of movement (Brief Fear of Movement Scale for Osteoarthritis), and pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale). The association between the average number of steps per day and psychological characteristics was analyzed using a multiple linear regression analysis, with the average number of steps per day as the dependent variable, adjusting for each psychological characteristic separately, and age, sex, body mass index, and pain entered as covariates.Results: There was evidence that the amount of physical activity was associated with fear of movement (coefficient [B]: -117, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: -227 to -8) and with pain catastrophizing (B: -44, 95%CI: -86 to -1). The association with self-efficacy was similar (B:117, 95%CI: -12 to 246). However, the direction of the association with depressive symptoms was less clear (B: -59, 95%CI: -138 to 19).Conclusions: The results of this study revealed that the relationship was such that lower fear of movement and lower pain catastrophizing may be associated with more steps per day. It may be hypothesized that fear of moving and pain catastrophizing lead to activity avoidance and that strategies to improve these disease-related psychological aspects may be useful in enhancing physical activity participation, although this hypothesis is highly speculative and needs further testing given the cross-sectional design of this study.

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Implementation Intentions for Exercise and Physical Activity: Who Do They Work For? A Systematic Review

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2018-0720 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 349-359

Author(s):

Justin Kompf

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Behavior Change ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Implementation Intentions ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Change Technique ◽

Randomized Control ◽

Physical Activity And Exercise ◽

Behavior Change Technique

Background: As a behavior change technique, implementation intentions are a cost-effective strategy to promote physical activity and exercise. This technique helps individuals plan when and where they will do a behavior. However, previous research on implementation intentions and physical activity has shown heterogeneous outcomes. Methods: The primary aim of this review was to systematically review the literature on the social cognitive variables that moderate the mediating effects of implementation intentions on physical activity and exercise. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, 22 papers yielded 24 studies. Of the 24 reviewed studies, 1 was cross-sectional, 12 were randomized control trials, 10 were longitudinal, and 1 was secondary data from a randomized control trial. Results: Habit strength, self-concordance, self-efficacy, perceived behavioral control, and intention were identified as moderating variables. Conditions for effectiveness for implementation intentions were observed. Implementation intentions are an effective behavior change technique for individuals who have preexisting intentions and strong self-efficacy. Conclusions: Implementation intentions may be a valuable behavior change technique for certain individuals. For self-efficacious individuals who desire to be physically active, implementation intentions can help translate intentions into behavior.

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A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing Dietary Intake and Physical Activity in Canadian Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease vs Healthy Controls

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics ◽

10.1016/j.jand.2014.01.009 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 114 (8) ◽

pp. 1181-1194 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Hannah E. Da Silva ◽

Bianca M. Arendt ◽

Seham A. Noureldin ◽

George Therapondos ◽

Maha Guindi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

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Effects of peer influence on dietary intake and physical activity in schoolchildren

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980009991315 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 376-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Tara Finnerty ◽

Sue Reeves ◽

Jaqueline Dabinett ◽

Yvonne M Jeanes ◽

Claus Vögele

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Peer Influence ◽

Age Groups ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Self Report ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physical Activity Levels

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the dietary intake and physical activity of boys and girls aged 9–13 years, and the influence of peers on these behaviours.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNine primary and secondary schools in south-west London.SubjectsA total of 315 children wore sealed pedometers, provided self-report measures of dietary intake and answered a questionnaire relating to peer influence. Anthropometric measures of height and weight were also obtained.ResultsObese children had the lowest reported energy intakes and the lowest step counts per day. Boys took significantly more steps per day than girls, however girls were closer to achieving their recommended cut-offs for physical activity. Girls had lower energy intakes per day and lower BMI Z-scores than boys, however both genders, across all age groups, had higher than recommended intakes of saturated fat. There were significant associations between peer influence and physical activity levels but not between peer influence and dietary intake.ConclusionsLow energy intake and physical activity levels but high saturated fat intakes among boys and girls across all age groups highlight the importance of promoting both physical activity and healthy food choices. The finding that peers have a significant effect on physical activity levels but not on dietary intake offers an important approach for the design of health promotion interventions and obesity prevention programmes. Such designs may be particularly beneficial for obese youth, since the low physical activity levels found could be a major contributing factor to the maintenance of the condition.

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Social Cognitive Correlates of Physical Activity: Findings From a Cross-Sectional Study of Adults With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.8.5.626 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 626-635 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Yoojin Suh ◽

Madeline Weikert ◽

Deirdre Dlugonski ◽

Brian Sandroff ◽

Robert W. Motl

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Outcome Expectations ◽

Physical Activity Behavior ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Path Coefficient ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relapsing Remitting ◽

Activity Behavior

Background:Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) are often physically inactive and sedentary. This observation has prompted the search for modifiable variables derived from established theories that act as correlates of physical activity. Such variables would presumably represent targets for interventions designed to promote change in physical activity behavior among persons with MS. The current study examined social cognitive variables as correlates of physical activity in persons with MS.Methods:Persons (N = 218) with relapsing-remitting MS completed a questionnaire battery that assessed physical activity behavior; self-efficacy for physical activity; physical, social, and self-evaluative outcome expectations for exercise, functional limitations as an impediment for physical activity, and exercise goal-setting. The battery was delivered and returned through the US postal service. Data were analyzed using covariance modeling in Mplus 3.0.Results:Self-efficacy had indirect effects on physical activity via impediments (path coefficient = .10, P < .005), self-evaluative outcome expectations (path coefficient = .07, P < .025), and goal-setting (path coefficient = .09, P < .01). The model explained 40% of variance in self-reported physical activity.Conclusions:This cross-sectional study suggests that self-efficacy is indirectly associated with physical activity by way of goals, self-evaluative outcome expectations, and impediments in persons with relapsing-remitting MS.

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Perceived social and built environment associations of leisure-time physical activity among adults in Sri Lanka

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05810-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shreenika De Silva Weliange ◽

Madhawa Perera ◽

Jagath Gunatilake

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Built Environment ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Social Acceptance ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Neighbourhood Environment ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective Although perceived neighbourhood environment is considered a predictor of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), evidence for this is limited in South Asia. Thus, the aim was to determine the association between neighbourhood social and built environment features in carrying out LTPA among adults in Colombo District, Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional study among 1320 adults was carried out using validated questionnaires for physical activity (PA) and built environment data collection. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the associations between environment characteristics and LTPA after adjusting for gender, age, employment status, income level and sector of residence. Results A total of 21.7% of adults participated in some LTPA. The commonest type of LTPA was walking; carried out by 14.5%. Moderate and vigorous activity at leisure was carried out by 10.3% and 3.9% respectively. Perceived social acceptance for PA was positively associated with LTPA. Out of the built environment characteristics perceived infrastructure for walking, and recreational facilities for PA were negatively associated with LTPA. Self-efficacy emerged as an important positive correlate of LTPA. The participants were positively influenced by the self-efficacy and perceived social environment which should be addressed when promoting LTPA.

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Relationship Between School Gardening and Self-Efficacy Towards Weekly Fruit & Vegetable Intake

Advanced Journal of Graduate Research ◽

10.21467/ajgr.9.1.59-70 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 59-70

Author(s):

Hussein Mukasa Kafeero ◽

David Kavuma ◽

Scovia Mbabazi

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

World Health ◽

United States Department ◽

School Gardens ◽

School Garden ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Quantitative Research Methods

The study was designed to understand the relationship between school gardens and student’s self-efficacy and its effect on weekly intake of fruits and vegetables. The survey used two Ugandan secondary schools; one having a well established school garden with all students having equal opportunities to participate in the growing, harvesting and consumptions of fruits and vegetables, another not. The study followed a cross-sectional study design employing quantitative research methods. The target population comprised of late adolescents 18-22 years attending the two-selected secondary school; one in Kampala and another in Luwero districts. The school in Luwero district engaged students in gardening activities while the school in Kampala did not. Self-administered structured questionnaire was given to students to answer questions in line with the specific objectives. Data was analyzed by using Mann Whitney U test, Pearson Rank Correlation, Odds ratio and test of proportion. The mean ages of the girls and boys in the school exposed to gardening activities were 19.10±1.4 and 19.2±2.86 respectively while those for students in the unexposed school were 18.62±1.21 and 19.11±1.29 respectively. The study had more males (56.3%) than females (43.7%). Neither group met the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) recommendation of ≥35 servings per week (≥5 servings per day) for both fruits and vegetables consumption. However, the exposed students had more weekly servings of fruits and vegetables (P>0.05) and had higher self-efficacy towards dietary intake of fruits and vegetables (P=0.007). School garden based intervention can significantly improve student’s self-efficacy towards fruit & vegetable dietary intake increasing the weekly consumption of fruits and vegetables. The findings of the study will inform policy makers on the role of school gardens in enhancing fruit and vegetable intake by in-school adolescents as they develop the Uganda’s school health policy.

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Beliefs, Benefits and Barriers Associated with Physical Activity: Impact of These Factors on Physical Activity in Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Clinical Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/1054773820967699 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 105477382096769

Author(s):

Hsiang-Ju Hsu ◽

Ding-Tien Chung ◽

Li-Yun Lee ◽

I-Pei Lin ◽

Shu-Ching Chen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Tai Chi ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type Ii ◽

Patient Centered ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Activity Performance

This study aimed to assess patients’ levels of belief, benefits and barriers toward physical activity, and to identify factors associated with physical activity performance in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study was carried out using cross-sectional correlation design. Subjects from the endocrinology and metabolism outpatient departments of a teaching hospital in northern Taiwan were recruited by consecutive sampling. A total of 149 patients with type II DM were recruited. More physical activity was associated with stronger physical activity beliefs, including recovery self-efficacy, action and coping planning, and maintenance self-efficacy, which explained 40.9% of variance in physical activity performance. Patient-centered physical activity programs (resistance exercise, daily walking, or Tai Chi exercise) can reduce patients’ barriers toward performing physical activity.

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